利用标记谱分区摄谱方法研究

利用汞光谱简单而又分布于整个可见光区的特点,作为标记谱,辅助标准铁光谱,先按顺序分区再识谱(读谱)。该方法使得应用棱镜摄谱仪进行摄谱、读谱变得简单、准确,大大节省了时间,实验设备同时也简化。

俄罗斯蜜蜂保种群的遗传标识码:基因组微卫星标记谱图

俄罗斯蜜蜂是欧洲人大约在十九世纪中期向俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克及其周边海冰边疆(即俄罗斯远东地区)移居时带入的西方蜜蜂;欧洲黑蜂在欧洲向东方向的地理分布极限地域是位于俄罗斯西部平原(欧洲部分)与东部高原、山地(亚洲部分)之间的乌拉尔山脉,即俄罗斯中部地区。为了初步揭示俄罗斯蜜蜂与欧洲黑蜂之间的遗传关系,本研究通过聚合酶链反应体外扩增基因组微卫星标记的方法,对俄罗斯远东地区采样点的俄罗斯蜜蜂(俄罗斯当地人称之为俄罗斯远东黑蜂)和俄罗斯中部地区采样点的欧洲黑蜂(俄罗斯当地人称之为俄罗斯中部蜜蜂)进行了比对分析。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的结果显示,绝大多数蜜蜂样本在11个基因组微卫星位点均出现等位序列条带,两种蜜蜂样本的等位序列条带数构成了各自特有的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图。这提示,俄罗斯蜜蜂样本的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图作为俄罗斯蜜蜂保种群的遗传标识码,很可能具有特异性(相对于欧洲黑蜂样本的基因组微卫星DNA等位序列标记谱图)。

宫颈恶性肿瘤血清肿瘤标记物谱变化的临床意义

目的:研究复发宫颈恶性肿瘤的血清肿瘤标记物谱的变化情况,分析其诊断及其临床意义。方法:回顾分析2013年2月至2016年1月北京大学人民医院收治的84例宫颈恶性肿瘤患者在初次诊断、手术前后、规范化疗和随访期间的糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原153(CA153)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状上皮细胞癌相关抗原(SCC)和CT-A肿瘤标记物检测(CP2)血清肿瘤标记物的变化情况。结果:9例复发性宫颈恶性肿瘤患者中,标记物谱发生变化者8例(88.89%),其中种类由多变少者2例(25%,2/8),由少变多者4例(50%,4/8),标记物数量未变但种类改变者2例(25%,2/8)。75例未复发宫颈恶性肿瘤患者中,术后化疗期间标记物谱发生变化者46例(61.33%),其中种类由多变少者15例(32.60%,15/46),由少变多者22例(47.83%,22/46),标记物数量未变但种类改变者9例(19.57%,9/46)。结论:宫颈恶性肿瘤复发前后,肿瘤标记物谱可发生变化,提示单一肿瘤标记物检测具有局限性。应对宫颈癌患者行肿瘤物谱联合监测,可指导化疗方案选择、疗效判定、耐药性评估、随访监测和复发诊断。

芥子气中毒人员尿液标记物谱分析及其临床诊断应用

该研究基于暴露生物标记物溯源思路,应用于解决芥子气(SM)临床早期诊断、溯源确证难题。建立了芥子气中毒患者尿液中7种游离代谢产物的两步固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)同时定量方法,检出限为5 pg/mL~1 ng/mL,定量下限为10pg/mL~5 ng/mL;结合前期建立的4种游离碱基加合物的同位素稀释-UPLC-MS/MS定量方法,对1例疑似芥子气中毒人员尿液中可能赋存的生物标记物进行了全筛查分析。尿液中共检出3类10种生物标记物,包括首次报道的游离代谢产物芥子亚砜,可确证患者为芥子气中毒;除硫二甘醇外,标记物含量均在暴露后3~4 d达到峰值,随后降低,至7 d仍可检出,其中谷胱甘肽加合物的β裂解产物含量相对较高,可作为芥子气中毒早期诊断与疗效评估的重要指标。

甘蓝型黄籽油菜的指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

为给油菜杂交育种和优势组合的选配提供理论依据,利用SSR标记对54份甘蓝型黄籽油菜DNA指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性进行分析,并采用高通量法快速提取DNA,运用筛选确定的14个引物检测材料的多态性.结果表明：该材料中多态性片段有82条,平均每对引物5.85条,片段在100～900 bp,多态性比率达67.3％.引物的PIC平均值为0.66,说明这些引物总体上具有较好的鉴别能力.利用7对SSR引物能将54份甘蓝型黄籽油菜材料分开,并构建了其指纹图谱,仅SSR4能分辨22个黄籽材料;54份材料的相似系数为0.13～0.67,平均值为0.40.在相似系数为0.45处将54份甘蓝型黄籽油菜分为12类.

旋律听记训练探索

旋律听记训练的目的是通过听记提高音乐记忆能力,培养良好的音乐感觉,养成良好的记谱习惯,加强音乐音响与乐谱的联系,提高音乐综合能力,以便更好地感受和理解音乐、演绎音乐。因此,在旋律听记的训练中培养学生良好的思维习惯和记谱习惯尤为重要。

道地药材霍山石斛及其相似种的分子鉴定

为检测霍山石斛与霍山产铜皮石斛、霍山产铁皮石斛及其它产地的几种药用石斛的差异,对霍山石斛及其相似种进行ISSR分子标记比较研究。结果表明,尽管霍山石斛及其相似种的外部形态差异较小,但在ISSR分子标记指纹图谱上却存在着显著而稳定的差异。因此,根据ISSR分子标记指纹图谱所显示的多态性位点差异,能准确鉴别霍山石斛及其相似种植物及药材。此方法简单、稳定性高、可重复性好,在霍山石斛的分子鉴定研究中有较大的应用价值。

Genetic Analysis and Linkage Mapping in a Resource Pig Population Using Microsatellite Markers

The use of markers and linkage map construction are important for QTL mapping in pigs. In this article, the genetic characteristics were studied and the linkage map was constructed in a pig resource population including 214 individuals by typing 39 microsatellite marker loci on Sus scrofa chromosomes, SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC13. Results indicated that the average allele number, the average observed beterozygosity （Ho）, and the average polymorphism information content （PIC） in F1 and F2 population were 3.2, 0.528, 0.463 and 3.2, 0.496, 0.447, respectively. In the pig resource population, the average informative meiosis （IM） was 217.4 （44-316）, and the average linkage map length between the two sexes on the five chromosomes were 172.3 cM （SSC4）, 168.7 cM （SSC6）, 191.7 cM （SSC7）, 197.3 cM （SSC8）, and 178.3 cM （SSC13）. The orders of microsatellite marker loci in the linkage maps were identical to, but the length was greater than, those of USDA-MARC reference map. The results of this research showed the genetic relationship and genetic characteristics of the microsatellite markers in the pig resource family population, and the linkage map could be used to for QTL mapping in the subsequent study.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction of Major Mango Cultivars in China

[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.

Indication of Genetic Linkage Map for Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) by SSR Markers

In order to investigate the possibility and efficiency of exogenous gene spread in nature and potential ecological risk of transgenic rice, as well as analyze the effect of exogenous Bt gene insertion on ecological fitness of transgenic rice plants, a experiment was carried out with three insect-resistant Bt transgenic rice cultivars Bt63, R1 and R2 and one conventional rice line 11-838 as experimental materials, the insect-resistant transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants were inter- cropped pair-wisely under high and low insect-infestation pressures, and the vegeta- tive growth, seed-setting and the resistance to rice stem borers were compared be- tween transgenic and non-transgenic lines. According to the experimental results, both the tiller number and fresh weight of Bt transgenic rice plants under low insect- infestation pressure showed no significant differences compared with the control, but the plant height, spike length and spike weight were all lower than those of non- transgenic rice plant, and Bt63 and R2 were significantly different compared with the control. On the contrary, under high insect-infestation pressure, the tiller number, spike length and spike weight of three Bt transgenic rice cultivars were significantly higher than those of the control, while the plant height showed different fitness ef- fects among various transgenic rice cultivars, which might be related to the charac- teristics of the receptive cultivars. The individual filled grain number and 1 000-grain weight of three transgenic rice cultivars showed no significant difference compared with the control under two different insect-infestation pressures, suggesting that the effect of exogenous Bt gene on seed setting was not significant. Under insect-infes- tation pressure, the resistance of three Bt transgenic rice cultivars against rice stem borer was significantly superior to non-transgenic rice, indicating that the effect of exogenous Bt gene on insect resistance of receptive plants was distinctly. Further- more, experimental results showed that the fitness cost of Bt transgenic rice was rel- atively low, which implied that exogenous Bt gene in insect-resistant transgenic rice might escape under certain environmental conditions, but this risk was very low.

QTL Mapping for Weight Traits on Chromosome 3 in Liangshan Semi-fine Wool Sheep

By using Windows QTL Cartographer v2.5 software, QTLs for five weight traits of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep were detected based on nine microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. According to the results, ① in reference family 191, the QTL affecting weaning weight was detected at 110.01 cM with an additive effect of 6.860, explaining 29.3% of the phenotypic variance; ② in reference family 190, the QTL affecting weaning daily gain was detected at 227.41 cM with an additive effect of 0.013, explaining 1.7% of the phenotypic variance; ③there was no QTL affect- ing birth weight, 1.5-year weight and 2.5-year weight of Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep.

The Antioxidization Effects of TP-5, Thy(1[Lys23] and Their Spin Labeled Derivatives

TP-5 and Thy(1, synthesized by solid phase synthesis, have the effect to restrain the formation of superoxide anion in xanthine oxidase system in vitro. The formations of lipid peroxide in several organs (such as liver, brain and thymus) of the mice treated with TP-5, TP-5(R, active fragment of Thy(1 and active fragment of Thy(1(R of 10 (g(kg(d-1 for 10 d were decreased. That means these peptides possess the capability of antioxidezation.

Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet

Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.

Intra-specific genetic relationship analyses of Elaeagnus angustifolia based on RP-HPLC biochemical markers

Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. has various ecological, medicinal and economical uses. An approach was established using RP-HPLC （reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography） to classify and analyse the intra-specific genetic relationships of seventeen populations of E. angustifolia, collected from the Xinjiang areas of China. Chromatograms of alcohol-soluble proteins produced by seventeen populations of E. angustifolia, were compared. Each chromatogram of alcohol-soluble proteins came from a single seed of one wild plant only. The results showed that when using a Waters Delta Pak. C 18, 5μm particle size reversed phase column （150 mm×3.9mm）, a linear gradient of 25%-60% solvent B with flow rate of 1 ml/min and run time of 67 min, the chromatography yielded optimum separation of E. angustifolia alcohol-soluble proteins. Representative peaks in each population were chosen according to peak area and occurrence in every seed. The converted data on the elution peaks of each population were different and could be used to represent those populations. GSC （genetic similarity coefficients） of 41% to 62% showed a medium degree of genetic diversity among the populations in these eco-areas. Cluster analysis showed that the seventeen populations orE. angustifolia could be divided into six clusters at the GSC=0.535 level and indicated the general and unique biochemical markers of these clusters. We suggest that E. angustifolia distribution in these eco-areas could be classified into six variable species. RP-HPLC was shown to be a rapid, repeatable and reliable method for E. angustifolia classification and identification and for analysis of genetic diversity.

钢琴演奏中的难题

对于钢琴专业学生来说，能够把一首作品按作曲家的演奏风格及谱面内容准确地表达，这样他演奏水平的提高就会很快。但是，往往学生在演奏中把一些看似简单的问题忽略了，甚至遇到难以解决的问题就不去管它，这样对自己是不负责任的，演奏水平怎么能提高呢？在这篇文章中，我举出了几种钢琴演奏中容易出现的问题并做了一些解答，希望对学生们演奏水平的提高有所帮助。

Molecular Identification and Cultivar Fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Germplasms

[Objective] The aim was to study the molecular identification and cultivar fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch germplasms.[Method] Sixty peach genotypes,representing China common local cultivars and European samples were screened by microsatellites (simple sequence repeats,SSRs) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.[Result] 26 reproducible bands were amplified by Nine SSR primers,and 24 of which were polymorphic; 236 bands were amplified by 30 ISSR primers,and 113 of which were polymorphic.31 genotypes were discriminated with 1-3 distinct polymorphic bands generated from the primers ISSR and SSR.Seven cultivar-specific ISSR fragments and two SSR unique alleles obtained from this study were available to be converted into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers.The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) estimated from these molecular data averaged were 0.939 (ranged from 0.856 to 0.983) for ISSR and 0.646 (ranged from 0.240 to 1.000) for SSR,respectively.The combined grouping association indicated that most local Chinese peach cultivars and exotic accessions were clustered together.This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the peach cultivars involving limited foundation germplasm,exchange of cultivars between plantations,and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.[Conclusion] The results obtained in this work would help to improve the conservation,molecular identification and management of peach germplasm in breeding.

原发性开角型青光眼房水差异表达蛋白分析

目的分析原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者房水的蛋白质表达变化,探寻与疾病发生相关的生物学标志及潜在治疗靶点.方法采用回顾性病例-对照研究设计.纳入2016年10月至2017年12月由天津医科大学眼科医院收治的行白内障手术的年龄相关性白内障患者10例10眼作为年龄相关性白内障组,行青光眼联合白内障手术的POAG合并白内障患者10例10眼作为POAG合并白内障组.术中借助手术通道用1号针头接1ml针筒进入前房中部吸取约100μl房水.通过非标记定量蛋白质组学质谱分析技术分析房水中提取的蛋白,采用Maxquant significancesA的方法进行差异显著性检验,以P<0.05、差异倍数>2的标准筛选得到2个组患者的差异蛋白,并将生物大数据通过GO功能、KEGG显著性富集分析对差异蛋白的功能及调控的信号通路加以注解.结果本次蛋白组学分析共检测到97个差异蛋白,其中包括48个上调蛋白和49个下调蛋白.GO分析显著差异蛋白功能涉及诸多方面,其中与炎症反应有关的有脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)、CD163、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和膜联蛋白A1(ANXA1);与氧化还原有关的蛋白有谷胱甘肽S转移酶P(GSTP1)和硫氧还原蛋白(TXN);与细胞黏附运动有关:软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、桥粒胶蛋白(DSC2)和层连蛋白(LAMB2);与纤维化有关的有原胶原蛋白(PLOD1)和固生蛋白(TNC);与神经生长有关:颤蛋白(RELN)、脑信号蛋白(SEMA3F)和轴突导向因子(SEMA4B);与代谢相关的蛋白有丙酮酸激酶(PKM)和羧肽酶N亚型2(CPN2)等.KEGG分析表明NrF2/ERK信号通路、TGF-β/NF-κB信号通路表达在2个组细胞间存在差异.结论POAG患者房水中GSTP1、TXN表达显著降低,可能通过调控NrF2/ERK1/2及TGF-β/NF-κB信号通路,调节细胞黏附性和活性以及细胞外基质表达来参与疾病的发展.GSTP1、TXN可能成为潜在生物学标志及治疗靶点.

A genetic linkage map of marine shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis based on AFLP, SSR, and RAPD markers

The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.

A Microsatellite Genetic Linkage Map of Black Rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)

Ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) is an important marine fish species for aquaculture and fisheries in China. Genetic information of this species is scarce because of the lack of microsatellite markers. In this study, a large number of microsatellite markers of black rockfish were isolated by constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. Female- and male-specific genetic linkage maps were constructed using 435 microsatellite markers genotyped in a full-sib family of the fish species. The female linkage map contained 140 microsatellite markers, in which 23 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1334.1 c M and average inter-marker space of 13.3 c M. The male linkage map contained 156 microsatellite markers, in which 25 linkage groups had a total genetic length of 1359.6 c M and average inter-marker distance of 12.4 c M. The genome coverage of the female and male linkage maps was 68.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The female-to-male ratio of the recombination rate was approximately 1.07:1 in adjacent microsatellite markers. This paper presents the first genetic linkage map of microsatellites in black rockfish. The collection of polymorphic markers and sex-specific linkage maps of black rockfish could be useful for further investigations on parental assignment, population genetics, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted selection in related breeding programs.

Insights into the phylogeny of sporadotrichid ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora: Hypotricha) based on genealogical analyses of multiple molecular markers

The sporadotrichid ciliates are an especially diverse group. A number of investigators have studied the morphological, morphogenetic, and molecular relationships among members of this group. Despite this, a consistent classification is still lacking and several important questions about the phylogenetic relationships within this group remain unsolved. To improve our understanding of these relationships, we constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide sequences of the small-subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene and amino acid sequences of actin I and α-tubulin. Analyses of SSrRNA gene sequences indicated that: 1) the Sporadotrichida sensu Lynn (2008) and the Oxytrichidae are polyphyletic; 2) the Uroleptus species, which are classified to urostylids, formed a sister group with the oxytrichids; 3) Halteria grandinella, which is grouped morphologically with oligotrich species, clustered within the oxytrichids. These results are congruent with previous studies based on SSrRNA gene sequences. However, the amino acid sequences of actin I and α-tubulin yielded different topologies. The main results are: 1) in all phylogenetic trees, the genus Oxytricha was paraphyletic; 2) Uroleptus was sister to a subset of Urostyla and Holosticha, albeit with low supporting values; 3) Halteria grandinella was separated distantly from the Oxytrichidae in trees inferred from actin I amino acid sequences but clustered with oligotrichids in the α-tubulin analysis. The inconsistency among the trees inferred from these different molecular markers may be caused by rapidly accumulated genetic characterizations of ciliates. Further studies with additional molecular markers and sampling of more taxa are expected to better address the relationships among sporadotrichids.