Cherry cultivar Misri （Bigarreau Noir Grossa） was used for making candy. Pitting of fruit was done manually and KMS （0.2%） was added for bleaching. The fruit was pretreated using 4 levels of CaCl2 （Co = 0%, C1 = ...Cherry cultivar Misri （Bigarreau Noir Grossa） was used for making candy. Pitting of fruit was done manually and KMS （0.2%） was added for bleaching. The fruit was pretreated using 4 levels of CaCl2 （Co = 0%, C1 = 1%, C2 = 1.5%, C3 = 2%） and stored in jars for 4 weeks. Thereafter, application of colour was done using Erythrosine （0.05%） followed by dipping pitted fruits in sugar syrup for 24 hours. The samples were treated with 4 levels of citric acid （To = 0%, Tl = 1%, T2 = 1.5%, T3 = 2%） and then concentrated subsequently till desired TSS of 70~ Brix was attained. The samples were dried in cabinet drier at 80 ±20 ℃till constant moisture was attained. The product was packed in polyethene pouches and stored under ambient storage conditions. Results revealed that there was gradual increase in reducing sugars （%）, total sugars （%） during storage while as moisture content （%） decreased. The product developed was found economically profitable and viable for commercial production.展开更多
Objective The mangrove tree Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig(X.granatum)is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in several Asian countries.Many bioactive natural products have been isolated from the plants,par...Objective The mangrove tree Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig(X.granatum)is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in several Asian countries.Many bioactive natural products have been isolated from the plants,particularly several groups of limonoids,including 18 xylogranatins(Xyl-A to R),all of which bear a furyl-δ-lactone core commonly found in limonoids.Based on a structural analogy with the limonoids obacunone and gedunin,we hypothesized that xylogranatins could target the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β),a major target for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies,viral infections,and cancers.Methods We investigated the binding of the 18 xylogranatins to GSK-3βusing molecular docking in comparison with two known reference GSK-3βATP-competitive inhibitors,LY2090314 and AR-A014418.For each compound bound to GSK-3β,the empirical energy of interaction(ΔE)was calculated and compared to that obtained with known GSK-3βinhibitors and limonoid triterpenes that target this enzyme.Results Five compounds were identified as potential GSK-3βbinders,Xyl-A,-C,-J,-N,and-O,for which the calculated empiricalΔE was equivalent to that calculated using the best reference molecule AR-A014418.The best ligand is Xyl-C,which is known to have marked anticancer properties.Binding of Xyl-C to the ATP-binding pocket of GSK-3βpositions the furyl-δ-lactone unit deep into the binding-site cavity.Other xylogranatin derivatives bearing a central pyridine ring or a compact polycyclic structure are much less adapted for GSK-3βbinding.Structure-binding relationships are discussed.Conclusion GSK-3βmay contribute to the anticancer effects of X.granatum extract.This study paves the way for the identification of other furyl-δ-lactone-containing limonoids as GSK-3βmodulators.展开更多
To introduce a safe and specific appr oach of 13 C magnetic resonance spectrum ( 13 C MRS) spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism. Methods: Relative anaplerotic, pyruvate recycling and gluco...To introduce a safe and specific appr oach of 13 C magnetic resonance spectrum ( 13 C MRS) spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism. Methods: Relative anaplerotic, pyruvate recycling and gluconeog enic fluxes were measured by 13 C MRS isotopomer ana lysis of blood glucose from rats with 40% body surface area burn injury, and fro m rat s exposed to sham injury. A short chain fatty acid, [U 13 C] propionate which was avidly extracted by the liver, was infused intravenously to deliver 13 C into the citric acid cycle. Proton decoupled 13 C MRS of deproteinized plasma or extracts of the freeze clamped liver were used to determine the distribution of 13 C in blood or hepatic glucose.Results: There was no difference in the multiplets detected in the glucose carbon 2 anomer from blood or liver after 45 or 60 minutes of the i nfusion of the propionate, indicating that steady state isotopic conditions wer e achiev ed. Gluconeogenesis relative to citric acid cycle flux was not altered by burn i njury; in both sham and burn groups the rate of glucose production was about equ al to flux through citrate synthase. In the sham group of animals, the rate of e ntry of carbon skeletons into the citric acid cycle was about 4 times than that in the burn group. Similarly, flux through pyruvate kinase (again relative to ci trate synthase) was significantly increased after the burn injury. Conclusions: Since results from analysis of the blood glucose a re the same as that of the hepatic glucose, 13 C dis tribution in the glucose and hepatic metabolism can be assessed based on the 13 C MRS analysis of the blood glucose.展开更多
文摘Cherry cultivar Misri （Bigarreau Noir Grossa） was used for making candy. Pitting of fruit was done manually and KMS （0.2%） was added for bleaching. The fruit was pretreated using 4 levels of CaCl2 （Co = 0%, C1 = 1%, C2 = 1.5%, C3 = 2%） and stored in jars for 4 weeks. Thereafter, application of colour was done using Erythrosine （0.05%） followed by dipping pitted fruits in sugar syrup for 24 hours. The samples were treated with 4 levels of citric acid （To = 0%, Tl = 1%, T2 = 1.5%, T3 = 2%） and then concentrated subsequently till desired TSS of 70~ Brix was attained. The samples were dried in cabinet drier at 80 ±20 ℃till constant moisture was attained. The product was packed in polyethene pouches and stored under ambient storage conditions. Results revealed that there was gradual increase in reducing sugars （%）, total sugars （%） during storage while as moisture content （%） decreased. The product developed was found economically profitable and viable for commercial production.
文摘Objective The mangrove tree Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig(X.granatum)is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases in several Asian countries.Many bioactive natural products have been isolated from the plants,particularly several groups of limonoids,including 18 xylogranatins(Xyl-A to R),all of which bear a furyl-δ-lactone core commonly found in limonoids.Based on a structural analogy with the limonoids obacunone and gedunin,we hypothesized that xylogranatins could target the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β),a major target for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies,viral infections,and cancers.Methods We investigated the binding of the 18 xylogranatins to GSK-3βusing molecular docking in comparison with two known reference GSK-3βATP-competitive inhibitors,LY2090314 and AR-A014418.For each compound bound to GSK-3β,the empirical energy of interaction(ΔE)was calculated and compared to that obtained with known GSK-3βinhibitors and limonoid triterpenes that target this enzyme.Results Five compounds were identified as potential GSK-3βbinders,Xyl-A,-C,-J,-N,and-O,for which the calculated empiricalΔE was equivalent to that calculated using the best reference molecule AR-A014418.The best ligand is Xyl-C,which is known to have marked anticancer properties.Binding of Xyl-C to the ATP-binding pocket of GSK-3βpositions the furyl-δ-lactone unit deep into the binding-site cavity.Other xylogranatin derivatives bearing a central pyridine ring or a compact polycyclic structure are much less adapted for GSK-3βbinding.Structure-binding relationships are discussed.Conclusion GSK-3βmay contribute to the anticancer effects of X.granatum extract.This study paves the way for the identification of other furyl-δ-lactone-containing limonoids as GSK-3βmodulators.
文摘To introduce a safe and specific appr oach of 13 C magnetic resonance spectrum ( 13 C MRS) spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism. Methods: Relative anaplerotic, pyruvate recycling and gluconeog enic fluxes were measured by 13 C MRS isotopomer ana lysis of blood glucose from rats with 40% body surface area burn injury, and fro m rat s exposed to sham injury. A short chain fatty acid, [U 13 C] propionate which was avidly extracted by the liver, was infused intravenously to deliver 13 C into the citric acid cycle. Proton decoupled 13 C MRS of deproteinized plasma or extracts of the freeze clamped liver were used to determine the distribution of 13 C in blood or hepatic glucose.Results: There was no difference in the multiplets detected in the glucose carbon 2 anomer from blood or liver after 45 or 60 minutes of the i nfusion of the propionate, indicating that steady state isotopic conditions wer e achiev ed. Gluconeogenesis relative to citric acid cycle flux was not altered by burn i njury; in both sham and burn groups the rate of glucose production was about equ al to flux through citrate synthase. In the sham group of animals, the rate of e ntry of carbon skeletons into the citric acid cycle was about 4 times than that in the burn group. Similarly, flux through pyruvate kinase (again relative to ci trate synthase) was significantly increased after the burn injury. Conclusions: Since results from analysis of the blood glucose a re the same as that of the hepatic glucose, 13 C dis tribution in the glucose and hepatic metabolism can be assessed based on the 13 C MRS analysis of the blood glucose.
