CI-415W-40柴油发动机油在工程机械上的应用研究

工程机械发动机常常在长时间、超负荷、大功率、低速工况下工作,运行工况十分苛刻,选用合适的发动机油并进行定期换油保养是其正常工作的基本保障。针对工程机械使用工况复杂、对发动机油性能要求高的特点,研制了综合产品性能优异的CI-415W-40柴油发动机油。通过在重型工程机械上使用试验,结果表明,研制的CI-415W-40柴油发动机油与原用某进口品牌CI-415W-40柴油发动机油的性能相当,完全能够满足重型工程机械的润滑要求,换油周期可以达到500 h以上。工程机械OEM可放心进行进口CI-415W-40柴油发动机油的国产化替代,以降本增效,进一步提高市场竞争力。

大型柴油发动机油底壳预成形工艺设计及优化

由于新型大容量柴油发动机油底壳具有薄壁、大尺寸和非对称深腔的外观特征,传统的油底壳成形工艺已不适用。采用充液拉深成形工艺来成形最终胀形所用的坯料,工艺分为两步,先局部拉深,再整体拉深。借助有限元模拟软件建立计算模型,结合响应面法和正交试验法,探究凹模圆角半径、板/凸模间摩擦因数、板/凹模间摩擦因数、压边力和液压力等关键工艺参数对油底壳充液拉深的影响,并以最大减薄率和最大增厚率作为优化目标,得到最佳工艺参数组合。对最佳工艺参数组合进行试验验证,最终成功制成符合质量要求的新型龙门口式预成形件,最大减薄率与模拟结果基本吻合,验证了工艺方案的正确性和模拟仿真的可靠性。

约翰·迪尔油品介绍

随着约翰·迪尔拖拉机、发动机等农业机械在中国的广泛应用，其高性能、高效率、高可靠性表现得淋漓尽致，效益非常显著。但是有些用户为了节省一些保养费用，而使用非迪尔油品替代迪尔的专用油品，由于在质量与性能方面有差异，给机车造成了致命伤害，引起了一系列的故障，如废气量增多，烧机油，变速箱过滤器堵塞，甚至抱瓦等，缩短了使用寿命，使维修成本明显提高，用户无法承担。针对此情况，在这里把迪尔油品的特性做以介绍，以指导用户使用，给机车最好的呵护，减少机车故障，提高经济效益。

Simulation of DPM distribution in a long single entry with buoyancy effect

Diesel particulate matter(DPM) is considered carcinogenic after prolonged exposure. With more dieselpowered equipment used in underground mines, miners' exposure to DPM has become an increasing concern. This paper used computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method to study DPM distribution based on an experiment conducted by the Diesel Emissions Evaluation Program(DEEP) in Canada. Twenty-four cases were simulated where the emissions from both truck and load-haul-dumps(LHDs) were examined.Each vehicle was placed in two stream wise locations, and the vehicles were oriented either facing or with the rear end toward the main fresh airflow. A species transport model with buoyancy effect was then used to examine the DPM dispersion pattern. High DPM regions were identified downstream,around, and even upstream of diesel engines. This can provide guidelines for good working practices and selection of diesel emission reduction technologies underground.

Endurance Test of Biodiesel Fueled Tractor Engine

A diesel engine for tractor was tested for 250 hours of durability with biodiesel fuel of 100%. An engine test cycle was designed based on the ISO test code of off-road vehicle. Eight test conditions, combination of three engine speeds and eight engine loads, were applied to the engine endurance test, and the engine was operated for eight hours in a day. Power output, fuel consumption rate, exhaust gas quality and particulate matter （PM） were measured and discussed. For the extensive 250 hours of the tractor diesel engine endurance test no significant changes of power output, fuel consumption rate, exhaust gas quality and PM were monitored and authors could not find any difference in the engine patterns of the two fuels of BDF100 and light oil. During all the engine endurance test conditions, no abrupt stopping was encountered but because of temperature down by the cold season the endurance test could not carried out for some periods. PMs were collected and the average F＇M was 0.027 g/kw which was far below than Tier 4 diesel engine PM of 0.3 g/kw h defined by US EPA PM of the diesel engine clas,;. Overall even 100% biodiesel can be an alternative fuel for light oil for diesel engine operation with some considerations for cold sea：son use.

Research on the Impact of CeO2 -based Solid Solution Metal Oxide on Combustion Performance of Diesel Engine and Emissions

This paper mainly studies on the performance of high-speed diesel engines and emission reduction when the engine uses heavy oil mixed with nanometer-sized additives Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and Ce0.9 Zr0.1 O2.During the test,Indiset 620 combustion analyzer made by AVL,was used to make a real-time survey on the cylinder pressure,the fuel ignition moment,and establish a relation between the change trend of temperature in cylinder and the crank angle.For the engine burning heavy oil and heavy oil mixed with additives,combustion analysis software Indicom and Concerto were used to analyze its combustion process and emission conditions.Experimental investigation shows that nano-sized complex oxide can improve the performance of diesel engine fueled with heavy oil,and reduce the emission of pollutants like NOx and CO,comparing it with the pure heavy oil.According to the consequences of this experiment,the additives improve the overall performance in the use of heavy oil.

Use of Diesel Engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller to Achieve Fuel Savings for Inshore Fishing Boats

Fishing is a major local industry in Malaysia, particularly in rural areas. However, the rapidly increasing price of fuel is seriously affecting the industry＇s viability. At present, outboard petrol engines are the preferred choice for use in small-scale fishing boats because they deliver the advantages of high speed and low weight, they are easy to install, and they use minimal space. Petrol outboard engines are known to consume a greater amount of fuel than inboard diesel engines, but installing diesel engines with conventional submerged propellers in existing small-scale fishing boats is not economically viable because major hullform modifications and extra expenditure are required to achieve this. This study describes a proposal to enable reductions in fuel consumption by introducing the combined use of a diesel engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller （SPP）. An analysis of fuel consumption reduction is presented, together with an economic feasibility study. Resulting data reveal that the use of the proposed modifications would save 23.31 liters of fuel per trip （40.75%） compared to outboard motors, equaling annual savings of RM 3962 per year.

Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as Diesel Fuel and Improvement in Combustion and Emission

Due to high price of Straight Vegetable Oil （SVO） for bio-diesel production, the use of Waste Cooking Oil （WCO） will be cost effective. Furthermore, utilization of WCO will refrain waterways pollution and endanger ecosystem. In Malaysia, more than 50-tone of WCO from various sources was produced every day. This study evaluates combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of several WCOs with different sources. Modification on fuel properties has been done to improve the combustion and exhaust emission of using WCO as diesel fuel. Regular diesel fuel also has been used for comparison in the test. A 0.6 liter, single-cylinder, air-cooled direct injection diesel engine was used to perform this experiment. Experiment was done at variable engine loads at constant speed.

A Study on Conversion of Marine Diesel Engines Using Blended Palm Oil for Inland Waterway Vessels in Vietnam

The climate change and limitation of natural resources becomes main obstacle for the global economical development. So, the Vietnamese Government is very much concerned with reduction of harmful gas discharging from the inland-water way ships. To overcome the problems, there are many counter-measures proposed such as： renovation of machinery and equipment, using re-creative energy and so on. The author＇s idea is to find a suitable method which can be applied on board of the inland-water ships to reduce discharging toxic gas by using blended palm oil as alternative fuel for marine diesel engines. Due to some disadvantages of the bended palm oil in comparison with traditional DO （diesel oil）, such as： low freezing point, high viscosity, low stability of blended fue, therefore somehow, the blended palm oil must be made a ship directly on board. With this idea, the author has designed and made agitate mixing equipment working on-line with fuel supply system of a diesel engine. The mixing equipment, then, has been tested at shore-side laboratory as well as on board ships. The research results showed that the fuel mixture （palm oil-DO） made by this mixing equipment is fully usable to replace traditional DO for marine diesel engines installed on board ships of inland water way in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Government accepted the research results as prerequisite to devise specific and practical action plans to reduce the pollution from the inland water way ships in coming years.

Performance of Tractor Diesel Engine with Animal-Fats Biodiesel

Animal fats biodiesel were manufactured and tested for its performance in the tractor engine and fuel adoptability in the field works. Four different fuels, three different content of biodiesel （BD20, BD50 and BD100） and light oil, were prepared and tested in the four strokes diesel engine. Power output, fuel consumption rate and exhaust gases of the four fuels in the diesel engine were compared and discussed. Power output of light oil engine was the greatest showing 5.3% difference between light oil and BDI00. But, almost no power difference between light oil engine and BD20 engine, light oil engine produced 0.37% more power than BD20 engine superior to better power than BD20 engine. Less exhaust gases of CO2, CO, NOx and total hydrocarbon （THC） were produced from animal fats biodiesel than light oil, which confirmed that biodiesel is environmental friendly fuel. For fuel adoptability in the tractor, biodiesel engine tractor showed its fuel competitiveness comparing with light oil for tractor works in the paddy field.

Performances and emissions of a petroleum coke oil slurry engine

In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.

Investigation on Major Noise Sources of Vehicle Diesel Engine Based on Sound Intensity Measurement

In order to reduce the noise and vibration of the diesel engine,it is crucial to exactly identify the engine noise source character.Based on "two-microphone" method,the sound intensity measurement of a vehicle four-stroke diesel engine was carried out in a hemi-anechoic chamber.Then the sound intensity contour maps were obtained from the measurement results and the main noise components of different frequencies on all the measurement surfaces were picked out to construct contour maps.By analysizing the relationship between the characteristics of contour maps and the space distribution of the engine compartment,the major sources of the exterior radiation noise of the diesel engine were identified.The results provided a creditable basis for improving the noise performance of the engine in the next phase.

An experimental study on RP-3 jet fuel injection on a common rail injection system

RP-3 jet fuel could be an alternative fuel for diesel engines.In this study,the injection characteristics of RP-3jet fuel under single and split injection strategies were investigated and compared with diesel fuel.The experimental results indicate that RP-3 jet fuel has slightly shorter injection delay time than diesel fuel,but this difference is negligible in actual engine operations.Further,although the lower density and viscosity of RP-3 jet fuel lead to higher volumetric injection rates and cycle-based injection quantities,the cycle-based injection mass and the mass injection rates at the stable injection stage of RP-3 jet fuel are close to or slightly lower than those of diesel fuel.Based on these experimental observations,it could be concluded that fuel physical properties are the secondary factor influencing the injection characteristics in both single and split injection strategies,as RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel are taken for comparison.

Opacity Evaluation for Passenger Diesel Vehicle Cars in Tirana

The study includes both the estimation and evaluation of the gas smoke opacity exhausted by a diesel vehicle engine and the opacity control. The evaluation and estimations were accomplished by MAHA sottware. This research work has been focused in the evaluation of the opacity coefficient and the sources that can influence in opacity value of the vehicles used in Albania.

Renewable Fuels in a Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

A lack of petroleum could easily destabilize world-wide relations and lead to a major war. Also large oil reliant suppliers of such goods as plastics, heating oil and construction material would be at a loss for the necessary raw materials. Petroleum reliant power plants would be out of production and the transportation industry would have no gasoline for its vehicle. Apart from this, there is a big need for the protection of the environment. Therefore, it is important to replace the petroleum with non fossil fuels or ones that can be made to last a lot longer, such as the renewable fuels that can be used in the engines and are friendly to the environment too. This paper examines the use of diesel-soy oil mixtures and diesel-olive seed oil mixtures in a four-stroke diesel engine. For those mixtures the gas emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocarbons （HC） and nitrogen monoxide （NO） are being measured and the fuel consumption is also examined.

One of the Scenarios for Reduction the Emission of Pollutants from Motor Vehicle in the Territory of the Republic of Kosovo

Together with development of the industry, there is present a continuous increase number of motor vehicles that contributes to the growth of the emission of pollutants. This is the main reason that during eighties of the last century, a special attention has started to be paid on pollution emissions from vehicles. It is important to note that most of the current emissions are formed directly and are present in urban areas. The aim of this research was to determine the emission of pollutants in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo, when circulates more than 380,000 motor vehicles. Taking into consideration the daily traffic jam, and the fact that gasoline engines are responsible for most emissions of CO, while diesel engines for NOx emission, the conclusion arises that there is necessary a special dedication to the emission of pollutants and to the definition of the measures to reduce or control them. Based on the performed tests and realistic assessment of the overall situation in the Republic of Kosovo, the current situation on the amount of pollution was compared with development countries in the region as a matter in the research. The results obtained, suggest to the most important causes that increase pollutant emission from motor vehicles and offer actions to keep the same level or to reduce them.

Failure in Fuel Injector Nozzles Used in Diesel Engines

This paper aims to conduct a study of the problems associated with the wear of the needles and fuel injection nozzles utilized in diesel engines. The wear found on the needles is mainly associated to impurities in the fuel oil and microcavitation occurred due to high pressure in the phase of the air compression for combustion of the combustible fluid. These pressures associated with the temperature and the fluid velocity results in the occurrence of vaporization, which releases shock waves that cause damage to the affected surface. The impurities solid particles from the fuel oil cause problems inside the nozzles as obstruction of the holes and wear on the needle tip and nozzle seat surface. These failures affect in the atomization of the fuel, since the deterioration of the internal passages of the nozzles interferes in the spray formation and in the end passage of the fluid. For the execution of this study it will be used digital microscopic analysis in specimens that suffered damage, in order to investigate the effects of fuel property, and the temperature conditions and pressure in the formation of the wear on the needles and injector nozzle.

Waste Cooking Oil as a Substrate for Biodiesel Production

The effectiveness of adsorptive treatment of waste cooking oils was assessed in terms of suitability for biodiesel production. New technologies involving standard diesel engines have been developed using biofuel products from vegetable oils and waste animal fats based on environmental and economic considerations. The potential application of used rapeseed oil after treatment with a mixture of active carbon （AR） and magnesium silicate （MG） as energy source was studied. The results were compared with substrates standard in the Vogel＆Noot GmbH technology for the transesterification of oils and fats.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Tylosema Esculentum Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine： An Experimental Investigation

Biodiesel derived from indigenous feed stocks such as Tylosema esculentum kernel oil is deemed a feasible alternative to petroleum diesel for the diesel engine. This paper presents results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Tylosema biodiesel. In this investigation, Tylosema biodiesel was prepared, analyzed and compared with the performance of petroleum diesel fuel using a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine. The specific fuel consumption, engine torque, engine brake power, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were analyzed. The tests showed a decrease in engine brake power and torque with increase in engine load, while specific fuel consumption showed an increasing trend with maximum variation of 33% between the two fuels at engine load of 90%. Emission levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide showed an increasing trend with increase in load for both fuels. Tylosema biodiesel produced significantly lower concentrations of hydrocarbons than petroleum diesel, while levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were largely comparable to those of petroleum diesel. Soot production from combustion ofTylosema biodiesel was found to be approximately 98% lower than that from combustion of petroleum biodiesel, demonstrating insignificant contribution to environmental pollution.