连续超长切片在胃肠活检病理标本制片中的应用

胃肠镜检查是目前发现胃肠道肿瘤及癌前病变最简便、最安全、最有效的方法，胃肠活检病理是诊断该类疾病的金标准。工作中，活体胃肠活检标本较小，在石蜡包埋中，一般采用6～8张切面铺片仅有限覆盖病变，造成小标本诊断信息丢失，影响诊断医师准确而全面的病理诊断；为呈现最大限度覆盖病变，避免造成小标本表浅病变诊断信息丢失。胃肠活检病理采用三段连续超长切片，行全切片铺片，最大限度覆盖病变，避免造成小标本诊断信息丢失。现将具体方法总结如下。

提高病理大标本制片速度的试验与研究

目的 :改进普通石蜡制片方法 ,提高病理大标本的制片速度。方法 :对普通石蜡制片程序进行改进 ,用AAF液替代甲醛固定 ,将固定后的标本放入含有 10ml无水酒精的试管中离心 ,在真空干燥箱内减压浸蜡。对同一标本分别采用提速法和普通石蜡切片法制片 ,进行对照观察。结果 :标本固定用 30min ,脱水 10 0min ,浸蜡 12 0min ,切片薄而完整 ,完全符合诊断要求。结论 :从开始制片到做出病理诊断 ,全过程为 6h ,比普通石蜡制片方法提前了 6 6h ,诊断准确可靠。

用风油精预处理制备植物染色体标本的新方法

目前,在植物细胞染色体的研究工作中,常用的染色体预处理药物为秋水仙素、对二氯苯、α-溴萘和8-羟基喹啉等。我们经过多次对水稻、绿豆等小型染色体植物的摸索,发现风油精也可作为一种新的植物染色体预处理药物。水稻、绿豆的根尖经风油精预处理后,可以省去常规的酸解压片和酶解去壁低渗步骤而直接捣碎涂片,制得的标本可获得良好的染色体图象。我们将这一方法称为风油精法。何凤发等将此法加以改进应用于高梁、芝麻和荞麦等小型染色体植物中也得到了满意的结果。因而,风油精法比较适合于小型染色体植物的染色体标本制备。本文介绍这一新方法。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid-state recycling process from chips

AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by three solid-state recycling processes including cold-pressing,hot-pressing followed by hot extrusion and double extrusion.Microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled specimens and reference specimens were compared.For the recycled specimen by cold-pressing,the grains are refined to a large extent during hot extrusion due to the presence of twins and high density dislocation.The recycled specimens by hot-pressing and double extrusion do not exhibit finer grain than that the recycled specimen by cold-pressing.Consequently,higher ultimate tensile strength of the recycled specimen by hot-pressing and double extrusion is not achieved.For hot pressing process,more compact billet lowers the porosity in recycled material,so elongation to failure of the recycled specimen increases.The recycled specimen fabricated by double extrusion process shows slightly higher elongation than the reference specimen.The second extrusion makes the oxides further crush and distribute more dispersedly,and minimizes porosity,which is responsible for the improved ductility.