信度指的是测验结果的一致性程度或者可靠性程度,主要有重测信度、折半信度、复本信度、布郎校正公式和克隆巴赫提出的a系数等。信度指标的获取方法主要有:用Spearm an-B row n P rophecy Form u la计算折半信度;用克朗巴赫(C ronbach)...信度指的是测验结果的一致性程度或者可靠性程度,主要有重测信度、折半信度、复本信度、布郎校正公式和克隆巴赫提出的a系数等。信度指标的获取方法主要有:用Spearm an-B row n P rophecy Form u la计算折半信度;用克朗巴赫(C ronbach)的a系数估算信度;用库德.理查逊21(K uder R ichardson form u la 21)公式计算信度;用库德.理查逊20(K uder R ichardson form u la20)公式计算信度系数。分析和研究信度的计算方法,理解信度的含义,正确运用信度的概念,对提高语言测试的质量,改进语言测试设计十分重要。展开更多
Fission-Track Dating (FTD) has been developed as a useful technique for geological studies. Parent elements are measured by counting 235 U tracks induced by thermal neutrons. If insufficient thermalization occurs, fis...Fission-Track Dating (FTD) has been developed as a useful technique for geological studies. Parent elements are measured by counting 235 U tracks induced by thermal neutrons. If insufficient thermalization occurs, fission of 238 U and 232 Th will be induced, and further measurement error will be introduced. Therefore, whether the neutrons are well thermalized or not will affect the FTD results. Due to requirement of safe operation, the 101 reactor was terminated in 2007. By using the 492 reactor as the new thermal neutron reactor, our present paper will attempt to study the feasibility and the potential influence on FTD. By irradiating monitor glass SRM612 and CN5 in pairs, we will study the thermalization situation of the 492 reactor. Irradiated data show that thermal neutrons are not evenly distributed either in horizontal or in vertical dimension. Especially, horizontal heterogeneity is obvious. But we discovered that proper irradiation position in the reactor can meet the requirement of FTD. Under the current irradiation condition, we calculated and assessed the insufficient thermalization effects on determining fission-track ages. We found that the difference between the 232 Th/ 238 U ratios of samples and standards is the main factor to the experiment results. The results will not be affected if the 232 Th/ 238 U value of samples is equal to the standard samples. However, if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is larger than that of the standards, the results will be smaller than actual ages. Comparatively, the ages will be more than expected if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is less. Therefore, to reduce the irradiation error, we suggest either locating the position of irradiation strictly, or minimizing the influence of lateral heterogeneity by reducing the amount of each sample package. Additionally, accuracy of the experimental results can be improved by increasing standard samples to adjust ζ value and using the monitor of standard glass SRM612 and CN5 together.展开更多
文摘信度指的是测验结果的一致性程度或者可靠性程度,主要有重测信度、折半信度、复本信度、布郎校正公式和克隆巴赫提出的a系数等。信度指标的获取方法主要有:用Spearm an-B row n P rophecy Form u la计算折半信度;用克朗巴赫(C ronbach)的a系数估算信度;用库德.理查逊21(K uder R ichardson form u la 21)公式计算信度;用库德.理查逊20(K uder R ichardson form u la20)公式计算信度系数。分析和研究信度的计算方法,理解信度的含义,正确运用信度的概念,对提高语言测试的质量,改进语言测试设计十分重要。
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics (Grant No.LED2009A05)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41030317)
文摘Fission-Track Dating (FTD) has been developed as a useful technique for geological studies. Parent elements are measured by counting 235 U tracks induced by thermal neutrons. If insufficient thermalization occurs, fission of 238 U and 232 Th will be induced, and further measurement error will be introduced. Therefore, whether the neutrons are well thermalized or not will affect the FTD results. Due to requirement of safe operation, the 101 reactor was terminated in 2007. By using the 492 reactor as the new thermal neutron reactor, our present paper will attempt to study the feasibility and the potential influence on FTD. By irradiating monitor glass SRM612 and CN5 in pairs, we will study the thermalization situation of the 492 reactor. Irradiated data show that thermal neutrons are not evenly distributed either in horizontal or in vertical dimension. Especially, horizontal heterogeneity is obvious. But we discovered that proper irradiation position in the reactor can meet the requirement of FTD. Under the current irradiation condition, we calculated and assessed the insufficient thermalization effects on determining fission-track ages. We found that the difference between the 232 Th/ 238 U ratios of samples and standards is the main factor to the experiment results. The results will not be affected if the 232 Th/ 238 U value of samples is equal to the standard samples. However, if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is larger than that of the standards, the results will be smaller than actual ages. Comparatively, the ages will be more than expected if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is less. Therefore, to reduce the irradiation error, we suggest either locating the position of irradiation strictly, or minimizing the influence of lateral heterogeneity by reducing the amount of each sample package. Additionally, accuracy of the experimental results can be improved by increasing standard samples to adjust ζ value and using the monitor of standard glass SRM612 and CN5 together.
