玛瑙染黄色工艺研究

对玛瑙的染黄色工艺进行探讨 ,使用 Fe(NO3) 3等试剂浸泡灰白色玛瑙后 ,再经过适当的加热处理 (2 10℃ ,3h) ,得到了颜色较鲜艳的黄色玛瑙。文中详细讨论了染色的机理、过程以及影响因素 ;并通过对比实验分析了染色的试剂中使用 KMn O4 具有明显的效果 ,指出热处理关键是对温度的控制。

贡斌与染黄纸

染黄纸,因其书写性好、防虫蛀、韧度高等功能特性,不仅被历代皇家教令政府公文、典籍专用,还对各个时期的造纸术在不同地域的发展有着里程碑式的意义。对古法染黄纸制作技艺的研究,是对古纸文化的复兴,有助于当今人们理解染黄纸在古代得以广泛应用的科学内涵,在传承古法手工技艺的同时,也为当代手工纸的研制提供更多的技术依据。贡斌与他的老师中国制浆造纸研究院王菊华先生、中国国家图书馆杜伟生先生,沥尽8年心血复原出晋唐染黄纸,并举办"汉纸越千年:载道藏真"古纸文化展。展览以染黄纸的复原为切入点,从内容到呈现方式给了我们更多的启示,为非遗如何发声表达,如何融入当代,如何在当代环境下活态传播与传承提供了很好的范本。

秦汉染黄织物试说

中国古代丝织业在秦汉时期进入到重要的发展阶段,其织染工艺在这一时期获得了广阔的发展空间。上至官府设置专门的染色机构,下至民间广泛种植染料植物,织物染色行业蓬勃发展,染色技术获得长足的进步。而黄色作为五"正色"之一,其重要地位也在这一时期染色织物中突显出来。历代帝王多次赋"黄色"以正统,尚黄传统使得染黄织物具有了浓厚的政治宗教色彩,并经过后世王朝的传承发展,逐渐成为皇权的象征。在这一时期鲜艳亮丽的黄色织物也深受民众喜爱,多种黄色植物染料被发现并广泛种植,创造出了丰富多彩的黄色色调和色名。

中国古代黄栌染的史料及相关问题探析

[研究意义]漆树科属植物黄栌是中国古代非常重要的黄色染材之一,[研究方法]文章对古代黄栌染相关史料进行了梳理。[研究结果与结论]研究认为:汉代文献中出现的橐芦和木乎木在当作黄栌染史料利用时要慎重和存疑,且宋以后关于黄栌形态特征、产地及染黄的记载,文字内容基本上是辑录唐代的文献,新增内容甚少。对史料中“栌”“芦”二字相互借用的情况也做了说明,并根据一些间接文献和黄栌染色实验,道出了黄栌染色尽管色牢度不佳却仍被当作主流染材大量使用的原因。

过量食用柑桔致皮肤黄染3例

近来收诊3例因过量食用柑桔致全身皮肤黄染而以“传染性肝炎”就诊的患者,现报告如下:例1 男,6岁,因厌食、皮肤黄染10余天,于1996年12月10日来诊.体温36.8℃.脉搏90次/分钟.呼吸26次/分钟、全身皮肤黄染呈桔黄色,查无皮疹及出血点.巩膜轻度黄染,浅表淋巴结未触及.双肺呼吸音清,心律整,未闻及杂音.腹软,无压痛及反跳痛,未触及包块.肝区无触痛及叩击痛,肝脾未触及,双下肢无浮肿.实验室检查:红细胞4.2×10^(12)/L.白细胞8×10~9/L,中性0.76.淋巴0.24;酸溶血试验(AHT)(-),冷溶血试验(CHT)(-).血红蛋白热变性试验(HbHDT)<0.05;HBsAg(-),ALT70μmol.s^(-1)/L。

黄疸内科与外科有别

提起黄疸．很多人会立刻想到黄疸型肝炎。其实，黄疸也分内科黄疸和外科黄疸。大多数情况下，内科黄疸是指黄疽性肝炎。因为胆汁是由肝脏产生的，患了肝炎后，肝细胞受损害。胆红素直接入血。把巩膜及皮肤染黄。就形成了内科黄疸。除此之外．还包括溶血性黄疸、肝细胞损害性黄疸。

Two bacterial infection models in tree shrew for evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents

Animal models are essential for the development of new anti-infectious drugs.Although some bacterial infection models have been established in rodents,small primate models are rare.Here,we report on two bacterial infection models established in tree shrew（Tupaia belangeri chinensis）.A burnt skin infection model was induced by dropping 5×106 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of a wound after a third degree burn.This dose of S.aureus caused persistent infection for 7 days and obvious inflammatory response was observed 4 days after inoculation.A Dacron graft infection model,2×106 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa also caused persistent infection for 6 days,with large amounts of pus observed 3 days after inoculation.These models were used to evaluate the efficacy of levofloxacin（LEV） and cefoperazone（CPZ）,which reduced the viable bacteria in skin to 4log10 and 5log10 CFU/100 mg tissue,respectively.The number of bacteria in graft was significantly reduced by 4log10 CFU/mL treatment compared to the untreated group（P0.05）.These results suggest that two bacterial infection models were successfully established in tree shrew using P.aeruginosa and S.aureus.In addition,tree shrew was susceptible to P.aeruginosa and S.aureus,thus making it an ideal bacterial infection animal model for the evaluation of new antimicrobials.

Pollution status and potential ecological risk assessment in the surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary

Based on the ＂Project 908＂ survey data in 2006--2007 on surface sediments of the sea area adjacent to the Yellow River estuary, the research was conducted on the concentration distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of the estuary, which show that the mean contents of seven heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As） in the Yellow River estuary and its surrounding areas all comply with the Level-I of National Marine Sediments Quality Standard of China. Statistically significant correlation between the elements Cu-Cd, Pb-Cr and Cr-As in sediments indicates that the two heavy metals in each group may respectively have similar geochemical properties and sources. By using the Potential Ecological Risk Index （PERI） proposed by Hakanson, the assessment shows that the potential ecological risks in the estuary surface sediments are mainly attributed to Cd and Hg. The biological toxicity effects are assessed with the biological effects of concentration method, resulting in a conclusion that the adverse effects of As on organisms in the estuary marine environment occasionally occur, in contrast, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Hg will not generate adverse biological effects on a short and medium time scale.

Morphological Difference and Karyotype of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in Dongting Lake Water System

[Objective] The research aimed to study the morphological characteristics and karyotype of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in Dongting Lake water system.[Method] By using the conventional biological morphometry,PHA and colchicine injection method in vivo,the morphological characteristics and karyotype of P.fulvidraco in Yuanshui River and Lishui River of Dongting Lake were analyzed.[Result] In three ratio traits including standard length/head length,standard length/caudal peduncle depth,head length/snout length,P.fulvidraco of Yuanshui River and Lishui River had significant differences（P0.05）.However,the number and karyotype of their chromosomes were same.The chromosome number was 2n = 52,and the karyotype formula was 20M＋12SM＋10ST＋10T.The number of chromosome arm was 84.[Conclusion] The research result had certain theoretical guidance significance for the protection and utilization of wild P.resource in Dongting Lake water system.

Chromosome Location of the Male-sterility and Yellow Seedling Gene in Line 1066A of Foxtail Millet

Using foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) male-sterile line 1066A as female parent and Yugu 1 primary trisomic series (1 - 7) and tetrasomics 8, 9 as male parents, chromosome location of gene for male-sterility and yellow seedling in line 1066A was studied by primary trisomic analysis. The plants of F-1 generation of trisomics 2 - 9 were obtained by crossing with a great many plants of 1066A. F-1 generation of trisomics was similar to their male parent in morphologic characters, the color of their seedling was green, and pollen was partially fertile. The segregation ratio of fertility to sterility is 3:1 in F-2 generation of trisomics 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9; and 14:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 6 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.012). The segregation ratio of green seedling to yellow seedling is 12:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 7 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.31), but in other cases, this ratio is 3:1. The results indicated that the male-sterility gene was located on chromosome 6, and the gene for yellow seedling was monogenic recessive and located on chromosome 7. The rate of trisomics transmission by pollen was tested, trisomics 8 and 9 were the highest in rates of trisomics transmission and followed by trisomics 6 and 4.

Screening of Decolorizing Fungi for Rose Bengal and Water-soluble Colour Paste and Its Decolorization Conditions

The strain No. 2 which was isolated from the soil through enrichment culture was used as the experimental material. It was cultured in liquid medium to research decolorizing effect to Rose Bengal and soluble color paste under the different conditions of different media,carbon sources,nitrogen sources,initial pH values and culture temperatures. The results revealed that the optimum decolorizing conditions were using bean juice medium and PDA medium as the minimal medium,sucrose as the carbon source,and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source,initial pH 6.0-8.0. In addition,the strain was primarily identified as Aspergillus flavus according to its morphous and ITS sequence analysis.

Anticancer activity of genistein on implanted tumor of human SG7901 cells in nude mice

AIM： To investigate genistein-induced apoptosis of implanted tumors of SG7901 cells in nude mice, and the relationship between this apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. METHODS： Establishing a transplanted tumor model by injecting human SG7901 cells into subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. Genistein （0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg） was directly injected adjacent to the tumor, six times at 2-d intervals. Then, changes in tumor volume were measured continuously and tumor inhibition rate of each group was calculated. We observed the morphological alterations by transmission electron microscopy （TEN）, measured the apoptotic rate by the TUNEL staining method, and detected the expression of apoptosisregulated gene Bcl-2 and bax by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. RESULTS： Genistein 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg significantly inhibited carcinoma growth when it was injected near the tumor by 10.8%, 29.9% and 39.6%, respectively. Genistein induced implanted tumor cells to undergo apoptosis, with apoptotic characteristics seen by TEM. The apoptosis index was increased progressively with increasing genistein dose （28.9% ± 1.2%, 33.8% ±1.6% and 37.7% ±1.2%）. The positive rate of Bcl-2 protein was decreased progressively （11.9%± 0.9%, 5.9%± 0.7% and 4.2% ±0.6%）, and the positive rate of bax protein was increased progressively （0.9% ±1.7%, 24.9% ±0.8% and 29.6% ± 1.7%） by immunohistochemical staining, with increasing dose of genistein. The density of Bcl-2 mRNA decreased progressively and the density of bax mRNA increased progressively with elongation of time by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION： Genistein was able to induce apoptosisof transplanted tumor cells. This apoptosis may be mediated by down-regulation of the apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2 and up-regulation of apoptosis-regulated gene bax.

GENISTEIN INHIBITS PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL IN VITRO

Objective To explore the effect of genistein on proliferation of human endometrial endothelial cells （HEECs） and glandular epithelium. Methods In vitro HEECs and human endometrial cancer-1B cell （HEC-1B ） were cultured with 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μmol/L of genistein alone or indicated concentrations of genistein combined with 0.2 or 1 nmol/L 17β- estradiol （ 17β-E2）. Cell proliferation was determined by [ 3H ] -thymidine incorporation and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. Results After 96 hours of treatment, genistein inhibited the proliferation of HEECs in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulation index reduced from 100% （ without genistein treatment ） to about 1% （ 200 μmol/L genistein ）. HEECs were arrested at G1/0 and G2/M phase when treated with genistein for 96 hours. When the concentration of genistein was 200 μmol/L, the percentages of HEECs at G1/0, G2/M, and S phase were 96. 0%, 2.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. However, when HEECs were treated without genistein, the percentages of HEECs at G1/0, G2/M, and S phase were 76. 7%, 8.5%, and 14. 7%, respectively. 1713-E2 could not influence the effects of genistein on the proliferation of HEECs. Meanwhile, genistein could suppress the proliferation of HEC-1B. If the stimulation index of HEC-IB was defined as 100% when HEC-1B was treated with different doses of 1713-E2 （without genistein）, it was 67%, 19%, as well as 32% when cell was supplemented with 200 μmol/L genistein combined with 0, 0. 2, or 1 nmol/L 17β-E2, respectively. Conclusion Genistein at the concentration of 200 μmol/L can sufficiently inhibit the proliferation of HEECs and endometrial glandular epithelium simultaneously in vitro.

Effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

An 8-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,body composition,and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing four graded supplements of genistein:0,30,300,and 3 000 μg/g.Each diet was randomly assigned in triplicate to tanks stocked with 15 juvenile tilapia(10.47±1.24 g).The results show that 30 and 300 μg/gdietary genistein had no significant effect on growth performance of Nile tilapia,but the higher level of genistein(3 000 μg/g)significantly depressed the final body weight and specific growth rate.There was no significant difference in survival rate,feed intake,feed efficiency ratio or whole body composition among all dietary treatments.An assay of digestive enzymes showed that the diet containing 3 000 μg/ggenistein decreased stomach and hepatopancreas protease activity,and amylase activity in the liver and intestine,while a dietary level of300 μg/g genistein depressed stomach protease and intestine amylase activities.However,no significant difference in stomach amylase activity was found among dietary treatments.Overall,the results of the present study indicate that a high level of dietary genistein(3 000 μg/g,or above) would significantly reduce the growth of Nile tilapia,partly because of its inhibitory effect on the activity of major digestive enzymes.Accordingly,the detrimental effects of genistein,as found in soybean products,should not be ignored when applied as an alternative ingredient source in aquaculture.

Preparation and Dyeing Performance of a Novel Crosslinking Polymeric Dye Containing Flavone Moiety

A yellow crosslinking polymeric dye was prepared by grafting the flavone moiety containing azo chromophore onto polyvinylamine backbone.The λ max of this polymeric dye in water is 382 nm.The polymeric dye is fixed to silk and cotton with a crosslinking agent,2-chloro-4,6-di(aminobenzene-4'-β-sulphatoethylsulphone)-1,3,5-s-triazine,which acts as a bridge between the fiber and dye molecules.The fixation of this polymeric dye reaches 99% and the dyed samples exhibit excellent rubbing and washing fastness.

Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice

Despite advances in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care, intervention, especially surgery, for relief of obstructive jaundice still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key event in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-associated complications is endotoxemia of gut origin because of intestinal barrier failure. This breakage of the gut barrier in obstructive jaundice is multi-factorial, involving disruption of the immunologic, biological and mechanical barrier. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that obstructive jaundice results in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanisms implicated in this phenomenon remain unresolved, but growing research interest during the last decade has shed light in our knowledge in the field. This review summarizes the current concepts in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-induced gut barrier dysfunction, analyzing pivotal factors, such as altered intestinal tight junctions expression, oxidative stress and imbalance of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Clinicians handling patients with obstructive jaundice should not neglect protecting the intestinal barrier function before, during and after intervention for the relief of this condition, which may improve their patients’ outcome.

Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size frac- tions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid ex- tractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (Nso)) are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extract- able nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distri- butions of Nie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.

Influence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection on Hepatopancreas Gene Expression of ‘Huanghai No.2' Shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

To elucidate the molecular response of shrimp hepatopancreas to white spot syndrome virus(WSSV) infection, microarray was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of ‘Huanghai No. 2'(Fenneropenaeus chinensis). A total of 59137 unigenes were designed onto a custom-made 60 K Agilent chip. After infection, the gene expression profiles in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp with a lower viral load at early(48–96 h), peak(168–192 h) and late(264–288 h) infection phases were analyzed. Of 18704 differentially expressed genes, 6412 were annotated. In total, 5453 differentially expressed genes(1916 annotated) expressed at all three phases, and most of the annotated were either up-or down-regulated continuously. These genes function diversely in, for example, immune response, cytoskeletal system, signal transduction, stress resistance, protein synthesis and processing, metabolism among others. Some of the immune-related genes, including antilipopolysaccharide factor, Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor, C-type lectin and serine protease encoding genes, were up-regulated after WSSV infection. These genes have been reported to be involved in the anti-WSSV responses. The expression of genes related to the cytoskeletal system, including β-actin and myosin but without tubulin genes, were down-regulated after WSSV infection. Astakine was found for the first time in the WSSV-infected F. chinensis. To further confirm the expression of differentially expressed genes, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to test the expression of eight randomly selected genes and verified the reliability and accuracy of the microarray expression analysis. The data will provide valuable information to understanding the immune mechanism of shrimp's response to WSSV.

High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistance MRSA and VRSA of Different Infections from AI-Jumhuory Teaching Hospital Patients in Mosul

Staphylococcus aureus is major human pathogen causing large variety of infections worldwide. This study carried out to isolate S. aureus from different clinical cases, also detection of MRSA prevalence and VRSA emergence, in addition to shedding light on strains that have to be multidrug resistance against various antibiotics, The clinical samples were collected from AI-Jumhuory Teaching Hospital patients in Mosul, isolates identification were achieved by conventional procedures including biochemical and physiological tests, and the specific latex agglutination test. The sensitivity pattern achieved by using disk diffusion technique, for MRSA and VRSA detection oxacillin-disk （1 μg） and vancomycin-disk （30 μg） were used respectively. Results revealed, among 17 S. aureus isolates, 7 （41%） were mostly isolated from patients with wound and burn infections. Isolates had high resistance rate against ampicillin （100%） and cefotaxime （81%）, and lower resistance rate against several antibiotics. MRSA was 88% of total isolates, 93.3% of MRSA were multidrug resistance to 3-9 of antibiotics. Six isolates （40%） of MRSA were VRSA. It is concluded that antibiotics other than vancomycin can be used as anti-MRSA agents after a sensitivity test to prevent the prevalence of VRSA, the major cause of this chemotherapy problems maybe irrational and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Influence of Ultrasonic on Broken Effect of Foodborne Polluting Strains

[ Objective] The aim was to study on influence of ultrasonic on broken effect of foodborne polluting strains. [Method ] Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger in different concentrations were tested in different ultrasonic powers and times for the broken effects.[ Result ] Eschedchia coil and Staphylococcus aureus were more sensitive to ultrasonication and the broken rates were as high as 96%. Aspergillus niger, however, was not so sensitive and the broken rate was only about 40%. The optimum parameters, including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and OD, of Escherichia coli were 600 W, 14 rain and 0.997, of Staphylococcus aureus were 600 W, 15 min and 1.440, and of Aspergillus ni- ger were 700 W, 20 min and 0.893, respectively. [ Conclusion] The research provided references for application of ultrasonic technology in food sterilization.