基于B样条参数化描述的形状扩散光学层析成像方法

为了改善扩散光学层析成像(DOT)逆问题的病态性,本文发展了一种基于B样条参数化描述的形状DOT重建算法.在合理地假设组织体各区域光学参数均匀分布的前提下,通过采用B样条参数化描述复杂区域的边界,将DOT的逆问题从大规模的体元光学参数重建转化为只重建各子区域的一组光学参数和复杂形状参数.在信噪比为35,d B条件下对不同形状模拟异质体的重建结果表明,该算法在不同的光学参数范围、异质体初始形状估计、光学参数初始估计下,均可有效地重建出异质体的形状和光学参数.稳态DOT系统的仿体实验验证表明,背景光学参数和异质体光学参数的重构误差分别小于1.18%和12.00%.该算法将对肿瘤诊断漫射光层析成像的发展具有推动作用.

三维打印中的底层多边形优化

三维打印过程中,底层多边形模型存在着数据点冗余、形状粗糙等问题,造成模型成型效率低,表面模型不光滑,急需要对底层多边形进行优化.现有的多边形优化算法没有考虑到在三维打印过程从多边形转换为相应的加工指令及加工机构的平滑运行等问题.为此,本文提出一种新的底层多边形优化算法,该算法利用基于面积最小原则的多边形简化算法来减少多边形顶点数,再通过Hermrite曲线和B样条对多边形进行样条化处理,使多边形边界变得光滑,并对样条化后的多边形顶点进行均匀离散化,使优化后的底层多边形更便于机械指令集的操作.实验结果证明该算法可以提高底层多边形的质量并满足三维打印的工程要求.

典型翼型参数化方法的翼型外形控制能力评估

现代飞行器的精细化设计需求要求翼型参数化方法具有精准的翼型外形控制能力。依据标准的风洞模型公差要求,以五个典型翼型作为测试翼型,分别对Hicks-Henne参数化方法、样条参数化方法、PARSEC参数化方法和CST翼型参数化方法的翼型外形控制能力进行评估,依据每个翼型参数化方法的评估结果并结合其固有特点进行适应性分析。结果表明:四种翼型参数化方法对翼型外形的控制能力存在较大差别,具有不同的适用范围。评估典型翼型参数化方法的所得结果可指导设计人员依据具体的设计需求选择适当的翼型参数化方法。

水平集与灵敏度分析相结合的流体形状识别与优化方法

针对流体拓扑优化很难得到较为精确结果的问题,将水平集方法与灵敏度分析方法相结合,发展了一种可用于流动形状识别的改进水平集优化方法。为实现水平集法向速度由界面到整个水平集函数求解区域的准确扩展,首先借助快速行进法,将法向速度由流体区向固体区扩展,然后经求解偏微分方程向整个设计区域扩展。通过求解二元二次方程组提取界面,采用无需样条参数化网格重构方法实现了流体区域内网格的重新划分,从而有效提高了物理场控制方程的求解精度。对Navier-Stokes和Stokes流动形状识别问题的研究表明:所发展的方法可以直接、较准确地求出边界上的法向速度,且将界面附近的法向速度准确地沿界面的法线方向扩展到整个水平集函数求解区域;最终,通过有效处理拓扑和形状优化过程中的拓扑变化识别出目标形状。

变结构体参数设计的一种新方法

变结构体参数化设计一直是参数化设计中的难题,在研究现有变结构体参数化设计中的主要方法—变结构变参数设计和模块化变参数设计的基础上,提出了一种基于样条化变参数设计的新设计方法,分析比较了这三种设计方法的优缺点。研究表明,基于样条化变参数设计方法具有数据储存量小、只需生成某一类型的参数设计样板即可实现一类零件的变结构体变参数设计的优点,用VC++6.0开发环境编制了实现程序,验证了样条化变参数设计方法的可行性。

板壳非线性分析的新理论新方法

提出了板壳非线性分析的新理论新方法。首先建立了下列几个新的本构关系:塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量的新关系,热塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量及温度应变向量增量的新关系,粘塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量的新关系,热粘塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量及温度应变向量增量的新关系。这些关系分别称为弹塑性应变增量理论、热弹塑性应变增量理论、弹粘塑性应变增量理论及热弹粘塑性应变增量理论,避开了屈服曲面、加载曲面、流动法则及复杂的非线性应力应变关系。其次建立了非线性样条无网格法,这种方法是以新的本构关系、几何非线性理论、变分原理、广义变分原理、加权残数法及样条离散化为基础建立的,避免了经典本构关系及有限元法带来的巨大困难及缺陷,不仅计算简便,而且精度高,收敛速度很快。建立了板壳非线性分析的统一格式,对板壳的几何非线性分析、材料非线性分析及双重非线性分析都适用。

Weight-based shape modification of NURBS curves by constrained optimization

A new method for shape modification of non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) curves was presented, which was based on constrained optimization by means of altering the corresponding weights of their control points. Using this method, the original NURBS curve was modified to satisfy the specified geometric constraints, including single point and multi-point constraints. With the introduction of free parameters, the shapes of modified NURBS curves could be further controlled by users without destroying geometric constraints and seem more naturally. Since explicit formulae were derived to compute new weights of the modified curve, the method was simple and easy to program. Practical examples showed that the method was applicable for computer aided design (CAD) system.

Spline-based multi-regime traffic stream models

In order to develop optimal multi-regime traffic stream models, a new method that integrates cluster analysis and B-spline regression is presented. First, for identifying the proper number of regimes, the K-means and the fuzzy c-means methods are applied in cluster analysis to actual traffic data, which suggests that dividing the traffic flow into two or three clusters can best reflect intrinsic patterns of traffic flows. Such information is then taken as guidance in spline regression, thus significantly reducing the computational burden of estimating spline models. Spline regression is used to estimate the locations of knots and the coefficients of the model so that the global error can be minimized. Model analysis results demonstrate that the proposed spline models have better fitting and generalization capability than the conventional models. In addition, the new method is more flexible in terms of data fitting and can provide smoother traffic stream models.

基于图形矢量模式的图像几何信息压缩方法

根据气象图像的具体特点从图像的矢量形式出发,对图像进行了有效的压缩。该过程用matlab程序实现,对其中曲线则用合适的插值拟合方法选用特定曲线代替,并验证了这种拟合在误差允许的范围内是有效的。这种图像的压缩方法同样适用于其他类型的图像。

Optimization Design of Hydraulic Valve Block and Its Internal Flow Channel Based on Additive Manufacturing

Hydraulic valve block is an important part of the hydraulic system.The traditional hydraulic valve block is made by turning and milling,drilling and boring,which leads to many right-angle bending and closed cavity structure of process holes in its internal flow channel,seriously affecting the flow performance of oil.Based on the new design space provided by additive manufacturing technology,the internal hydraulic flow channel of valve block is optimized by using B-spline curve.Computational fluid dynamics analysis is carried out on the hydraulic flow channel to determine the optimal flow channel structure with the smallest pressure drop.The weight reduction of hydraulic valve block is carried out through topology optimization.According to the results of topology optimization,using the method of selective laser melting(SLM),the printing of the hydraulic valve block is completed.The optimized hydraulic channel reduces the pressure loss by 31.4%compared with the traditional hydraulic channel.Compared with the traditional valve block,the hydraulic valve block manufactured by SLM with topology optimization reduces the weight by 33.9%.Therefore,the proposed flow channel optimization and valve block lightweight method provide a new reference for the performance improvement of the internal flow channel of hydraulic valve block and the overall lightweight design of valve block.

The Impacts of Permafrost Change on NPP and Implications:A Case of the Source Regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.

Generalized fairing algorithm of parametric cubic splines

Kjellander has reported an algorithm for fairing uniform parametric cubic splines. Poliakoff extended Kjellander’s algorithm to non-uniform case. However, they merely changed the bad point’s position, and neglected the smoothing of tangent at bad point. In this paper, we present a fairing algorithm that both changed point’s position and its corresponding tangent vector. The new algorithm possesses the minimum property of energy. We also proved Poliakoff’s fairing algorithm is a deduction of our fairing algorithm. Several fairing examples are given in this paper.

Diatom diet selectivity by early post-larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta under hatchery conditions

Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development. To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films. We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films, and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement. The most abtmdant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp., Amphora copulate, and Amphora coffeaeformis. Navicula spp. accounted for 64.0% of the cell density. In the attachment films, we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera. Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp. 2, and A. coffeaeformis. Nano-diatoms （〈20 pm in length） accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species number and cell density of the diatom assemblages in the gut contents and on the films. This suggests that nano-diatoms are important to the efficient production of abalone seed. The difference of the composition and abundance of diatoms between in the guts and on the biofilms suggests that early post-larval grazing was selective. An early post-larval abalone preferred nano-diatoms and the genera Navicula and Amphora during the month after settlement.

Adsorption of ^133Cs and ^87Sr on pumice tuff：A comparative study between powder and intact solid phase

This study examines the use of intact samples as an alternative to powder in conventional batch sorption studies to determine the distribution coefficient(K_d).Stable cesium(^(133)Cs) and strontium(^(87)Sr) were used under specified geochemical conditions to compare the Kdvalues of powder and block pumice tuff samples. The aim of the study was to infer any Kddifference under laboratory and field conditions. Kdvalues for block samples were found to be less than one order of magnitude lower than powder materials for both Cs and Sr on fresh tuff, and more than one order of magnitude lower in oxidized tuff. Destruction of micropores in oxidized tuff was estimated to be mainly responsible for reducing Kdvalues in oxidized tuff. However, approximately one order of magnitude difference in Kdvalues indicates that homogenously prepared intact samples can be used for sorption coefficient measurement at closer to in situ conditions. Pore size distribution analysis using mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that lower Kdvalues on block samples result from lower surface area available as sorption sites due to inaccessible closed pores in the intact solid.

Metamodeling Transfer Capability of Manitoba-Ontario Electrical Interconnections

The electric power transfer capability on the Manitoba-Ontario interconnection depends on various system operating conditions such as area generation patterns and ambient temperatures. This work models the power network as a black-box function, which is evaluated with the system reliability analysis techniques to determine the maximum transfer capability under a given operating condition. A metamodel or an approximation model of the maximized power transfer capability is built based on the sampled system responses and optimized with respect to the corresponding operating conditions. An optimal metamodel is implemented as a prototype software tool, PTCanalyzer, and applied to Manitoba-Ontario interconnection power transfer calculations. This optimized metamodel technique provides an in-depth understanding of the dependency of the power transfer capability on system operating conditions and proves to be an effective tool in optimizing the operation planning of the interconnection for a given power system configuration. The PTCanalyzer has the potential to be used for optimization of other power network interconnections.

Multi-modality liver image registration based on multilevel B-splines free-form deformation and L-BFGS optimal algorithm

A new coarse-to-fine strategy was proposed for nonrigid registration of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) images of a liver.This hierarchical framework consisted of an affine transformation and a B-splines free-form deformation(FFD).The affine transformation performed a rough registration targeting the mismatch between the CT and MR images.The B-splines FFD transformation performed a finer registration by correcting local motion deformation.In the registration algorithm,the normalized mutual information(NMI) was used as similarity measure,and the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shannon(L-BFGS) optimization method was applied for optimization process.The algorithm was applied to the fully automated registration of liver CT and MR images in three subjects.The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only significantly improves the registration accuracy but also reduces the running time,which is effective and efficient for nonrigid registration.

Climate-growth relationship stability of Picea crassifolia on an elevation gradient,Qilian Mountain,Northwest China

Climate affects Picea crassifolia growth and climate change will lead to changes in the climate–growth relationship(i.e., the "divergence" phenomenon). However, standardization methods can also change the understanding of such a relationship. We tested the stability of this relationship by considering several variables: 1) two periods(1952–1980 and 1981–2009), 2) three elevations(2700, 3000, and 3300 m), and 3) chronologies detrended using cubic splines with two different flexibilities. With increasing elevation, the climatic factor limiting the radial growth of Picea crassifolia shifted from precipitation to temperature. At the elevation of 2700 m, the relationship between radial growth and mean temperature of the previous December changed so that the more flexible spline had a greater precipitation signal. At the elevation of 3000 m, positive correlation of radial growth with mean temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year became more significant. At the elevation of 3300 m, positive correlation between radial growth and precipitation of the currentsummer and the previous spring and autumn was no longer significant, whereas the positive correlation between radial growth and temperature of the current spring and summer strengthened. The detrending with the most flexible spline enhanced the precipitation signal at 2700 m, while that with the least flexible spline enhanced the temperature signal at 3300 m. All results indicated that the divergence phenomenon was affected by the climatic signals in the chronologies and that it was most dependent on the detrending method. This suggests it is necessary to select a suitable spline bootstrap for studies of growth divergence phenomena.

基于水平集方法的二维Stokes多工况流动的拓扑优化

本文采用水平集方法进行了多工况条件下Stokes流动问题的拓扑优化,研究了进出口边界变化对流体拓扑优化结果的影响。在拓扑优化过程中,采用无需样条参数化的重新网格划分方法来实现物理场和水平集类方程交替求解。以最小能量耗散为目标,通过对三工况条件下流动通道的拓扑优化设计,表明多工况条件下的流动拓扑优化比单工况条件下获得的拓扑优化设计结果更为合理。

基于关键词的核心期刊主题动态可视化研究

在图书情报学核心期刊中,研究性文章的关键词动态变化能很好地反映情报学课题的动态变化情况。选用2007-2009年情报学核心期刊Journal ofthe America Society for Information Science and Technology中研究性文章的关键词为样本,通过运用三次样条插值建立一个可视化模型来表示近年来高频关键词的累计增长数量、增长速率、增长加速率,反映高频关键词的动态变化效果,揭示情报学课题的动态变化。研究结果表明,图书情报学课题的发展是阶段性的,其发展速度不是固定不变的,而是以一种周期的状态出现;其增长的加速度,也呈现一种周期性的跳跃变化,体现现代学术的严谨性和曲折性。

Generatrix shape optimization of stiffened shells for low imperfection sensitivity

According to previous studies,stiffened shells with convex hyperbolic generatrix shape are less sensitive to imperfections.In this study,the effects of generatrix shape on the performances of elastic and plastic buckling in stiffened shells are investigated.Then,a more general description of generatrix shape is proposed,which can simply be expressed as a convex B-spline curve(controlled by four key points).An optimization framework of stiffened shells with a convex B-spline generatrix is established,with optimization objective being measured in terms of nominal collapse load,which can be expressed as a weighted sum of geometrically imperfect shells.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a detailed comparison of the optimum designs for the B-spline and hyperbolic generatrix shapes.The decrease of imperfection sensitivity allows for a significant weight saving,which is particularly important in the development of future heavy-lift launch vehicles.