标表性人格权

标表性人格权属于人格权的组成部分,从这一角度而言,其具有"人"的属性,而姓名、肖像等标表性人格符号,其又不同于生命、健康等对于维护人格完整而言具有内在性、基础性的具体人格权,标表性人格符号的可支配性使其在权利性质上财产性至为明显。而正是标表性人格权的可支配性浓郁,可将授权者与被授权者之间就某一特定的标表性人格标识签订的许可使用合同认定为准物权性质的合同。

人格权保护禁令中“难以弥补的损害”的类型化认定

在人格权保护禁令制度的适用中,“难以弥补的损害”的认定存在困难。从现有制度来看,行为保全和知识产权禁令中都涉及人格权的内容,在认定“难以弥补的损害”时均采用类型区分的方式。这种方式值得借鉴。不同的人格权损害类型会影响“难以弥补”的判断标准。以可能遭受的损害为标准进行区分,人格权可以划分为三类来认定“难以弥补的损害”:对于物质性人格权,应判断是否有造成人身伤亡后果的可能;对于精神性人格权,应判断是否具有造成一定严重程度的精神损害的可能;对于标表性人格权,应区分对待精神利益和财产利益,纯粹的财产损失无须适用禁令。

EST-SSR Marker-based Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rhododendron simsii Germplasm in Guifeng Mountain

Rhododendron simsii（Ericaeae：Rhododendron） has high ornamental value and ecological value.In this study,7 pairs of novel EST-SSR markers were developed from the genomic sequence of R.simsii,and they were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 32 natural R.simsii samples from Guifeng Mountain,Hubei Province.Results showed that a total of 31 polymorphic bands were amplified with allele number per locus of 4.43.Mean values of heterozygosity（Ho） and expected heterozygosity（He） were 0.679 58 and 0.723 14,respectively.This research will not only enrich the existing SSR database,but also lay a foundation for subsequent studies about molecular marker-assisted breeding,genetic diversity analysis,genetic structure analysis and phylogenetic analysis.

Simplest Normal Forms of Generalized Neimark-Sacker Bifurcation

The normal forms of generalized Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are extensively studied using normal form theory of dynamic system. It is well known that if the normal forms of the generalized Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are expressed in polar coordinates, then all odd order terms must, in general, remain in the normal forms. In this paper, five theorems are presented to show that the conventional Neimark-Sacker bifurcation can be further simplified. The simplest normal forms of generalized Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are calculated. Based on the conventional normal form, using appropriate nonlinear transformations, it is found that the generalized Neimark-Sacker bifurcation has at most two nonlinear terms remaining in the amplitude equations of the simplest normal forms up to any order. There are two kinds of simplest normal forms. Their algebraic expression formulas of the simplest normal forms in terms of the coefficients of the generalized Neimark-Sacker bifurcation systems are given.

A New Nonlinear Yield Criterion

Many experimental results show that a wide class of ductile materials obey often nonlinear behavior, thus it is important to propose a nonlinear criterion describing nonlinear behavior of ductile material. A new nonlinear yield criterion was proposed which gives a series of new failure criteria, establishes a relationship among various failure criteria, and encompasses previous yield criteria as special cases or approximations. The criterion is capable of being expressed in a simple mathematical expression and through a particular physical concept, it also agree with some experimental data. It may therefore serve as a possible admissible isotropic yield criterion.

Genetic Similarity Analysis of Hunan Rice Landraces with Same or Similar Name in Household and Genebank Conservations

This study was conducted to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic similarity or diversity of rice （Oryza sativa L.） landraces in household and hypothermic genebank conservations in Hunan Province and identify the genetic distance between the rice landraces with the same or similar names. A total of 92 accessions of rice landraces were divided into seven groups according to their local names, but the morphological traits showed large variations even within the same group as well as between household and genebank conservations. The SSR marker analysis showed that, in all the groups except Group E, the allelic variations within each subgroup of the household conservation were less than those of the genebank conservation, indicating the household-conserved rice landraces’ many-generation purifcation from natural and artifcial selections in the process of their cultivation year after year; and the similarity coeffcient among the household rice landraces was the highest except for Groups C and E. Thus, the study suggested that the same-name or similar-name rice resources retained by farmers would be valuable for collection and evaluation.

Unified Framework of Performing Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging

The paper proposes a unified framework to combine the advantages of the fast one-at-a-time approach and the high-performance all-at-once approach to perform Chinese Word Segmentation(CWS) and Part-of-Speech(PoS) tagging.In this framework,the input of the PoS tagger is a candidate set of several CWS results provided by the CWS model.The widely used one-at-a-time approach and all-at-once approach are two extreme cases of the proposed candidate-based approaches.Experiments on Penn Chinese Treebank 5 and Tsinghua Chinese Treebank show that the generalized candidate-based approach outperforms one-at-a-time approach and even the all-at-once approach.The candidate-based approach is also faster than the time-consuming all-at-once approach.The authors compare three different methods based on sentence,words and character-intervals to generate the candidate set.It turns out that the word-based method has the best performance.

Incompressible Surfaces in Almost Alternating Link Exteriors

In this paper, we discuss mainly the properties of incompressible pairwise incomprcssiblc surfaccs in ahnost altcrnating link complcmcnts. Lct L bc a almost link and lct F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible surface in S^3 - L. First, we give the properties that the surface F intersects with 2-spheres in S^3- L. The intersection consisting of a collection of circles and saddle-shaped discs is called a topological graph. One can compute the Euler Characteristic number of the surface by calculating the characteristic number of the graph. Next, we prove that if the graph is special simple, then the genus of the surface is zero.

Advances in individual markers of interferon in anti-cancer therapy

Interferon （IFN） is a cytokine with various biological functions, including antivirus, immunoregulation and anti- tumor. It has been wildly used in many anti-cancer therapies, including malignant melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ad- vanced renal-cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia and AIDS-related Kaposi＇s sarcoma. However, its effective dose is always very high, which may bring some serious side effects, nevertheless, not all patients can benefit from the IFN therapy. So a problem we have faced is that how to improve the efficiency and sensitivity of IFN？ To solve this problem, many studies have been launched to find the effective prognostic factors and individual biomarkers for guiding the treatment better. In addition, further clarifying the anti-tumor mechanisms of IFN is benefit for explaining how the biomark- ers predict prognosis of patients. In recent studies, many IFN associated genes and proteins predicting sensitivity of IFN therapy have been found, which may associate with the progression of cancer, such as IFN regulatory factor （IRF）, IFNAR2 mRNA, microRNA, IFITM-I. Some factors in peripheral blood are easier to detect and have the potential to been popularized in clinical practice, such as CD8^high CD57^＋ lymphocyte levels in malignant melanoma, serum IFNAR2 mRNA in mCRC. This review briefly summarized the advances of antitumorally individual markers of IFN.

Clinical study of FOLFOX4 regimen for patients of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:The aim of our study was to observe the efficiency and toxicity of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) combined with CF/5-FU in patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Twenty patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma had recurrence/metastasis after multiple courses of TACE (cisplatin and epirubicin,etc.).All patients were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen of the combination of oxaliplatin and leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil.Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable adverse effects occurred.The efficiency was evaluated according to RECIST criteria,and toxicities according to American National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC),respectively.Results:Twenty patients were assessable for the objective efficiency and for toxicity.No patient achieved complete response (CR),4 patients were partial response (PR),8 patients were stable disease (SD),8 patients were disease progression (PD);Time to tumor progression (TTP) of the patients ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 months,median TTP was 2.2 months;Overall survival (OS) of the patients ranged from 3 to 10.2 months,median OS was 5 months.The 2 patients' serum AFP level decreasing.Sixteen patients relieved the symptoms obviously,stabilized or raised up Karnofsky Score.The toxicities were mainly grade I-II arrest of bone marrow (50%),mild neurotoxicity (30%) and mild reaction of gastrointestinal tract (40%).Conclusion:FOLFOX4 regimen is effective and safe for patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma.It can be worthy of further clinical investigation.

EST analysis of Prorocentrum donghaiense with emphasis on genes involved in PCD

Prorocentrum donghaiense has caused large-scale red tides off the Chinese coast in recent years. Expressed sequence tag （EST） analysis was carried out for this dinoflagellate in order to identify the functional genes involved in its biological processes. A cDNA library was constructed for P. donghaiense at exponential growth phase, and 565 usable sequencing reads were obtained from 700 clones selected randomly. Messenger RNA corresponding reads were clustered into 36 contigs and 272 singletons （EST groups）. Twenty-two EST groups were found to tag the genes involved in diverse biological processes including programmed cell death （PCD）. Two EST groups showed significant homologies with the encoding genes of cysteine protease （caspase） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively, two key proteins involved in PCD.

Typical Surface Seasonal Circulation in the Indian Ocean Derived from Argos Floats

This study investigates the surface circulation in the Indian Ocean using Argos float data over the period 1979-2011.The Argos observations manifest some new phenomena.The climatological annual mean circulation shows that the surface current becomes much stronger after turning around in shore in the western Indian Ocean.In the tropical Indian Ocean,the Great Whirl(GW) to the east of Somalia develops quickly in spring(April-May) as the monsoon reverses to move northward,becoming strongest in summer(June-September) and disappearing in autumn(October-November).The west end of the Agulhas retroflection can reach 18°E,and it exhibits a seasonal variation.At approximately 90°E,the Agulhas Return Current combines with the eastward South Atlantic Current and finally joins the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

Influence of Mechanical Grinding on the Interface Characteristics of Rice/Wheat Straws

The mechanical grinding method was used to make rice and wheat straw flakes and the properties of the interface of straws before and after grinding were evaluated. The particle boards were prepared using two kinds of straw flakes, respectively and their physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the rice straw was easier to be broken when compared with wheat straw and the inner surface of cells in grinded straws was exposed remarkably. The characteristic peaks of lignin and cellulose on the surface of wheat straw were more significant than rice straw. The free-radical concentrations of straws were increased dramatically after being grinded with heating in the range from I00 ~C to 200 ~C. The surface free energy of straws was also improved after being grinded and the value in wheat straw was higher than that of rice straw, which implies that wheat straw was easier to be bonded than rice straw. The physical and mechanical properties of two kinds of straw particle boards could achieve the requirements of Chinese National Standards of GB 4897.3-2003, while wheat straw particle boards had better properties than those made from rice straws.

A DISCRETE-TIME Geo/G/1 RETRIAL QUEUE WITH J-VACATION POLICY AND GENERAL RETRIAL TIMES

The authors discuss a discrete-time Geo/G/1 retrial queue with J-vacation policy and general retrial times.As soon as the orbit is empty,the server takes a vacation.However,the server is allowed to take a maximum number J of vacations,if the system remains empty after the end of a vacation.If there is at least one customer in the orbit at the end of a vacation,the server begins to serve the new arrivals or the arriving customers from the orbit.For this model,the authors focus on the steady-state analysis for the considered queueing system.Firstly,the authors obtain the generating functions of the number of customers in the orbit and in the system.Then,the authors obtain the closed-form expressions of some performance measures of the system and also give a stochastic decomposition result for the system size.Besides,the relationship between this discrete-time model and the corresponding continuous-time model is also investigated.Finally,some numerical results are provided.

Systematic study of human long intergenic non-coding RNAs and their impact on cancer

The functional impact of several long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) has been characterized in previous studies. However, it is difficult to identify lincRNAs on a large-scale and to ascertain their functions or predict their structures in laboratory experiments because of the diversity, lack of knowledge and specificity of expression of lincRNAs. Furthermore, although there are a few well-characterized examples of lincRNAs associated with cancers, these are just the tip of the iceberg owing to the complexity of cancer. Here, by combining RNA-Seq data from several kinds of human cell lines with chromatin-state maps and human expressed sequence tags, we successfully identified more than 3000 human lincRNAs, most of which were new ones. Subsequently, we predicted the functions of 105 lincRNAs based on a coding-non-coding gene co-expression network. Finally, we propose a genetic mediator and key regulator model to unveil the subtle relationships between lincRNAs and lung cancer. Twelve lincRNAs may be principal players in lung tumorigenesis. The present study combines large-scale identification and functional prediction of human lincRNAs, and is a pioneering work in characterizing cancer-associated lincRNAs by bioinformatics.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

TYPES OF ARTICLES1.Research articles Research articles belong to the full length article type,and should include elements as follows：title,running title,and byline;correspondent footnote;abstract and keywords;introduction;materials and methods;results;discussion;acknowledgements;compliance;author contributions;references;figure legends and figures/tables.

Influence of laser geometric morphology type on Si C surface wettability

To obtain effective surface morphology to control surface wettability, this work investigated the influence of protuberant and concave morphology, which are respectively represented by circle-dimpled and micro-square-convex morphology, on surface wettability. The geometric morphologies were processed on silicon carbide （SIC） surfaces by a laser-marking machine, and surface wettability was monitored by the measurement of contact angles using the sessile drop method. Correlation analysis between contact angles and morphology parameters was conducted to determine the extent of influence. The results showed that the circle-dimpled diameter had a signific^mt influence on surface wettability, whereas grooved width did not. Additionally the depth of dimples and grooves exerted less influence on controlling wetting behaviors. In addition, surface wettability transformed from a superhydrophilic state to a hydrophobic state on micro-square-convex surfaces; contact angles on cir- cle-dimpled surfaces showed a relatively slow transformation, though the surface wettability also underwent the state change.

How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation？

Speciation research has seen a renewed interest in ecological speciation, which emphasises divergent ecological se- lection leading to the evolution of reproductive isolation. Selection from divergent ecologies means that phenotypic plasticity can play an important role in ecological speciation. Phenotypic plasticity involves the induction of phenotypes over the lifetime of an organism and emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic marks such as cytosine and protein （histone） modifications might regu- late such environmental induction. Epigenetic marks play a wide role in a variety of processes including development, sex dif- ferentiation and allocation, sexual conflict, regulation of transposable elements and phenotypic plasticity. Here we describe recent studies that investigate epigenetic mechanisms in a variety of contexts. There is mounting evidence for environmentally induced epigenetic variation and for the stable inheritance of epigenetic marks between generations. Thus, epigenetically-based pheno- typic plasticity may play a role in adaptation and ecological speciation. However, there is less evidence for the inheritance of in- duced epigenetic variation across multiple generations in animals. Currently few studies of ecological speciation incorporate the potential for the involvement of epigenetically-based induction of phenotypes, and we argue that this is an important omission [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 686-696, 2013 ].

Lax Triad Approach to Symmetries of Scalar Modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Hierarchy

By means of Lax triads we reconstruct isospectral and nonisospectral scalar modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mKP) hierarchies. In this approach the argument y is treated as an independent variable which is independent of time parameters {t_1, t_2,...}. Consequently, the isospectral and nonisospectral scalar mKP flows can have clear zero curvature representations, which enables us to handle investigation of symmetries of the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy as freely as for(1+1)-dimensional systems. As a result, we obtain Lie algebraic structures of the scalar mKP flows and construct symmetries for the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy.