干旱是甜菜（Betavulgaris L．）产量的主要限制因子之一。用于鉴定标记辅助筛选的基因能够大大地提高甜菜耐旱性育种的效率。由干旱引起的蛋白组的变化能够揭示重要的基因。将2个遗传背景完全不同的甜菜基因犁（7112 and 7219-P．69）...干旱是甜菜（Betavulgaris L．）产量的主要限制因子之一。用于鉴定标记辅助筛选的基因能够大大地提高甜菜耐旱性育种的效率。由干旱引起的蛋白组的变化能够揭示重要的基因。将2个遗传背景完全不同的甜菜基因犁（7112 and 7219-P．69）种植于大田中，利用线状撒水灌溉系统进行灌溉处理，分别设置灌溉和缺水两种外理，处理从4叶期开始进行。于播种后157天取叶片进行蛋白质提取和测定块茎的生物量及叶片相关水分含量。利用双向凝胶电泳研究了叶片诱导蛋白的变化，然后利用图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果检测和分析到500多个蛋白点，其中79个点在干旱条件下表现出明显的变化。在干旱条件下，有些蛋白会随基因型不同而出现不同的上调和下调蛋白点类型。利用液相色谱与质谱联合测定（LC-MS／MS）方法分析到20个蛋白点，从而鉴定到与氧化还原调控、氧化胁迫、信号传导、侣伴蛋白活性有关的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶加氧酶以及11种其它的蛋白。在干旱条件下，其中一些蛋白使植株具有生理优势，因此它们是进行耐旱性标记辅助筛选的潜在目标。展开更多
Cassava mosaic disease （CMD）, the most important disease of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） is a potential threat to Africa＇s cassava production. The disease is embedded in most landraces resulting in low yiel...Cassava mosaic disease （CMD）, the most important disease of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） is a potential threat to Africa＇s cassava production. The disease is embedded in most landraces resulting in low yields. Host plant resistance has been found to be the best control strategy. A breeding programme using genetic hybridisation and Marker Assisted Selection was initiated in 2007 to improve the resistance levels of farmer-preferred landraces and reduce the long breeding cycle for developing improved cassava varieties. Thirty farmer-preferred landraces were selected and crossed with a high yielding and mosaic resistant cultivar （TMEI l） from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA）. The resultant progenies found to have a reasonable level of resistance （score, 1-3） to the CMD were AW 18, 273 Nyamebekyere, NK 43, AW 3, NK 26, K 25, Dabodabo, Ahwengyankwa, 674 Debor, Degarti, Agric Bankye, and NK 57. These resultant progenies were backcrossed to the resistant cultivar. The backcross one （BC l） progenies totaling 224 were screened with molecular markers that are associated to the CMD 2 gene. De-oxyribonucleic Acid （DNA） was extracted from leaves of the 224 BC1 progenies and 13 parents. Two Simple Sequence Repeats （SSR） markers （SSY28 and NSl58） and one Sequenced Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） marker RME1, were used to screen and select for the resistant BC l progenies. Marker Assisted Selection （MAS） revealed that 82% of the genotypes had at least a marker allele for the CMD2 gene, indicating resistance. The study further revealed that by using MAS, the breeding cycle of cassava in the generation of varieties could be reduced from 8 years to 2 years. The resistant genotypes identified will be evaluated for yield and starch cooking quality in future breeding work.展开更多
文摘干旱是甜菜（Betavulgaris L．）产量的主要限制因子之一。用于鉴定标记辅助筛选的基因能够大大地提高甜菜耐旱性育种的效率。由干旱引起的蛋白组的变化能够揭示重要的基因。将2个遗传背景完全不同的甜菜基因犁（7112 and 7219-P．69）种植于大田中，利用线状撒水灌溉系统进行灌溉处理，分别设置灌溉和缺水两种外理，处理从4叶期开始进行。于播种后157天取叶片进行蛋白质提取和测定块茎的生物量及叶片相关水分含量。利用双向凝胶电泳研究了叶片诱导蛋白的变化，然后利用图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果检测和分析到500多个蛋白点，其中79个点在干旱条件下表现出明显的变化。在干旱条件下，有些蛋白会随基因型不同而出现不同的上调和下调蛋白点类型。利用液相色谱与质谱联合测定（LC-MS／MS）方法分析到20个蛋白点，从而鉴定到与氧化还原调控、氧化胁迫、信号传导、侣伴蛋白活性有关的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶加氧酶以及11种其它的蛋白。在干旱条件下，其中一些蛋白使植株具有生理优势，因此它们是进行耐旱性标记辅助筛选的潜在目标。
文摘Cassava mosaic disease （CMD）, the most important disease of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） is a potential threat to Africa＇s cassava production. The disease is embedded in most landraces resulting in low yields. Host plant resistance has been found to be the best control strategy. A breeding programme using genetic hybridisation and Marker Assisted Selection was initiated in 2007 to improve the resistance levels of farmer-preferred landraces and reduce the long breeding cycle for developing improved cassava varieties. Thirty farmer-preferred landraces were selected and crossed with a high yielding and mosaic resistant cultivar （TMEI l） from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA）. The resultant progenies found to have a reasonable level of resistance （score, 1-3） to the CMD were AW 18, 273 Nyamebekyere, NK 43, AW 3, NK 26, K 25, Dabodabo, Ahwengyankwa, 674 Debor, Degarti, Agric Bankye, and NK 57. These resultant progenies were backcrossed to the resistant cultivar. The backcross one （BC l） progenies totaling 224 were screened with molecular markers that are associated to the CMD 2 gene. De-oxyribonucleic Acid （DNA） was extracted from leaves of the 224 BC1 progenies and 13 parents. Two Simple Sequence Repeats （SSR） markers （SSY28 and NSl58） and one Sequenced Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） marker RME1, were used to screen and select for the resistant BC l progenies. Marker Assisted Selection （MAS） revealed that 82% of the genotypes had at least a marker allele for the CMD2 gene, indicating resistance. The study further revealed that by using MAS, the breeding cycle of cassava in the generation of varieties could be reduced from 8 years to 2 years. The resistant genotypes identified will be evaluated for yield and starch cooking quality in future breeding work.
