针对武器装备供应商选择问题,提出了一种基于灰色群组(grey group clustering,GGC)和改进标准间冲突性相关性(improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,ICRITIC)组合赋权的扩展多属性妥协解(VIKOR)决策方法。...针对武器装备供应商选择问题,提出了一种基于灰色群组(grey group clustering,GGC)和改进标准间冲突性相关性(improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,ICRITIC)组合赋权的扩展多属性妥协解(VIKOR)决策方法。采用考虑决策专家意见差异程度的群层次分析法对供应商初选指标体系进行降维遴选,构建武器装备供应商优选指标体系;结合GGC和ICRITIC组合赋权方法确定主客观权重,并设计权偏好系数进行加法组合赋权;基于VIKOR决策方法集结备选供应商折衷排序值。针对不同折衷系数、排序方法和赋权方法从决策灵活性和稳定性两个维度进行对比分析,验证所提方法的有效性。展开更多
The autocorrelation of a Boolean function possesses the capability to reflect such characteristics as linear structure, Strict Avalanche Criterion(SAC) and Propagation Criterion(PC)of degree k. But it can do nothing i...The autocorrelation of a Boolean function possesses the capability to reflect such characteristics as linear structure, Strict Avalanche Criterion(SAC) and Propagation Criterion(PC)of degree k. But it can do nothing in determining the order of SAC or PC. A calculating table for the autocorrelation is constructed in this paper so as to show what is beyond the autocorrelation and how the three cryptographic characteristics are exhibited. A deeper study on the calculating table in a similar way has helped us to develop a new concept, named as the general autocorrelation, to address efficiently the problem how to determine the orders of SAC and PC. The application on the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) shows the SAC and PC characteristics of Boolean functions of AES S-box.展开更多
Carbon emissions from buildings account for approximately half of China’s total social carbon emissions.Focusing only on the carbon emissions of building operation tends to neglect the carbon emissions of other relat...Carbon emissions from buildings account for approximately half of China’s total social carbon emissions.Focusing only on the carbon emissions of building operation tends to neglect the carbon emissions of other related parts of the building sector,thus slowing down the progress of carbon peaking in the building sector.By applying life-cycle analysis to calculate carbon emissions throughout the building’s life cycle,the performance of carbon emissions at each stage of building materials,construction,operation and end-of-life demolition can be identified,so that carbon reduction strategies in building design can be selected..This paper constructed a method for calculating the carbon emissions of green buildings in whole-building life cycle,and conducted a summary analysis of the carbon emissions of 33 projects that were awarded green building certification.The study found that the Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings has a significant effect on reducing the carbon emissions of buildings in whole-building life cycle.Compared with the current average operational carbon emissions of buildings in China,the carbon intensity of green public buildings is 41.43%lower under this standard and the carbon intensity of green residential buildings is 13.99%lower.A carbon correlation analysis of the provisions of the current Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings was conducted,comparing the changes in the carbon intensity of buildings before and after the revision of the standards.The study concluded that the new version of the standards has a greater impact on public buildings than residential buildings,the requirement of carbon emission reduction in the production stage of building materials is strengthened in terms of carbon emission during the whole-building life cycle.This study addresses the current problem of unclear carbon emission reduction effect of green buildings.展开更多
文摘针对武器装备供应商选择问题,提出了一种基于灰色群组(grey group clustering,GGC)和改进标准间冲突性相关性(improved criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,ICRITIC)组合赋权的扩展多属性妥协解(VIKOR)决策方法。采用考虑决策专家意见差异程度的群层次分析法对供应商初选指标体系进行降维遴选,构建武器装备供应商优选指标体系;结合GGC和ICRITIC组合赋权方法确定主客观权重,并设计权偏好系数进行加法组合赋权;基于VIKOR决策方法集结备选供应商折衷排序值。针对不同折衷系数、排序方法和赋权方法从决策灵活性和稳定性两个维度进行对比分析,验证所提方法的有效性。
基金Partially supported by the National 973 Project(G1999035803)National 863 Project (2002AA143021)the National Cryptography Development Funds for the Tenth Fiveyear Project
文摘The autocorrelation of a Boolean function possesses the capability to reflect such characteristics as linear structure, Strict Avalanche Criterion(SAC) and Propagation Criterion(PC)of degree k. But it can do nothing in determining the order of SAC or PC. A calculating table for the autocorrelation is constructed in this paper so as to show what is beyond the autocorrelation and how the three cryptographic characteristics are exhibited. A deeper study on the calculating table in a similar way has helped us to develop a new concept, named as the general autocorrelation, to address efficiently the problem how to determine the orders of SAC and PC. The application on the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) shows the SAC and PC characteristics of Boolean functions of AES S-box.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2020YFE0200300).
文摘Carbon emissions from buildings account for approximately half of China’s total social carbon emissions.Focusing only on the carbon emissions of building operation tends to neglect the carbon emissions of other related parts of the building sector,thus slowing down the progress of carbon peaking in the building sector.By applying life-cycle analysis to calculate carbon emissions throughout the building’s life cycle,the performance of carbon emissions at each stage of building materials,construction,operation and end-of-life demolition can be identified,so that carbon reduction strategies in building design can be selected..This paper constructed a method for calculating the carbon emissions of green buildings in whole-building life cycle,and conducted a summary analysis of the carbon emissions of 33 projects that were awarded green building certification.The study found that the Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings has a significant effect on reducing the carbon emissions of buildings in whole-building life cycle.Compared with the current average operational carbon emissions of buildings in China,the carbon intensity of green public buildings is 41.43%lower under this standard and the carbon intensity of green residential buildings is 13.99%lower.A carbon correlation analysis of the provisions of the current Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings was conducted,comparing the changes in the carbon intensity of buildings before and after the revision of the standards.The study concluded that the new version of the standards has a greater impact on public buildings than residential buildings,the requirement of carbon emission reduction in the production stage of building materials is strengthened in terms of carbon emission during the whole-building life cycle.This study addresses the current problem of unclear carbon emission reduction effect of green buildings.
