薯茛浓缩染网试验

薯莨胶是由薯莨中提取的，薯莨学名Dioscorea rhipogomoides olivea，是亚热带的多年野生灌木，盛产于广东，广西、福建、江西、湖南诸省。资源丰富。

铁拷染网法试制成功

我国舟山渔场．拷网用拷胶皮每年达2000余吨．历年都依赖国外进口．不但耗费巨额外汇．且常因国外局势变化及远洋运输不及时。不能充分保证渔业生产的需要。

煤焦油综合染网法

过去一般采用豆油，桐油，血料染网，成本既高，原料供应又紧张，费工多，染网因受天气和气候的限制，需要的预备网片也多，而防腐效能并不很强。据我省海洋水产试验场试验结果，认为旧式染网所用原料都是国家急需的物资，

染网茯皮的代用品

今年渔业生产将要更大的跃进，随着各种网具增多，染网所用的茯皮（栲皮）需用数量很大，但目前茯皮来源缺乏。各地发动群众找窍门，利用废物代替茯皮，如用茶壳，莲壳，马尾松，金钢刺，薯良等八种代用品，

大麦在网斑病菌侵染后的转录组学分析

近年来,由子囊菌亚门真菌网斑病菌(Pyrenophora teres)引起的大麦网斑病在我国大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)主产区大面积发生并流行,导致大麦产量和品质下降。为探索大麦响应网斑菌侵染的分子机制,以抗网斑病种质材料BYT-CYA3(B)和敏感型材料美41/I(M)为研究对象,利用转录组测序技术(RNA-Sep),分析了2个材料在接种网斑病菌后不同时间点的基因表达差异。结果表明,对比网斑病菌侵染后不同时间点的转录组测序数据,共鉴定出35545个差异表达基因;网斑病侵染大麦3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h和72 h时,抗病材料与敏感型材料间富集到GO和KEGG途径的差异表达基因数目有明显区别;共获得435个网斑病菌侵染诱导表达基因;共筛选出182个主要参与过氧化物酶体(peroxisome)、代谢途径(metabolic pathways)、MAPK信号传导途径-植物(MAPK signaling pathway-plant)、植物-病原体相互作用(plant-pathogen)、植物激素信号转导(plant hormone signal transduction)、次生代谢物生物合成(biosynthesis of secondary metabolites)等生物学过程的差异表达基因,推测这些基因与大麦响应网斑病菌侵染有关。随机从中选取10个基因进行了荧光定量PCR检测,并对其转录组测序结果进行定量分析,发现荧光定量PCR结果与转录结果趋势一致。本试验从分子水平初步探索了大麦对网斑病菌侵染的响应机制,为深入研究抗病基因提供了候选基因。

防范网络病毒

计算机病毒的传播是通过两条基本途径进行的,第一是在网络环境下,通过网络数据的传递;第二是在单机环境下,通过软盘的信息传递。从原理上讲,计算机病毒是不可防御的。就网络环境而言,在网络环境下,扼断信息传递的途径是不容易的,因为网络的功能就是实现数据共享。就单机环境而言,只要使用软盘就有可能感染上病毒程序。但在实际工作中,防御计算机病毒是属于计算机系统维护范畴,与如何管理计算机网络是密切相关的。为此笔者结合自己的实践,谈谈计算机网络病毒的传播途径和预防措施。传播途径 1.

Analysis of TORCH results of retinal exudative changes in neonates

AIM:To explore the relationship between retinal exudative changes in neonates and perinatal toxoplasmosis,others,rubella,cytomegalovirus,and herpes simplex virus(TORCH)infections,as well as the characteristics of TORCH infection in neonates with retinal exudative changes.METHODS:Retrospective study.A total of 612 neonates with retinal exudative changes detected during ophthalmic screening in our hospital from May 2019 to March 2023 were selected.TORCH tests were performed on these neonates,and the results were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the infection characteristics.The neonates with retinal exudative changes were grouped by sex and age,the characteristics of TORCH infection were analyzed,and the positive rates were compared.RESULTS:Among the 612 neonates with retinal exudative changes,the highest positive rate was observed for cytomegalovirus(CMV-IgG)(96.7%),followed by rubella virus(RV-IgG)(73.9%).Mixed infections with two or three viruses were also observed,with the highest positive rate for mixed infection of RV-IgG and CMV-IgG reaching 71.2%.There was no statistically significant difference in TORCH infection among neonates of different sex(P>0.05).However,there were statistically significant differences in RV-IgG and CMV-IgM infections with retinal exudative changes among neonates of different age groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Perinatal TORCH infection may be an important factor causing retinal exudative changes in neonates.The differences in various infections are not related to sex but are related to different age groups.

Comparative study of the karyotypes of two species of grasshoppers in the genera Chorthippus Fieber and Euchorthippus Tarbinsky(Orthoptera: Arcypteridae)

The chromosome karyotypes of Chorthippus albomarginatus （De Geer） which represents the genus Chorthippus Fieber and Euchorthippus unicolor （Ikonnikov） which represents the genus Euchorthippus Tarbinsky were compared. The chromosome numbers for these two species fit 2n （♂） = 17 = 16 ＋ XO, in which five pairs of autosomal and sex chromosomes are terminal chromosomes, and the other three pairs of autosomes are metacentric chromosomes. This similarity between the two genera indicates that they have a close phylogenetic relationship. However, these two species can be distinguished by their different chromosome formula （CF） and the relative sex chromosome length （RL）. The CF in C. albomarginatus is K （2n,♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 8L ＋ 4M ＋ 4S ＋ XO, whereas that ofE. unicolor is K （2n, ♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 8L ＋ 6M ＋ 2S ＋ XO. The relative lengths of sex chromosomes in the two species are different. The sex-chromosome of C. albomarginatus is located at the ninth position and its relative length is 2.96% whereas that ofE. unicolor is at the eighth position and its relative length is 4.26%. These results show that significantly different genetic features exist for the two genera.

Protein interaction network related to Helicobacter pylori infection response

AIM:To understand the complex reaction of gastric inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) in a systematic manner using a protein interaction network. METHODS:The expression of genes significantly changed on microarray during H pylori infection was scanned from the web literary database and translated into proteins.A network of protein interactions was constructed by searching the primary interactions of selected proteins.The constructed network was mathematically analyzed and its biological function was examined.In addition,the nodes on the network were checked to determine if they had any further functional importance or relation to other proteins by extending them. RESULTS:The scale-free network showing the relationship between inflammation and carcinogenesis was constructed.Mathematical analysis showed hub and bottleneck proteins,and these proteins were mostly related to immune response.The network contained pathways and proteins related to H pylori infection,such as the JAK-STAT pathway triggered by interleukins.Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB,TLR4,and other proteins known to function as core proteins of immune response were also found. These immune-related proteins interacted on the network with pathways and proteins related to the cell cycle,cell maintenance and proliferation,andtranscription regulators such as BRCA1,FOS,REL,and zinc finger proteins.The extension of nodes showed interactions of the immune proteins with cancer- related proteins.One extended network,the core network,a summarized form of the extended network, and cell pathway model were constructed. CONCLUSION:Immune-related proteins activated by H pylori infection interact with proto-oncogene proteins.The hub and bottleneck proteins are potential drug targets for gastric inflammation and cancer.

A COMPLETE SCREEN FOR MUTATIONS OF THE RHODOPSIN GENE IN A PANEL OF CHINESE PATIENTS WITH AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of rhodopsin (RHO) mutations and the genotype-phenotype relationships in Chinese patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct DNA sequencing. Methods We have screened the five coding exons and splice sites of RHO gene in 27 probands who had no relativity from Chinese ADRP families and 100 normal controls to identify disease-associated mutations, using CSGE and direct DNA sequencing. Family members of some probands with disease-associated mutations were also genotyped to determine whether the RHO mutations segregated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in their families. Results Two RHO mutations, Pro347Leu and Pro327 (1-bp del), were identified separately in two families, thus the frequency of RHO mutations among this set of Chinese ADRP families is about 7.4% (2/27). Pro347Leu mutation was found in one ADRP proband as well as three her children who also had RP. She had relatively early onset at about 17 years. The only one child without this mutation had no symptom or sign of RP at age of 34. Pro327 (1-bp del) was identified in a late-onset ADRP patient, who appeared night blindness around 30 years old and in her fifties electroretinogram (ERG) has been flat in both scotopic and photopic phases. Family analysis showed that this mutation also existed in her younger dau-ghter and her elder sister, both of them also had RP. Three other family members were genotypically and phenotypically normal. Neither of the two mutations was detected in 100 normal controls.Conclusions The frequency of RHO mutations in Chinese patients was lower than that in Europe and North America. The phenotype of the patients with Pro347Leu corresponded to type 1 ADRP, with severe rod degeneration and some cone preservation later, while the phenotype of the patients carrying Pro327 (1-bp del) corresponded to type 2 ADRP, with a concomitant loss of rod and cone visual function. CSGE was found to be a sensitive, simple, and practical method for the screening of a large number of samples under highly reproducible conditions, and could be utilized in routine molecular diagnostic laboratories.

Secure Network Coding Against Intra/Inter-Generation Pollution Attacks

By allowing routers to combine the received packets before forwarding them,network coding-based applications are susceptible to possible malicious pollution attacks.Existing solutions for counteracting this issue either incur inter-generation pollution attacks(among multiple generations)or suffer high computation/bandwidth overhead.Using a dynamic public key technique,we propose a novel homomorphic signature scheme for network coding for each generation authentication without updating the initial secret key used.As per this idea,the secret key is scrambled for each generation by using the generation identifier,and each packet can be fast signed using the scrambled secret key for the generation to which the packet belongs.The scheme not only can resist intra-generation pollution attacks effectively but also can efficiently prevent inter-generation pollution attacks.Further,the communication overhead of the scheme is small and independent of the size of the transmitting files.

Understanding pollution dynamics in large-scale peer-to-peer IPTV system

With the great commercial success of several IPTV (internet protocal television) applications, PPLive has received more and more attention from both industry and academia. At present, PPLive system is one of the most popular instances of IPTV applications which attract a large number of users across the globe; however, the dramatic rise in popularity makes it more likely to become a vulnerable target. The main contribution of this work is twofold. Firstly, a dedicated distributed crawler system was proposed and its crawling performance was analyzed, which was used to evaluate the impact of pollution attack in P2P live streaming system. The measurement results reveal that the crawler system with distributed architecture could capture PPLive overlay snapshots with more efficient way than previous crawlers. To the best of our knowledge, our study work is the first to employ distributed architecture idea to design crawler system and discuss the crawling performance of capturing accurate overlay snapshots for P2P live streaming system. Secondly, a feasible and effective pollution architecture was proposed to deploy content pollution attack in a real-world P2P live streaming system called PPLive, and deeply evaluate the impact of pollution attack from following five aspects:dynamic evolution of participating users, user lifetime characteristics, user connectivity-performance, dynamic evolution of uploading polluted chunks and dynamic evolution of pollution ratio. Specifically, the experiment results show that a single polluter is capable of compromising all the system and its destructiveness is severe.

Identification of contamination source in water distribution network based on consumer complaints

A new methodology was proposed for contamination source identification using information provided by consumer complaints from a probabilistic view.Due to the high uncertainties of information derived from users,the objective of the proposed methodology doesn't aim to capture a unique solution,but to minimize the number of possible contamination sources.In the proposed methodology,all the possible pollution nodes are identified through the CSA methodology firstly.And then based on the principle of total probability formula,the probability of each possible contamination node is obtained through a series of calculation.According to magnitude of the probability,the number of possible pollution nodes is minimized.The effectiveness and feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated through an application to a real case of ZJ City.Four scenarios were designed to investigate the influence of different uncertainties on the results in this case.The results show that pollutant concentration,injection duration,the number of consumer complaints nodes used for calculation and the prior probability with which consumers would complaint have no particular effect on the identification of contamination source.Three nodes were selected as the most possible pollution sources in water pipe network of ZJ City which includes more than 3 000 nodes.The results show the potential of the proposed method to identify contamination source through consumer complaints.

Chemical and Organic Contamination of Phreatic Aquifer of Sidi Bouzid （Center West of Tunisia）

An understanding of the long-term changes in the nitrate and microbial contamination pattern of the groundwater of Sidi Bouzid （Centre West of Tunisia） is critical to conservation of drinking water in rural areas supporting mixed land-use activities such as cropping, livestock farming, and residence. The phreatic aquifer was revealed polluted by domestic disposals of the wastewaters in the urban zone. The average nitrate concentration in the groundwater of the east of the mioplioquaternary aquifer of Saddaguia （Sidi Bouzid） rose from 50 mg NO3- during 1996 to over 100 mg in 2003, which represents an increase of some 10 mg per year. Nitrate groundwater pollution during the period 1996-2003 was the result of the abusive use of fertilizers.In the cultivated zone, we must reduce the effects of the excessive use of the nitrogen fertilizers on the basis of monitoring soil once a year, managing water resources, rationalizing the use of the chemical substances. In urban zones, most of lost wells located in the perimeter reveal the gravity of the state of the aquifer. This last is organically polluted and requires an immediate action for the generalization of the purification network. We need to take into account the reality of under soil in all future planning＇s and arrangements. A scheme of sanitation seems necessary before all plans of arrangement. The extension of the sewer network must give the priority to the most vulnerable zones.

Steady States in SIRS Epidemical Model of Mobile Individual

We consider an epidemical model within soclally interacting mobile individuals to study the behaviors of steady states of epidemic propagation in 2D networks. Using mean-field approximation and large scale simulations, we recover the usual epidemic behavior with critical thresholds δc and pc below which infectious disease dies out. For the population density δ far above δc it is found that there is linear relationship between contact rate λ and the population density δ in the main. At the same time, the result obtained from mean-field approximation is compared with our numerical result, and it is found that these two results are similar by and large but not completely the same.

Delineation of Groundwater and Soil Contamination Using EM Survey at an Industrial Abandoned Site

It is important to evaluate and monitor the environmental impacts by the activity in our hand with appropriate methods, and the geophysical techniques have often been used in the subsurface environmental monitoring and remediation processes. In the study an electromagnetic survey （EM） is performed to delineate deeply the extent of contamination at an industrial abandoned site, to detect the spread of groundwater and soil contamination, to locate possible pathways of leachate plumes. Based on the analysis of the geophysical anomaly of electrical conductivity, the survey area is delineated into three zones： original zone, transitional zone and contaminated zone. It was inferred that the high conductivity zones correspond to the contaminated zones of groundwater and soil. The survey demonstrates that EM method has the ability to measure small changes in subsurface properties involving ground water and is sensitive to the conductive layers. The measurement shows the behavior of groundwater and soil contamination and the position of groundwater pipelines, and it is beneficial to help waste management processes and to determine possible locations of monitoring wells so as to monitor the environment in the survey area in the future.

Risk-based water quality decision-making under small data using Bayesian network

A knowledge-based network for Section Yidong Bridge,Dongyang River,one tributary of Qiantang River,Zhejiang Province,China,is established in order to model water quality in areas under small data.Then,based on normal transformation of variables with routine monitoring data and normal assumption of variables without routine monitoring data,a conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network is constructed.A "two-constraint selection" procedure is proposed to estimate potential parameter values under small data.Among all potential parameter values,the ones that are most probable are selected as the "representatives".Finally,the risks of pollutant concentration exceeding national water quality standards are calculated and pollution reduction decisions for decision-making reference are proposed.The final results show that conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network and "two-constraint selection" procedure are very useful in evaluating risks when there is limited data and can help managers to make sound decisions under small data.

Conditional Mutations in Drosophila

The aim of this study was to obtain unusual mutations called conditional. The mutations manifest in some, not all representatives of a species. Collections of these mutations in chromosomes X, 2, and 3 of Drosophila melanogaster were established. Sex of fly or chromosomal rearrangement was the conditions providing ＂manifestation-non manifestation＂ of these mutations. The mutations differ from the usual by a set of properties. The salient differences in addition to conditional manifestation include： manifestation dependence on the spatial arrangement of chromosomal material in the genome, parental effects （maternal or paternal） of the mutant, capacity for transferring the genome from stable to unstable state. It is suggested that conditional mutations are mutant variants of Drosophila regulatory genes contained by the large Genomic Regulatory Network of Drosophila. Thus, the genes of this category can be detected by using special breeding procedures, mutations of these genes have unusual manifestation.

Model of Pollution Management Control in Badung River： Enhancing Role of Traditional Law on Common Resource

Badung River in the Denpasar city of Bali Province, Indonesia, faces many challenging issues recently. As a common pool resource, the river has been under pressure from many activities including household activities which dump household wastes, and pollution externalities arising from dyeing and screen-printing of fabric industries. Conventional approach to control the pollution might not be effective since it will end up in zero sum game. This paper attempts to explore the role of traditional institituion in managing common pool resource such as controlling river pollution. This research is aimed to know the effectiveness of traditional law on managing pollution of printing and dyeing industries on this big river. Survey method was used for collecting primary data and then the data was analyzed by ordinal regression to determine the effect of internal and external factors which influence the intensity of pollution. The result indicates that even though traditional might help to influence household and industry＇s decision making, it might not sufficient enough to reduce the pollution of the river. Other factors are influencing the waste management, such as level of waste management knowledge of the entrepreneur, the attitude of the entrepreneur toward public program especially on waste and pollution management, the financial support, and the education level of government supervision. Furthermore, Government of Denpasar City need to arrange policy that giving incentive to businessman who handling waste properly and also giving reward to traditional organization who implementing local wisdom and norm to control river pollution strictly.

Fine structure of hypobranchial gland of Haliotis diversicolor

Fine structure of the hypobranchial gland of Haliotis diversicolor has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the gland is folded pleats organ, which is highly glandular area of the epidermal lining the roof of the mantle cavity. Two such glandular areas, one on each side of the rectum, occur in H. diversicolor. Left one is much larger than fight one. By light microscope, on H-E stained section, four cell types can be divided： cells with weak basophilic fibrillar elements; with acidophilic granular substance; with strong basophiIic fibrillar elements and ciliated ceils. In the basal lamina region under the gland epithelium, there are a few connective tissues. Surface view of the gland could be seen by scanning electron microscope, there are cilia and different kinds of secretions distributed. By transmission electron microscope, supporting cells, sensory cells and seven types gland cells were observed to form the glandular epithelium. Cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth muscle fiber and nerve endings were found beneath glandular epithelium, between basal lamina.