Reliable service life data of building products are of great importance when completing environmental LCA （life cycle assessment） reviews, for LCC （life cycle costing） and for maintenance planning tasks. A researc...Reliable service life data of building products are of great importance when completing environmental LCA （life cycle assessment） reviews, for LCC （life cycle costing） and for maintenance planning tasks. A research project was set up to answer the following research questions： （1） what are reliable service life data of current used building products; and （2） how can generic data about the service lives of building products be tailored to specific project circumstances using the ＂factor method＂ described in the ISO （International Standard Organization） 15686 Series： ＂Buildings and Constructed Assets-Service-Life Planning＂. Experts of industry organisations for building materials and products made a final judgement of the new established reference service lives. Reference service lives of building products may show a large unknown bandwidth around the average. That will make the bandwidth of estimated service lives, taking the project situation of building components into account, very big. Experts have raised objections to the use the factor method for deriving mathematically a bandwidth of estimated service lives of a building product from the reference service life of the product. A practical analytical application of the factor method has been made by describing all factors and underlying criteria and a reference situation.展开更多
Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the inte...Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the international standards for the research institutions and quality management, namely, Good Research Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GRP-ICM) and Good Quality Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GQP-ICM). Methods: The document analysis, questionnaire, and experts' consultation were adopted to solicit the opinions on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management. A total of 74 experts from 22 countries and regions (including China) participated in the questionnaire survey, and 30 experts from 11 countries and regions received the consultations and interviews. Results: In the survey, 85.14% of the experts (63/74 experts)considered that it is necessary to establish the unified international standards; 90.00% appraised GRP-ICM excellent and 80.00% appraised GQP-ICM goods; and 93.10% thought that these two standards can be implemented or can be implemented after revision. Conclusion: This is a prospective study on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management, with a preliminary understanding of the basic framework, main contents and formulating principles. It lays a solid foundation for the establishment and implementation of the unified international standards for the research institutions and quality management.展开更多
文摘Reliable service life data of building products are of great importance when completing environmental LCA （life cycle assessment） reviews, for LCC （life cycle costing） and for maintenance planning tasks. A research project was set up to answer the following research questions： （1） what are reliable service life data of current used building products; and （2） how can generic data about the service lives of building products be tailored to specific project circumstances using the ＂factor method＂ described in the ISO （International Standard Organization） 15686 Series： ＂Buildings and Constructed Assets-Service-Life Planning＂. Experts of industry organisations for building materials and products made a final judgement of the new established reference service lives. Reference service lives of building products may show a large unknown bandwidth around the average. That will make the bandwidth of estimated service lives, taking the project situation of building components into account, very big. Experts have raised objections to the use the factor method for deriving mathematically a bandwidth of estimated service lives of a building product from the reference service life of the product. A practical analytical application of the factor method has been made by describing all factors and underlying criteria and a reference situation.
基金supported by a grant from National TCM Project Application in the 11th Five-Year Period (No.2006BAI21B00)
文摘Objective: In order to promote the construction of scientific research institutions of TCM in the world and to raise the vitality of the institutions, a prospective study has been done on the establishment of the international standards for the research institutions and quality management, namely, Good Research Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GRP-ICM) and Good Quality Practice - Institution of Chinese Medicine (GQP-ICM). Methods: The document analysis, questionnaire, and experts' consultation were adopted to solicit the opinions on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management. A total of 74 experts from 22 countries and regions (including China) participated in the questionnaire survey, and 30 experts from 11 countries and regions received the consultations and interviews. Results: In the survey, 85.14% of the experts (63/74 experts)considered that it is necessary to establish the unified international standards; 90.00% appraised GRP-ICM excellent and 80.00% appraised GQP-ICM goods; and 93.10% thought that these two standards can be implemented or can be implemented after revision. Conclusion: This is a prospective study on the establishment ofinternational standards for the research institutions and quality management, with a preliminary understanding of the basic framework, main contents and formulating principles. It lays a solid foundation for the establishment and implementation of the unified international standards for the research institutions and quality management.
