四川地震区大熊猫栖息地受损特征与灾后重建对策

本文分析四川地震受灾区大熊猫其栖息地重要地位,提出了四川地震灾区栖息地廊道生态恢复技术、栖息地生态系统恢复技术以及人工竹林基地技术等提出了对策与建议。

铁路特等客运站鼠类防制对策研究

目的 :通过对鼠源、种群、栖息生境的调查研究 ,探讨铁路特等客运站的鼠类防制对策。方法 :采用夹日法和粉迹法调查鼠源及密度 ,分析鼠种 ,进行灭效评价。结果 :铁路上海站鼠源主要是列车窜下和外围环境窜入的。列车窜下的以黄胸鼠为主 (占 65 .1% ) ,外围环境窜入的则以褐家鼠为主 (占 5 4.7% )。完善室内防鼠设施后 ,室内粉迹阳性率由 2 .69%降为 0 .40 % ;在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点后 ,鼠源场所夹日法阳性率由 2 .40 %降为 0 .47% ;采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,室内有鼠场所粉迹法阳性率由灭前的 74.5 %降为灭后的 3.0 %。实施以防为主的防制方法后 ,减少了用药量 ,降低了灭鼠经费。结论 :完善车站室内防鼠设施 ,在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点 ,室内有鼠场所采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,能有效控制铁路特等客运站的鼠密度。

论景观都市主义实践中的城市基础设施

景观都市主义提倡由景观主导并激励城市的建设与发展,而这里景观的意义需要包含城市基础设施。景观都市主义籍由城市基础设施的营建,构筑起了城市级别的网络系统,从而实现了对整个城市发展的掌控,对城市生活的影响也渗透到了各个角落。本文通过分析国内外的数个经典案例,探讨基础设施建设在景观都市主义中的应用及其对中国城市规划的意义。

Dynamics of the Currents in the Strait of Khuran in the Persian Gulf

The Strait of Khuran is among the most important marine habitats in the Persian Gulf. It is the location of the largest Avicennia Marina mangroves along the Persian Gulf shoreline and is a major nursery region for the fish and to breeding, wintering and migrant water birds. This paper presents dynamics of the currents in the Strait of Khuran using the current data collected by fixed current meters. The analysis of the data showed that the currents in the Strait of Khuran were highly dominated by tidal forcing with mixed semi diurnal behavior. The tidal currents were strong and reached to a maximum velocity of 123 cm/s in the spring tide. Tidal analysis showed that the tidal current constituents （M2, $2, N2, K1, O1） are dominant with M2 component as the major one. The tidal currents occurred basically along the strait. The results show a westward residual flow along the strait with an average of 5.6 cm/s during the study. The direction of the flow indicates that any pollution discharged into the industrial developing eastern part of the strait has the potential to affect the sensitive ecosystem in the western part.

Seasonal Gametogenesis of Host Sea Anemone(Entacmaea quadricolor) Inhabiting Hong Kong Waters

Studying gonadal development of annual cycle can reveal the process of gametogenesis and reproductive period, and evaluate fertility and source utilization of a species. Host sea anemones are conspicuous members of tropical and subtropical reef ecosystems, but little is known about its biology including reproductive seasonality. Here we reported a one-year study on the gametogenesis and reproduction of host sea anemone(Entacmaea quadricolor) inhabiting Hong Kong waters. E. quadricolor tissues were sampled in 12 occasions from 5 m and 15 m depths of water, respectively. Histological sectioning of the tissues showed that E. quadricolor was dioecious, and populational ratio of female to male was 1:1.6. The gonadal development was asynchronous within an annual cycle, which included proliferating, growing, maturing, spawning, and resting stages. The spawning occurred between August and October when surface seawater temperature reached the annual maximum(28℃), suggesting that temperature is an important factor modulating the gonadal development and mature of E. quadricolor.

Using Geospatial Information Systems in Analyzing Urbanization Impacts on Stream Habitats in Southern Mississippi Coastal Ecosystem

The proliferation of urban development with concentration in population and human-environment interaction has intensified around urban environments. This has resulted in the degradation of urban environments, overuse of natural resources and widespread pollution of ecosystems, The patterns of design initiatives continue to follow unsustainable path with impacts on stream ecosystems. Accordingly, the paper adopts geospatial information systems and sustainability principles for the identification and sequential mapping of stressors impeding natural systems in Southern Mississippi. The results not only reveal that the study area experienced some significant changes in its watershed environments, but the stream habitat ecosystem remains under stress. The recommendations for mitigating the problems range from policy considerations to the adoption of ecosystem approach.

Place in Movement:Tracing Human-Altered Landscapes Along the Niagara Escarpment

The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which burrowed directly into the Escarpment’s slope,the greater context of the region’s urban development demands,and the Escarpment’s identity as an ancient geological formation,ecological refugium,and old-growth forest housing ancient species such as Thuja occidentalis.This project explores the university’s responsibility in advocating for the protection of the Escarpment’s unique ecologic conditions,including the distinct cliff ecosystems and the novel successional plant communities evolving on sites of former quarry activities.Interventions on the trail system,cave bridges and lookouts,and the boardwalk and path system,along with guidance of signage and trail markers,will bring visitors to areas where former quarry activities sculptured the Escarpment’s limestone faces and are now reclaimed by a system of lush novel wetlands and habitats in evolutionary stages.Connecting to a system of existing public trails,this project leverages the university’s educational and recreational objectives to form new strategic partnerships with local conservancy groups,aiming at monitoring and managing access and habitat protection.

The impact of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna

Camivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up con- trol in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these ar- eas .