Less-expensive & Environment-friendly Fuel Cells

The research and develop ment of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including primary and secondary batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSC）, are of significance for easing the energy crisis and raising living standards. The environment-friendly, low-cost and high-efficiency electrolyte plays an important role in promoting technical progress of these devices.

DIFFERENCE IN BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSITIVITY TO CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY BETWEEN INTRAHEPATIC AND EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CELLS IN VITRO

Objective To investigate and compare the biological characteristics and sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods The intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were established,and cells with steady passage were chosen to study the biological characteristics including morphology,growth dynamics,chromosome,and levels of cancer antigen(CA)125,CA19-9,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA).Meanwhile,MTT assay was used to determine the sensitivity of both kinds of cells to 6 chemotherapeutic drugs,including cisplatin,paclitaxel,harringtonine,5-fluorouracil,vincristine,and aclacimomycin,and the inhibitory rate of cells under the irradiation of 10 Gy ray was also measured.Results The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells were mostly fusiform in shape,and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells were mostly round or polygon in shape.Their doubling time was 26.3 hours and 23.1 hours,respectively.Their average number of chromosomes was 59(range,38-84)and 67(range,49-103),respectively.The chromosome karyotypes of most intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells were hyperdiploid and hypotriploid,while hypertriploid was predominant in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells.The level of CA 125 in supernatant of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells increased obviously,while levels of other determined tumor markers in both kinds of cells were all within normal range.The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells were low sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel,but not sensitive to the other 4 chemotherapeutic drugs.The extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells were high sensitive to cisplatin,but not sensitive to the other 5 drugs.Both kinds of cells had poor sensitivity to radiotherapy.Conclusions Intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells show differences in shape,doubling time,chromosome karyotype,tumor marker level,and chemosensitivity,whereas they both have poor radiosensitivity.Though they are similar in histopathology,they have different growth characteristics and have discrepancy in treatment and prognosis.

Quasi-solid-state nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells using gel network polymer electrolytes based on polysiloxanes

A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystal-line porous TiO2 film solar cell was fabricated using a novel gel network polymer electrolyte based on polysiloxanes with both polyethylene oxide internal plasticized side chains and quaternary ammonium groups. The cell exhibited better photoelectrical conversion performance under 60 mW/cm2 irradiation. The short photocurrent (Isc) of 5.0 mA/cm2 and open voltage (Voc) of 0.68 V were achieved, and the energy conversion efficiency (h ) and fill factor (ff) were 3.4% and 0.60, respectively.

A novel method for preparing platinized counter electrode of nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells

The platinized FTO glass counter electrode was prepared by employing techniques of colloid preparation, Langmuir-Blodgett film and self-assembly. The present elec- trode had very low platinum loading, high catalytic activity for iodine/triiodide reduction reaction. Compared with the conventional counter electrodes used in nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells, the present electrode had provided a much higher catalytic performance which was attributed to the structure of platinum nanoclusters distributed homoge- neously on the electrode.

Optimization of polymer electrolytes forquasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

The photoelectrochemical properties of the quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on polymer electrolytes consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with the additions of nano-TiO2 and ionic liquid of MPII (1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide) were studied. By using a composite polymer electrolyte of PEO︰LiI︰TiO2︰ MPII︰I2 = 3︰3︰3︰7︰1 (in mol ratio), the solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.2% under 100 mW·cm?2 was ob- tained, which was 8 times higher than that of the cell using polymer electrolyte without any additives. The effect of the additives was attributed to the increase of ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes.

新型太阳能系统：效率高出20％

韩国延世大学的科学家开发出的新型混合装置——结合光伏效应和热电技术更好地工作。其原理为一个染色敏化的太阳能电池、由热电材料制成的薄膜以及一个温差电装置分别置于一种透明导电分子（PEDOT）薄膜上下方。该新型混合太阳能系统能比单个太阳能电池的效率高出20％。