汽车雷达应用系统的行人标准物标及其雷达截面测量(英文)

汽车雷达是汽车智能辅助系统(ADAS)中检测目标物的核心传感器。雷达截面(RCS)是评估汽车雷达性能的重要参数。该文根据雷达截面测试与标定原理,提出了一种用于雷达测试、代替行人的标准物标。以长度1 m、雷达截面0 dB以下的圆管为小物标,测试了雷达截面;分析了不同圆管的材料特性、尺寸、形状、倾斜角度等对雷达截面的影响;评价了各种测试物标对电波的反射和吸收特性。结果表明:使用该标准物标更易于测试ADAS系统的性能,可提高雷达对行人的检测能力。

Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and Field Trials

The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. Field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.

Development of Bio-fertilizer Standard in China and Establishment of Standard System

Over the past decade,national standard and industry standard of bio-fertilizer have been gradually established in China. Moreover,the microbial fertilizer standard system with Chinese characteristics has been firstly established by China in the world. Development of bio-fertilizer standard,especially the amplification and modification of bio-fertilizer product standard and the construction of bio-fertilizer standard system,etc. were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile,relative suggestions of existing problems were put forward.

Treatment of gasification effluent of fertilizer with biochemical united technology

Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.When the main equipment runs normally, thegasification effluent of fertilizer treated with the united technology reached the requirementby second-degree discharge standard of the'Discharge standard of water pollutants forsynthesize ammonia industry'.

Standards

China draft ＂Freight containers-RFID cargo shipment tag system＂ becomes ISO publicly criterion The criterion of Freight containers - RFID cargo shipment tag system （ISO/PAS 18186： 2010） was promulgated officially by the International Organization for Standardization （ISO） on July 1st, 2010,

Standards System and Evaluation Indicators System for Environmental Protection Products

Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy ＆ environmental kindly society building, as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion. Here, the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation, lower levels of standardization, and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization, seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry. The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments.

Urban Consumer Attitudes to Fresh Produce Safety in China

The objective of this study was to explain the determinants of the fresh vegetables purchase decision by Chinese urban consumers in Beijing including awareness and attitudes to food safety, and their willingness to pay （WTP） more for specific safety characteristics when buying fresh vegetables. The research rationale arises out of a history of food safety scares and scandals in China, and a national government response to promote quality assurance and safety through labelling. The primary hypothesis was that an understanding of food safety systems and product labelling, and trust in supply chain integrity would be key determinants in consumer willingness to purchase and pay more for safety assured vegetables. Based on a questionnaire survey of consumers in Beijing, the analysis found that the major factors underlying the purchase decision of fresh vegetables were product freshness, convenience and competitive price rather than assured product labelling. The decisions whether to purchase assurance-labelled vegetables and WTP more for chemical residue-free product were analysed by binomial and ordinal multinomial logit modelling respectively. It revealed a WTP moreof between 20% and 40%. Monthly household income was a key determinant of both quality assured product and WTP, together with degree of concern over residues, trust in retailer and assurance labels and place of purchase. The results suggest much still remains to be done to build trust though rigorous monitoring and enforcement of food safety standards to improve supply chain integrity and consumer confidence.

Water quality criteria for 4-nonylphenol in protection of aquatic life

Here reproduction and death toxicity data were selected for 4-nonylphenol based on endocrine disrupting properties of the re- productive system. Assessment factor （AF） and species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curve were employed to derive criteria maximum concentration （CMC） and criteria continuous concentration （CCC） of three different 4-nonylphenols for protection of aquatic life. The results showed that the CMC and CCC based on SSD method and death toxicity data for three different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 26.7, 13.6, 3.84μg L-1 and 8.86, 2.21, 0.97 μg L-1, respectively. Based on SSD and reproductive toxicity data, the CCC values of different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523） were 1.59 and 1.34μg L-l, respectively. The CCC values obtained by the AF for three different 4-nonylphenol （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 0.165, 1.03, 0.74 μg L -1 and 0.5, 0.5, 0.1μg L-1, respectively, based on death toxicity data and re- productive toxicity data. The CCC values obtained by AF were all lower than the corresponding criteria values obtained by SSD, and the CCC values based on reproductive toxicity data were less than those based on the death toxicity data. This study provides a useful method for deriving water quality criteria for endocrine disruptors.

Sexual selection and incipient speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila

We conducted sexual selection experiments to produce strains with high and low mating discrimination in females of laboratory strains of Hawaiian Drosophila, D.silvestris, then examined secondary sexual traits of these two lines, and compared them with that of standard line. In order to do this, we screened out super-males which mated successfully with females and with high mating records;and poor males which usually could not mate successfully with females and had low mating records. In the meantime,choosy females were also screened out, which almost never responded to males' nuptial dance and were difficult to be mated; but indiscriminate females were on the contrary,which were very ready to accept male's nuptial dance and were very easy to be mated. As a result, by mating supermales with choosy females, we were able to produce the high-line strain; similarly, for the low line, we mated poor males with indiscriminate females and we had a strain that was significantly different from our standard strain within just two generations of selection, i.e., morphological trait differences were measured between the standard strain and the two selected lines, which indicated that mating discrimination has affected secondary sexual traits of the lowline strain significantly: Cilia number on the foretibia of low-line males is significantly different from that of the standard line, which perhaps was the indication of incipient speciation in Hawaiian Drosophila.