[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the content...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.展开更多
L（ s, t）-labeling is a variation of graph coloring which is motivated by a special kind of the channel assignment problem. Let s and t be any two nonnegative integers. An L （s, t）-labeling of a graph G is an assig...L（ s, t）-labeling is a variation of graph coloring which is motivated by a special kind of the channel assignment problem. Let s and t be any two nonnegative integers. An L （s, t）-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of integers to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive integers which differ by at least s, and vertices that are at distance of two receive integers which differ by at least t. Given an L（s, t） -labeling f of a graph G, the L（s, t） edge span of f, βst （ G, f） = max { ｜f（u） -f（v）｜： （ u, v） ∈ E（G） } is defined. The L（ s, t） edge span of G, βst（G）, is minβst（G,f）, where the minimum runs over all L（s, t）-labelings f of G. Let T be any tree with a maximum degree of △≥2. It is proved that if 2s≥t≥0, then βst（T） =（ [△/2 ] - 1）t ＋s; if 0≤2s 〈 t and △ is even, then βst（T） = [ （△ - 1） t/2 ] ; and if 0 ≤2s 〈 t and △ is odd, then βst（T） = （△ - 1） t/2 ＋ s. Thus, the L（s, t） edge spans of the Cartesian product of two paths and of the square lattice are completely determined.展开更多
Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the ...Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the paralogy node and determine the informative subtree. The area relationships are generally illustrated in several subtrees and the consensus tree. The distribution pattern of the genus Caragana comprising about 72 species and occurring in 13 areas, was analyzed by using subtree method and TASS procedure in this study. The results showed seven subtrees representing the area relationships of section and series of the genus, and the consensus tree provided the 13 area relationships. These results are congruent with our former result using component analysis for Caragana.展开更多
The study was conducted to develop height-diameter at breast height(HT-DBH) models for Alnus japonica in La Trinidad, Benguet,Philippines and evaluate their predictive capability.The six widely used nonlinear growth m...The study was conducted to develop height-diameter at breast height(HT-DBH) models for Alnus japonica in La Trinidad, Benguet,Philippines and evaluate their predictive capability.The six widely used nonlinear growth models that were selected in this study were the ChapmanRichards, Schnute, Modified logistic, Korf/Lundqvist,Weibull and Exponential. A total of 208 Alnus japonica trees were measured using standard diameter tape for DBH(1.3 m above the ground) and Vertex and transponder was used for the total height measurement. The performance of the developed models were evaluated using the fit statistics including coefficient of determination(R^2), root mean square error(RMSE), mean bias(ē), absolute mean difference(AMD), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC). The lack-of-fit statistics was also performed for further evaluation of the performance of the models.Based on the evaluation criteria, all six models were able to determine the DBH-height relationships and fitted the data well. Using the rank analysis, the Weibull HT-DBH model had the best performance among the six commonly used nonlinear growth models. The results of this study will help forest managers especially in La Trinidad, Benguet to easily predict the total height using the Weibull model for Alnus japonica utilizing the DBH as the predicting variable.展开更多
The aim of this study was to identify tea varieties with less bitterness and astringency index that could be used as important sources for breeding and in the production of high quality tea. We studied 36 cultivars or...The aim of this study was to identify tea varieties with less bitterness and astringency index that could be used as important sources for breeding and in the production of high quality tea. We studied 36 cultivars or lines which had been preserved in Tea Germplasm Garden of Fujian. The contents of catechins in spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 36 varieties and lines were analyzed by HPLC. Analysis of these tea varieties and lines revealed that the catechins contained in the tea shoots in different seasons are highly variable. The content of ester-catechins in spring and summer tea shoots was higher than that of autumn, while non-ester-catechins did not showed the same characteristic. The content of EGCG showed an extremely significant positive correlation with T1 （T1 = EGC ＋ EGCG ＋ GCG ＋ EGC）, an extremely significant negative correlation with DL-C, the content of EGC showed the same characteristic. Among them, 10 cultivars with less bitterness and astringency index （the annual average bitterness and astringency index 〈 8.0） were considered good candidates as important breeding materials tbr tea infusion quality improvement.展开更多
To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） on the immune function of dendritic cells （DCs） after ultraviolet B irradiation （UVB） and its underlying mechanisms, the monocytes were iso...To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） on the immune function of dendritic cells （DCs） after ultraviolet B irradiation （UVB） and its underlying mechanisms, the monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and cultivated into DCs with cytokines, such as GM-CSF and IL-4. DCs were harvested after cultivation for 7 d and subjected to irradiation with different dosages of UVB. Then, 200 μg/ml of EGCG were added in certain groups immediately after irradiation. DCs simply treated with UVB or treated with both UVB and EGCG were co-cultured with lymphocytes, and MTT assay was used to detect the ability of DCs to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. Surface markers CDS0, CD86, HLA-DR and CD40 were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 secreted from DCs 2d h after cultivation were measured by ELISA. It was demonstrated that UVB irradiation could inhibit the ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and surface expressions of CDS0, CD86, HLA-DR and CD40 on DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of DCs was improved to some extent after treatment with 200μg/ml of EGCG. When the concentra- tion of EGCG exceeded 100 μg/ml, the enhancing effect of EGCG on the expression of the co-stimulating molecules on DCs could be demonstrated in a dose-dependent manner. UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 from DCs, while EGCG could down-regulate the secretion level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of IL-10. It is concluded that EGCG can antagonize the inhibitory effect on DCs induced by UVB irradiation. This function has some relationship with its protecting effect of the expression of the co-stimulating molecule on the surface of DCs and the secretion level of IL-10 and IL-12.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160175)Technology Innovation Talents Project of Yunnan Province(2011CI068)+1 种基金Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction(nycytx-23)Seed Preservation Project of Ministry of Agriculture(NB2012-2130135)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No10671033)Southeast University Science Foundation ( NoXJ0607230)
文摘L（ s, t）-labeling is a variation of graph coloring which is motivated by a special kind of the channel assignment problem. Let s and t be any two nonnegative integers. An L （s, t）-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of integers to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive integers which differ by at least s, and vertices that are at distance of two receive integers which differ by at least t. Given an L（s, t） -labeling f of a graph G, the L（s, t） edge span of f, βst （ G, f） = max { ｜f（u） -f（v）｜： （ u, v） ∈ E（G） } is defined. The L（ s, t） edge span of G, βst（G）, is minβst（G,f）, where the minimum runs over all L（s, t）-labelings f of G. Let T be any tree with a maximum degree of △≥2. It is proved that if 2s≥t≥0, then βst（T） =（ [△/2 ] - 1）t ＋s; if 0≤2s 〈 t and △ is even, then βst（T） = [ （△ - 1） t/2 ] ; and if 0 ≤2s 〈 t and △ is odd, then βst（T） = （△ - 1） t/2 ＋ s. Thus, the L（s, t） edge spans of the Cartesian product of two paths and of the square lattice are completely determined.
文摘Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the paralogy node and determine the informative subtree. The area relationships are generally illustrated in several subtrees and the consensus tree. The distribution pattern of the genus Caragana comprising about 72 species and occurring in 13 areas, was analyzed by using subtree method and TASS procedure in this study. The results showed seven subtrees representing the area relationships of section and series of the genus, and the consensus tree provided the 13 area relationships. These results are congruent with our former result using component analysis for Caragana.
基金support of the Forest Science and Technology Projects [Project Nos. 2013069D10-1819-AA03 and 2014068E10-1819-AA03] provided by the Korea Forest Service
文摘The study was conducted to develop height-diameter at breast height(HT-DBH) models for Alnus japonica in La Trinidad, Benguet,Philippines and evaluate their predictive capability.The six widely used nonlinear growth models that were selected in this study were the ChapmanRichards, Schnute, Modified logistic, Korf/Lundqvist,Weibull and Exponential. A total of 208 Alnus japonica trees were measured using standard diameter tape for DBH(1.3 m above the ground) and Vertex and transponder was used for the total height measurement. The performance of the developed models were evaluated using the fit statistics including coefficient of determination(R^2), root mean square error(RMSE), mean bias(ē), absolute mean difference(AMD), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC). The lack-of-fit statistics was also performed for further evaluation of the performance of the models.Based on the evaluation criteria, all six models were able to determine the DBH-height relationships and fitted the data well. Using the rank analysis, the Weibull HT-DBH model had the best performance among the six commonly used nonlinear growth models. The results of this study will help forest managers especially in La Trinidad, Benguet to easily predict the total height using the Weibull model for Alnus japonica utilizing the DBH as the predicting variable.
基金This research was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian （No. 2009J01063）. Determination of catechins was finished in Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and in Tea Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture.
文摘The aim of this study was to identify tea varieties with less bitterness and astringency index that could be used as important sources for breeding and in the production of high quality tea. We studied 36 cultivars or lines which had been preserved in Tea Germplasm Garden of Fujian. The contents of catechins in spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 36 varieties and lines were analyzed by HPLC. Analysis of these tea varieties and lines revealed that the catechins contained in the tea shoots in different seasons are highly variable. The content of ester-catechins in spring and summer tea shoots was higher than that of autumn, while non-ester-catechins did not showed the same characteristic. The content of EGCG showed an extremely significant positive correlation with T1 （T1 = EGC ＋ EGCG ＋ GCG ＋ EGC）, an extremely significant negative correlation with DL-C, the content of EGC showed the same characteristic. Among them, 10 cultivars with less bitterness and astringency index （the annual average bitterness and astringency index 〈 8.0） were considered good candidates as important breeding materials tbr tea infusion quality improvement.
文摘To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） on the immune function of dendritic cells （DCs） after ultraviolet B irradiation （UVB） and its underlying mechanisms, the monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and cultivated into DCs with cytokines, such as GM-CSF and IL-4. DCs were harvested after cultivation for 7 d and subjected to irradiation with different dosages of UVB. Then, 200 μg/ml of EGCG were added in certain groups immediately after irradiation. DCs simply treated with UVB or treated with both UVB and EGCG were co-cultured with lymphocytes, and MTT assay was used to detect the ability of DCs to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. Surface markers CDS0, CD86, HLA-DR and CD40 were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 secreted from DCs 2d h after cultivation were measured by ELISA. It was demonstrated that UVB irradiation could inhibit the ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and surface expressions of CDS0, CD86, HLA-DR and CD40 on DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of DCs was improved to some extent after treatment with 200μg/ml of EGCG. When the concentra- tion of EGCG exceeded 100 μg/ml, the enhancing effect of EGCG on the expression of the co-stimulating molecules on DCs could be demonstrated in a dose-dependent manner. UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 from DCs, while EGCG could down-regulate the secretion level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of IL-10. It is concluded that EGCG can antagonize the inhibitory effect on DCs induced by UVB irradiation. This function has some relationship with its protecting effect of the expression of the co-stimulating molecule on the surface of DCs and the secretion level of IL-10 and IL-12.
