Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth ...Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth is being used in various forms by tribes and natives of the area for centuries. These gain further importance due to the fact that ripe fruits serve as a source of food and medicine to tribes throughout the year. These wild fruits are source of minerals and vitamins in the diet of the rural people. The potential productivity and floristic diversity of the area have attracted the experts. There are more than 50 wild edible fruit species are available in Western Ghats region. These belong to 25 families and 38 genera. Out of the 25 families, the important ones as a source of fruits are Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae and Sapindaceae. The fruiting period of different species ranges between two and six months. The highest number of species mature from April to May. The availability of these fruits reduces after October. Some of these fruits, such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carissa carandas, Emblica officinalis and Syzygium cuminii, have been given emphasis in order to identify high yield and high fruit quality clones and standardization of production technologies. The collection, conservation and utilization on some of the fruits, such as Garcinia indica and Garcinia gummigutta have started at various research organizations. Some other fruits, namely Chrysophyllum roxburghii （Family Sapotaceae）, Canthium parviflora Lamk syn. Plectronia parviflora （Lam.） Bedd. （Family Rubiaceae）, Elaeagnus conferta Roxbsyn, Elaeagnus latifolia L. （Family Elaeagnaceae）, Securina leucopyrus syn. Flueggea leucopyrus （Family Euphorbiaceae）, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. （Family Elaeocarpaceae）, Nephelium stipulacum Bedd. syn. Doratoxylon stipulatum （Family Sapindaceae） have potential for commercial cultivation. Thus, attempts were made with the objective of recording availability of these species, proximate analysis and their on farm and off farm conservation at Central Horticultural Experiment Station （CHES）. Few plants were also provided to local growers on farm conservation. The continuous depletion of forest and the increasing human disturbance resulted in losses of these species. There is need to conserve these fruits for future.展开更多
We propose an efficient numerical method for two population models, based on the nonstandard finite difference （NSFD） schemes and composition methods with complex time steps. The NSFD scheme is able to give positive...We propose an efficient numerical method for two population models, based on the nonstandard finite difference （NSFD） schemes and composition methods with complex time steps. The NSFD scheme is able to give positive numerical solutions that satisfy the conservation law, which is a key property for biological population models. The accuracy is improved by using the composition methods with complex time steps. Numerical tests on the plankton nutrient model and whooping cough model are presented to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed numerical method.展开更多
文摘Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth is being used in various forms by tribes and natives of the area for centuries. These gain further importance due to the fact that ripe fruits serve as a source of food and medicine to tribes throughout the year. These wild fruits are source of minerals and vitamins in the diet of the rural people. The potential productivity and floristic diversity of the area have attracted the experts. There are more than 50 wild edible fruit species are available in Western Ghats region. These belong to 25 families and 38 genera. Out of the 25 families, the important ones as a source of fruits are Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae and Sapindaceae. The fruiting period of different species ranges between two and six months. The highest number of species mature from April to May. The availability of these fruits reduces after October. Some of these fruits, such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carissa carandas, Emblica officinalis and Syzygium cuminii, have been given emphasis in order to identify high yield and high fruit quality clones and standardization of production technologies. The collection, conservation and utilization on some of the fruits, such as Garcinia indica and Garcinia gummigutta have started at various research organizations. Some other fruits, namely Chrysophyllum roxburghii （Family Sapotaceae）, Canthium parviflora Lamk syn. Plectronia parviflora （Lam.） Bedd. （Family Rubiaceae）, Elaeagnus conferta Roxbsyn, Elaeagnus latifolia L. （Family Elaeagnaceae）, Securina leucopyrus syn. Flueggea leucopyrus （Family Euphorbiaceae）, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. （Family Elaeocarpaceae）, Nephelium stipulacum Bedd. syn. Doratoxylon stipulatum （Family Sapindaceae） have potential for commercial cultivation. Thus, attempts were made with the objective of recording availability of these species, proximate analysis and their on farm and off farm conservation at Central Horticultural Experiment Station （CHES）. Few plants were also provided to local growers on farm conservation. The continuous depletion of forest and the increasing human disturbance resulted in losses of these species. There is need to conserve these fruits for future.
文摘We propose an efficient numerical method for two population models, based on the nonstandard finite difference （NSFD） schemes and composition methods with complex time steps. The NSFD scheme is able to give positive numerical solutions that satisfy the conservation law, which is a key property for biological population models. The accuracy is improved by using the composition methods with complex time steps. Numerical tests on the plankton nutrient model and whooping cough model are presented to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed numerical method.
