[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social ...[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social economic conditions, living environment, types of agricultural resources and their use in the main inhabitances of Pumi people including Yulong, Ninglang, Lanping and Weixi County in Yunnan. [Result] There are certain differences in social and economic situations of the four counties, and the ecological environment is generally good. The main agricultural resources in villages under investigation include beans and coarse cereals, while there are certain differences among other agricultural resources due to their location. [Conclusion] The living environment of the main inhabitances of Pumi people in Yunnan is good and there are plenty and characteristic agricultural resources which have certain potentiality for development in the future.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the staging of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery were selected. Articles were searched in Medline and Pubmed. Two reviewe...AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the staging of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery were selected. Articles were searched in Medline and Pubmed. Two reviewers independently searched and extracted data. Meta-analysis of the accuracy of EUS was analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. Pooling was conducted by both the Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed effects model) and DerSimonian Laird method (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was tested using Cochran’s Q test based upon inverse variance weights. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies (n = 2558) which met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of EUS to diagnose T1 was 81.6% (95% CI: 77.8-84.9) and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0-99.7), respectively. To diagnose T4, EUS had a pooled sensitivity of 92.4% (95% CI: 89.2-95.0) and specificity of 97.4% (95% CI: 96.6-98.0). With Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), sensitivity of EUS to diagnose N stage improved from 84.7% (95% CI: 82.9-86.4) to 96.7% (95% CI: 92.4-98.9). The P value for the χ2 test of heterogeneity for all pooled estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity in accurately diagnosing the TN stage of esophageal cancer. EUS performs better with advanced (T4) than early (T1) disease. FNA substantially improves the sensitivity and specificity of EUS in evaluating N stage disease. EUS should be strongly considered for staging esophageal cancer.展开更多
AIM: To find occult metastases during hepatectomy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM), contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CE-IOUS) was performed using a new microbubble agent, so...AIM: To find occult metastases during hepatectomy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM), contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CE-IOUS) was performed using a new microbubble agent, sonazoid, which provides a parenchyma-specific contrast image based on its accumulation in the Kupffer cells. METHODS: Eight patients with CRCLM underwent CE- IOUS using sonazoid before hepatectomy. The liver was investigated during a late Kupffer-phase imaging, which is a valuable characteristic of sonazoid. RESULTS: CE-IOUS using sonazoid provided the early vascular- and sinusoidal-phase images for 10 min followed by the late Kupffer-phase image up to 30 min after the injection of sonazoid. IOUS did not provide new findings of metastatic lesion in the 8 patients. However, during the late Kupffer-phase image of sonazoid, a metastatic lesion was newly found in two of the 8 patients. These newly detected lesions were removed by an additional hepatectomy and histopathologically diagnosed as a metastasis. CONCLUSION: CE-IOUS using sonazoid can allow surgeons to investigate the whole liver with enough time and to find new metastases intraoperatively.展开更多
AIM:To compare the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) with that of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). METHODS:Pubmed,Embase,Elsevier ScienceDirect,the China Academic Journals Full-text Database,and Cochrane Con...AIM:To compare the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) with that of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). METHODS:Pubmed,Embase,Elsevier ScienceDirect,the China Academic Journals Full-text Database,and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched for the trials comparing the yield of CE with that of DBE. Outcome measure was odds ratio (OR) of the yield. Fixed or random model method was used for data analysis. RESULTS:Eight studies (n = 277) which prospectively compared the yield of CE and DBE were collected. The results of meta-analysis indicated that there was no difference between the yield of CE and DBE 170/277 vs 156/277,OR 1.21 (95% CI:0.64-2.29). Based on sub analysis,the yield of CE was significantly higher than that of double-balloon enteroscopy without combination of oral and anal insertion approaches 137/219 vs 110/219,OR 1.67 (95% CI:1.14-2.44),P < 0.01),but not superior to the yield of DBE with combination of the two insertion approaches 26/48 vs 37/48,OR 0.33 (95% CI:0.05-2.21),P > 0.05). A focused meta-analysis of the fully published articles concerning obscure GI bleeding was also performed and showed similar results wherein the yield of CE was significantly higher than that of DBE without combination of oral and anal insertion approaches 118/191 vs 96/191,fixed model:OR 1.61 (95% CI:1.07-2.43),P < 0.05) and the yield of CE was significantly lower than that of DBE by oral and anal combinatory approaches 11/24 vs 21/24,fixed model:OR 0.12 (95% CI:0.03-0.52),P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:With combination of oral and anal approaches,the yield of DBE might be at least as high asthat of CE. Decisions made regarding the initial approach should depend on patient's physical status,technology availability,patient's preferences,and potential for therapeutic endoscopy.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Fundamental Work of National Science and Technology(2006FY110700)Program of Scientific and Technological Innovation of Yunnan Province(2007C0219Z)~~
文摘[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social economic conditions, living environment, types of agricultural resources and their use in the main inhabitances of Pumi people including Yulong, Ninglang, Lanping and Weixi County in Yunnan. [Result] There are certain differences in social and economic situations of the four counties, and the ecological environment is generally good. The main agricultural resources in villages under investigation include beans and coarse cereals, while there are certain differences among other agricultural resources due to their location. [Conclusion] The living environment of the main inhabitances of Pumi people in Yunnan is good and there are plenty and characteristic agricultural resources which have certain potentiality for development in the future.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the staging of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery were selected. Articles were searched in Medline and Pubmed. Two reviewers independently searched and extracted data. Meta-analysis of the accuracy of EUS was analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. Pooling was conducted by both the Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed effects model) and DerSimonian Laird method (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was tested using Cochran’s Q test based upon inverse variance weights. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies (n = 2558) which met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of EUS to diagnose T1 was 81.6% (95% CI: 77.8-84.9) and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0-99.7), respectively. To diagnose T4, EUS had a pooled sensitivity of 92.4% (95% CI: 89.2-95.0) and specificity of 97.4% (95% CI: 96.6-98.0). With Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), sensitivity of EUS to diagnose N stage improved from 84.7% (95% CI: 82.9-86.4) to 96.7% (95% CI: 92.4-98.9). The P value for the χ2 test of heterogeneity for all pooled estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity in accurately diagnosing the TN stage of esophageal cancer. EUS performs better with advanced (T4) than early (T1) disease. FNA substantially improves the sensitivity and specificity of EUS in evaluating N stage disease. EUS should be strongly considered for staging esophageal cancer.
文摘AIM: To find occult metastases during hepatectomy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM), contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CE-IOUS) was performed using a new microbubble agent, sonazoid, which provides a parenchyma-specific contrast image based on its accumulation in the Kupffer cells. METHODS: Eight patients with CRCLM underwent CE- IOUS using sonazoid before hepatectomy. The liver was investigated during a late Kupffer-phase imaging, which is a valuable characteristic of sonazoid. RESULTS: CE-IOUS using sonazoid provided the early vascular- and sinusoidal-phase images for 10 min followed by the late Kupffer-phase image up to 30 min after the injection of sonazoid. IOUS did not provide new findings of metastatic lesion in the 8 patients. However, during the late Kupffer-phase image of sonazoid, a metastatic lesion was newly found in two of the 8 patients. These newly detected lesions were removed by an additional hepatectomy and histopathologically diagnosed as a metastasis. CONCLUSION: CE-IOUS using sonazoid can allow surgeons to investigate the whole liver with enough time and to find new metastases intraoperatively.
文摘AIM:To compare the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) with that of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). METHODS:Pubmed,Embase,Elsevier ScienceDirect,the China Academic Journals Full-text Database,and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched for the trials comparing the yield of CE with that of DBE. Outcome measure was odds ratio (OR) of the yield. Fixed or random model method was used for data analysis. RESULTS:Eight studies (n = 277) which prospectively compared the yield of CE and DBE were collected. The results of meta-analysis indicated that there was no difference between the yield of CE and DBE 170/277 vs 156/277,OR 1.21 (95% CI:0.64-2.29). Based on sub analysis,the yield of CE was significantly higher than that of double-balloon enteroscopy without combination of oral and anal insertion approaches 137/219 vs 110/219,OR 1.67 (95% CI:1.14-2.44),P < 0.01),but not superior to the yield of DBE with combination of the two insertion approaches 26/48 vs 37/48,OR 0.33 (95% CI:0.05-2.21),P > 0.05). A focused meta-analysis of the fully published articles concerning obscure GI bleeding was also performed and showed similar results wherein the yield of CE was significantly higher than that of DBE without combination of oral and anal insertion approaches 118/191 vs 96/191,fixed model:OR 1.61 (95% CI:1.07-2.43),P < 0.05) and the yield of CE was significantly lower than that of DBE by oral and anal combinatory approaches 11/24 vs 21/24,fixed model:OR 0.12 (95% CI:0.03-0.52),P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:With combination of oral and anal approaches,the yield of DBE might be at least as high asthat of CE. Decisions made regarding the initial approach should depend on patient's physical status,technology availability,patient's preferences,and potential for therapeutic endoscopy.
