在VFP6中移除用户使用“表向导”工具加入的样表

用户可以通过"表向导"加入自己所需要的样表,却无法从"样表库"中移除样表。针对"表向导"功能的不足,通过使用记录删除命令,提出了移除"样表库"中用户加入样表的方法。介绍的方法简单可行,适用于VFP 6.0及其后续版本。

“成绩样表”的设置及其优点分析

介绍了"成绩样表"的结构及其格式化设置,以实例操作的形式着重说明表内有关函数和公式的设定过程,以及文件储存及其应用方法,并对该表结构的合理性和应用上的优点进行分析.

护患沟通标准样表在提高骨科住院患者满意度中的应用

目的探讨护患沟通标准样表在提高成批住院患者满意度的应用方法及效果。方法将520例住院患者按时间顺序分类对照组(254例)和观察组(266例),护士分别采用传统说教式的沟通方法和采用护患沟通标准样表的沟通方法对住院患者进行针对性的护患沟通,比较两种方法的患者满意度。结果观察组患者满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论应用护患沟通标准样表可促进护患有效沟通,提高患者满意度。

利用样表提升建设项目环境审批窗口办公效率初探

本文通过对行政审批环保窗口现状分析及利用样本提升江苏省宿迁市环保审批窗口办公效率的研究,详细说明了将建设项目环境影响申报登记样表投入窗口办公的必要性、功能性和样表使用方法。

骨科病区应用护患沟通标准样表在提高患者满意度中的作用

目的：研究分析采用护患沟通标准样表对提高患者满意度的效果。方法选取2012年4月~2013年3月入兰溪市人民医院骨科病区的患者283例作为对照组,选取于2013年4月~2014年3月入院的骨科患者297例作为实验组。实验组和对照组分别采用根据护患沟通标准样表的沟通方式和传统说教式的沟通方法对比分析两组患者的满意度情况。结果实验组和对照组得到的患者满意度评分分别为（4.18±0.51）分和（3.12±0.27）分,两组差异显著,具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论采用护患沟通标准样表进行沟通,沟通更为有效,患者满意度也得到了提高。

药学文献中几个数据表达问题

本文讨论药学文献中数据表达的几个问题，如有效数的位数，既取决于1/3SD的位数，亦要考虑到生物医学中差异高达10％，故少于均数5％以下的SD的尾数，可不予考虑。SD与SE均表示数据的分散度．而后者受样本数影响更大。作图时为了缩小篇幅，采用SE较多。二组数据差别有统计学意义，不等于具有实际意义。数据的绝对值，虽具有测定值的主观性．而其中相当重要的信息是变量(±△)。如以变量占总量的比值即相对值表示，使数据趋于整齐。定量测定的样本数通常为6—8．而定性观察每组不应小于10。小样本中反应数．不宜以％表示。

对体育实践课堂教学评价的思考

体育与健康课程中,在增强学生体质健康、培养学生体育能力的新课程理念下,到底该如何组织好体育课的教学,是广大体育工作者目前非常关心、也急于解决的问题。本文以体育教学过程中的各要素作为切入点,结合体育新课程改革的理念和多年的教学经验,采用多元的评价方法,对现行体育实践课教学评价进行了探索与思考,以对我们的教与学提供更为有效的指导,为在第一线的体育工作者的教学实践提供参考依据。

新课程理念下的体育教学评价

体育与健康课教学评价是体育教学评价和课程改革的核心,它是我们提高教学质量的主要途径。通过对一堂课的评价,不仅可以了解教师对教学的整体安排及业务水平,而且可以了解学生的体育学习情况与表现,判断学生在体育学习中存在的不足,全方位反馈教学实际,以真正发挥教学评价可以促进教学改革和提高教学质量的功能。

Study on Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits and Genetic Relationships among Core Collections of Bitter Gourd

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of agronomic traits and genetic relationships among core collections of bitter gourd.[Method] Total 141 germplasms of bitter gourd were selected,and the genetic diversity of 13 agronomic traits was analyzed.In addition,total 46 core collections of bitter gourd were employed,and their genetic relationships were analyzed based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of 5 agronomic traits,respectively.[Result] The genetic diversity analysis of agronomic traits showed that the genetic diversity indexes of the 4 qualitative traits of bitter gourd germplasms ranged from 0.46 to 1.34;the distribution of the 9 quantitative traits data was more dispersed with average coefficient of variation of 20.02%.The genetic relationship analysis showed that based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of the 5 quantitative traits,the genetic distances among the 46 core collections of bitter gourd were different.Based on the genotypic values,the genetic distances among the 46 bitter gourd core collections ranged from 0.84 to 10.71.The 46 germplasms were divided into 17 groups with the rescaled distance of 8.5,which further classified the relationships among different germplasms.[Conclusion] This study will lay a solid foundation for the effective utilization of core collections and new variety breeding in bitter gourd.

Research on Phenotypic Diversity of Different Populations of Leymus Chinensis in Zhalong Wetlands

[Objective] This paper aimed at revealing the rules of phenotypic variation of Leymus chinensis in Zhalong wetlands and providing the scientific and theoretical bases for devising protection strategies of Leymus chinensis populations in Zhalong National Nature Reserve.[Method] Four phenotypic traits of five Leymus chinensis populations in Zhalong Wetlands were comparison and analysis using principal component analysis method and UPGMA cluster analysis method.[Result] There were significant differences among the four phenotypic traits of five populations,the order of coefficients of variation were node number〉plant height〉leaf width〉leaf length;the order of variation degrees of the populations from large to small was KQH,MD,JZ,ZK,TTG population.Results of principal component analysis suggested that the four traits were all factors led to the phenotypic differences among the populations of Leymus chinensis.Leymus chinensis of five populations were divided into three groups by cluster analysis,MD,JZ and TTG were classified as one group,KQH and ZK population were individually classified as one group.[Conclusion] Leymus chinensis had large-scale phenotypic variations and showed strong adaptability to different habitats,which was very important for selection,breeding of fine varieties and germplasm conservation.

基于ASP环境的膏桐树资源管理系统

膏桐树是一种极具开发前景的经济树种,在生物柴油和生物农药的制取中有着特殊地位,我国在川、滇两省开展了广泛的研究和种植计划。随着研究的深入和种植面积的增大,传统的人工或者单机管理模式已经不能适应现今的研究发展需要。针对这些问题,该文基于ASP环境构建了膏桐树的资源管理系统,为管理人员提供日常管理操作,为研究人员提供在线复杂数据分析和决策支持。

Phenotypic Traits and Genetic Diversity of Erianthus arundinaceum Germplasm

[Objective] This study was conducted to utilize and estimate Erianthus arundinaceum resources and to develop their elite traits. [Method] Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were evaluated based on 5 quantitative traits and 21 qualitative traits of 162 accessions of Erianthus arundinaceum collected from nine provinces in China （74 in Yunnan, 15 in Fujian, 19 in Guizhou, 18 in Hainan, 14 in Sichuan, 10 in Jiangxi, 4 in Guangdong, 4 in Guangxi and 4 in Zhejiang）. [Result] The Shannon-Wiener indices of qualitative traits among the E. arundinaceum populations from different provinces were generally low. The accessions from Fujian exhibited the highest genetic diversity index （0.762 4）, while those from Guangxi showed the lowest one （0.294 2）. There were great genetic variances in quantitative traits, with mean variation coefficients ranging from 14.95% to 32.15%. The accessions from Yunnan showed the highest variation coefficient （32.15%） and those from Guangxi showed the lowest one （14.95%）. Brix exhibited extremely significant nega- tive correlation with altitude and plant height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude. Coefficients of genetic divergence indicated that a high proportion of total genetic variation was retained within the populations from different regions, and the high gene flow showed that there were active genetic exchanges among these populations, suggesting no significant genetic divergence among these populations. According to genetic distance and UPGMA, there was a certain correlation between genetic distance and different sampling regions of E. arundinaceum. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical references for resource collection , het- erosis application and development of excellent genes of sugarcane germplasm.

Near-surface velocity model construction based on a Monte-Carlo scheme

In tomographic statics seismic data processing, it 1s crucial to cletermme an optimum base for a near-surface model. In this paper, we consider near-surface model base determination as a global optimum problem. Given information from uphole shooting and the first-arrival times from a surface seismic survey, we present a near-surface velocity model construction method based on a Monte-Carlo sampling scheme using a layered equivalent medium assumption. Compared with traditional least-squares first-arrival tomography, this scheme can delineate a clearer, weathering-layer base, resulting in a better implementation of damming correction. Examples using synthetic and field data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

EST-SSR Marker-based Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rhododendron simsii Germplasm in Guifeng Mountain

Rhododendron simsii（Ericaeae：Rhododendron） has high ornamental value and ecological value.In this study,7 pairs of novel EST-SSR markers were developed from the genomic sequence of R.simsii,and they were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 32 natural R.simsii samples from Guifeng Mountain,Hubei Province.Results showed that a total of 31 polymorphic bands were amplified with allele number per locus of 4.43.Mean values of heterozygosity（Ho） and expected heterozygosity（He） were 0.679 58 and 0.723 14,respectively.This research will not only enrich the existing SSR database,but also lay a foundation for subsequent studies about molecular marker-assisted breeding,genetic diversity analysis,genetic structure analysis and phylogenetic analysis.

Ground-roll separation of seismic data based on morphological component analysis in twodimensional domain

Ground roll is an interference wave that severely degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and affects its subsequent processing and interpretation.In this study,according to differences in morphological characteristics between ground roll and reflected waves,we use morphological component analysis based on two-dimensional dictionaries to separate ground roll and reflected waves.Because ground roll is characterized by lowfrequency,low-velocity,and dispersion,we select two-dimensional undecimated discrete wavelet transform as a sparse representation dictionary of ground roll.Because of a strong local correlation of the reflected wave,we select two-dimensional local discrete cosine transform as the sparse representation dictionary of reflected waves.A sparse representation model of seismic data is constructed based on a two-dimensional joint dictionary then a block coordinate relaxation algorithm is used to solve the model and decompose seismic record into reflected wave part and ground roll part.The good effects for the synthetic seismic data and application of real seismic data indicate that when using the model,strong-energy ground roll is considerably suppressed and the waveform of the reflected wave is effectively protected.

CONTOUR EXTRACTION AND FEATURE POINT DETECTION FOR 3-D FRAGMENT REASSEMBLY

An approach to contour extraction and feature point detection in the 3-D fragment reassembly is proposed. A simple and effective technique is used for building the intrinsic topology of the fragment data suitable for contour extraction. For the scanned data in which the topology is difficult to be achieved, the corresponding solutions are given to manage this problem. A robust approach is used for the curvature and torsion calculation of the discrete contour in a 3-D space. Finally, a method is developed for detecting feature points of the fragment contour based on total curvature. Therefore, the contour description combines the simple global information with local feature points. Experiments with real contour curves extracted from 3-D fragments demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and efficient.

Cloud-point extraction and preconcentration of bisphenol A from water samples

A novel cloud-point extraction （CPE） was successfully used in preconcentration of biphenol A （BPA） from aqueous solutions. Majority of BPA is extracted into the surfactant-rich phase. The parameters affecting the CPE such as concentration of surfactant and electrolyte, equilibration temperature and time and pH of sample solution were investigated. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration of 10 mL sample gives a preconcentration factor of 11. The limit of detection （LOD） and limit of quantification （LOQ） are 0.1 μg/L and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. The linear range of the proposed method is 0.2-20 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998 7 and the spiking recove6es are 97.96%-100.42%. The interference factor was tested and the extraction mechanism was also investigated. Thus, the developed CPE has proven to be an efficient, green, rapid and inexpensive approach for extraction and preconcentration of BPA from water samples.

Bacterial Diversity of Gut Content in Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) and Its Habitat Surface Sediment

This study investigated the bacterial diversity of gut content of sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus） and its habitat surface sediment in a bottom enhancement area using PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） technique. Bacte- rial diversity evaluation showed that the value of the Shannon-Wiener index of gut content in different intestinal segments of A. ja-ponicus varied between 2.88 and 3.00, lower than that of the surrounding sediment （3.23）. Phyl0genetic analysis showed that bacte- rial phylotypes in gut content and the surrounding sediment ofA. japonicus were closely related to Proteobacteria including3,-, ct-, 8- and e-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicute, and Actinobacteria, of which 7-proteobacteria were predominant. These results sug- gested that the sea cucumber A. japonicus was capable of feeding selectively, and PCR-DGGE was applicable for characterizing the bacterial community composition in gut content and the surrounding sediment of sea cucumber. Further investigation targeting longer 16S rDNA gene fragments and/or functional genes was recommended for obtaining more information of the diversity and function of bacterial community in the gut content of sea cucumber.

Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is a small experimental animal with a close affinity to primates. This species has long been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. Despite decades of study, there is no pure breed for this animal, and the overall genetic diversity of wild tree shrews remains largely unknown. In order to obtain a set of genetic markers for evaluating the genetic diversity of tree shrew wild populations and tracing the lineages in inbreeding populations, we developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of the tree shrew. An analysis of a wild population of 117 individuals collected from the suburb of Kunming, China, showed that these loci exhibited a highly expected heterozygosity (0.616). These 12 microsatellites were sufficient for individual identification and parentage analysis. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be of use in evaluating genetic diversity and lineage tracing for the tree shrew.