This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)f...This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.展开更多
Extreme weather events were analyzed based on the meteorological data from the year of 1967 to 2007 for Yamaguchi, Japan. The responses from landscape trees were also investigated mainly by the analysis of image pixel...Extreme weather events were analyzed based on the meteorological data from the year of 1967 to 2007 for Yamaguchi, Japan. The responses from landscape trees were also investigated mainly by the analysis of image pixel and spectral reflectance. Results show that after the dry, hot and windy summer in 2007, many landscape trees in Yamaguchi City tended to respond the extreme weather events by reducing their leaf surface area and receiving less radiation energy. Premature leaf discoloration or defoliation appeared on some landscape tree species and leaf necrosis occurred on tip and margin of many Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) trees at unfavorable sites. Described by image pixel analysis method, the leaf necrotic area percentage (LNAP) of sampled dogwood trees averaged 41.6% and the sampled Sasanqua camellia (Camelia sasanqua) tree also showed fewer flowers in flower season of 2007 than that in 2006. By differential analysis of partial discolored crown, it presented a logistic differential equation of crown color for sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees. It suggested that the persistent higher temperature and lower precipitation could be injurious to the sensitive landscape trees at poor sites, even in relative humid area like Yamaguchi.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using L...[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.
文摘Extreme weather events were analyzed based on the meteorological data from the year of 1967 to 2007 for Yamaguchi, Japan. The responses from landscape trees were also investigated mainly by the analysis of image pixel and spectral reflectance. Results show that after the dry, hot and windy summer in 2007, many landscape trees in Yamaguchi City tended to respond the extreme weather events by reducing their leaf surface area and receiving less radiation energy. Premature leaf discoloration or defoliation appeared on some landscape tree species and leaf necrosis occurred on tip and margin of many Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) trees at unfavorable sites. Described by image pixel analysis method, the leaf necrotic area percentage (LNAP) of sampled dogwood trees averaged 41.6% and the sampled Sasanqua camellia (Camelia sasanqua) tree also showed fewer flowers in flower season of 2007 than that in 2006. By differential analysis of partial discolored crown, it presented a logistic differential equation of crown color for sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees. It suggested that the persistent higher temperature and lower precipitation could be injurious to the sensitive landscape trees at poor sites, even in relative humid area like Yamaguchi.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770401)National Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Forestry Scienceand Technology Support Topics(2006BADO3A0505)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement of coordinate parameter by multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system.[Method] The 3-dimensional coordinate of 8-year-old Jujube was measured by using Lensphoto multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry system,and through comparing with measured data of Total Station,the error and accuracy of photogrammetry data were analyzed.[Result] The absolute error of X,Y and Z coordinate was 0-0.014,0-0.018 and 0-0.004 m respectively,and the relative error of X,Y and Z coordinate was less than 0.145%.The significance test of pairs for the photogrammetry data and measured data of Total Station indicated that the space coordinate data of stumpage were accurately measured by using the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry method,and the photogrammetry data meet the need of space coordinate measurement for virtual plant growth simulation.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the growth measurement of virtual plant growth simulation.
