Spondyloarthropathies （SPA） are commonly observed extra-intestinal manifestations of both Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases （[BD）. However, t...Spondyloarthropathies （SPA） are commonly observed extra-intestinal manifestations of both Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases （[BD）. However, the immunological link between these two clinical entities is still poorly understood. Several lines of evidence indicate that SpA may originate from the relocation to the joints of the immune process primarily induced in the gut. The transfer of the intestinal inflammatory process into the joints implicates that immune cells activated in the gut-draining lymph nodes can localize, at a certain point of the intestinal disease, either into the gut or into the joints. This is indicated by the overlapping expression of adhesion molecules observed on the surface of intestinal and synovial endothelial cells during inflammation. Moreover bacterial antigens and HLA-B27 expression may be implicated in the reactivation of T cells at the articular level. Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that a T helper 17 cell-mediated immune response may contribute to IBD and IBD-related SpA with a crucial role played by tumor necrosis factor-α in CD and to a lesser extent in UC.展开更多
in Japan, the number of depression patients has markedly increased over the last 10 years, and depression is now a major social concern. Moreover, there are concerns that patients with depression are not always seekin...in Japan, the number of depression patients has markedly increased over the last 10 years, and depression is now a major social concern. Moreover, there are concerns that patients with depression are not always seeking the treatment they need, in part due to the stigma associated with the illness. Despite of increasing public awareness of depression, the stigma has not lessened, but has changed in form. Previous studies report that depression which was once viewed as a special psychiatric illness is now viewed as a ＂common＂ mental illness. The author, too, believes that the nature of the stigmatization has changed in recent years to become more complex and ultimately continues to present a barrier to treatment for people with depression. This study aims to explore how the stigmatization has changed by examining one specific aspect in society that may have contributed to this change, namely, the media＇s portrayal of depression. The author presents and discusses clear examples of how the Japanese media＇s portrayals of depression have changed, particularly over the last 20 to 30 years, and discusses how media influence could have contributed to the shifts in stigmatization, with reference to labeling theory and growing social isolation.展开更多
Small knife needle plus manual reduction method was used to treat the transverse process syndrome of the third lumbar vertebra. The small knife needle was adopted to loosen the third vertebra with little invasion and ...Small knife needle plus manual reduction method was used to treat the transverse process syndrome of the third lumbar vertebra. The small knife needle was adopted to loosen the third vertebra with little invasion and manual reduction method to remove adhesion by pulling back and forth. Among 859 cases treated, 652 cases were cured and 196 cases improved, with the total effective rate of 98.8%. It is indicated that small knife needle plus manual reduction method has positive effects on the transverse process syndrome of the third lumbar vertebra as well as other soft tissues injury.展开更多
文摘Spondyloarthropathies （SPA） are commonly observed extra-intestinal manifestations of both Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases （[BD）. However, the immunological link between these two clinical entities is still poorly understood. Several lines of evidence indicate that SpA may originate from the relocation to the joints of the immune process primarily induced in the gut. The transfer of the intestinal inflammatory process into the joints implicates that immune cells activated in the gut-draining lymph nodes can localize, at a certain point of the intestinal disease, either into the gut or into the joints. This is indicated by the overlapping expression of adhesion molecules observed on the surface of intestinal and synovial endothelial cells during inflammation. Moreover bacterial antigens and HLA-B27 expression may be implicated in the reactivation of T cells at the articular level. Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that a T helper 17 cell-mediated immune response may contribute to IBD and IBD-related SpA with a crucial role played by tumor necrosis factor-α in CD and to a lesser extent in UC.
文摘in Japan, the number of depression patients has markedly increased over the last 10 years, and depression is now a major social concern. Moreover, there are concerns that patients with depression are not always seeking the treatment they need, in part due to the stigma associated with the illness. Despite of increasing public awareness of depression, the stigma has not lessened, but has changed in form. Previous studies report that depression which was once viewed as a special psychiatric illness is now viewed as a ＂common＂ mental illness. The author, too, believes that the nature of the stigmatization has changed in recent years to become more complex and ultimately continues to present a barrier to treatment for people with depression. This study aims to explore how the stigmatization has changed by examining one specific aspect in society that may have contributed to this change, namely, the media＇s portrayal of depression. The author presents and discusses clear examples of how the Japanese media＇s portrayals of depression have changed, particularly over the last 20 to 30 years, and discusses how media influence could have contributed to the shifts in stigmatization, with reference to labeling theory and growing social isolation.
文摘Small knife needle plus manual reduction method was used to treat the transverse process syndrome of the third lumbar vertebra. The small knife needle was adopted to loosen the third vertebra with little invasion and manual reduction method to remove adhesion by pulling back and forth. Among 859 cases treated, 652 cases were cured and 196 cases improved, with the total effective rate of 98.8%. It is indicated that small knife needle plus manual reduction method has positive effects on the transverse process syndrome of the third lumbar vertebra as well as other soft tissues injury.
