钛酸钡/钡铁氧体核/壳粒子的电磁性能

在以尿素为沉淀剂制备钛酸钡（BaTiO3）/钡铁氧体（BaFe12O19）核/壳粒子的基础上, 采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对BaTiO3/BaFe12O19核/壳粒子前驱物及BaTiO3/BaFe12O19核/壳粒子的形貌、结构和成份进行了表征, 采用网络矢量分析仪对BaTiO3/BaFe12O19核/壳粒子的电磁特性进行了研究. 结果表明, 均匀共沉淀制得的BaTiO3/BaFe12O19粒子呈现核/壳结构, BaFe12O19壳层对BaTiO3的包覆均匀、完整、光滑; 在2－7GHz, BaTiO3/BaFe12O19核/壳粒子的ε′和ε″分别为10.7－17.0和0.3－0.6, 均高于BaTiO3. ε′和ε″的增大是核/壳结构所引起的界面极化加强的结果; BaTiO3/BaFe12O19核/壳粒子出现了BaTiO3所没有的磁性能, 其μ′和μ″在2~7GHz远远高于BaTiO3, 表现出了较为明显的磁损耗, 这与磁性BaFe12O19壳层的包覆有关.

贵金属核壳纳米粒子最新研究进展

贵金属核壳纳米粒子具有独特的光、电和催化性质,使其在材料科学、生物物理、分子电子学以及基于表面增强效应的荧光工程学领域具有极其广泛的应用前景。本文综述了贵金属核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及应用,并对贵金属核壳材料的发展进行了展望。

聚硫堇和磁性核/壳纳米粒子CoFe_2O_4/SiO_2修饰电极对多巴胺的测定

制备了聚硫堇(PTh)-磁性核/壳纳米粒子CoFe2O4/SiO2修饰电极。研究了神经递质多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PTh-CoFe2O4/SiO2复合膜修饰电极对DA的电催化作用优于PTh修饰电极。在pH7.5的PBS中,DA在该修饰电极上的CV曲线于-0.16V和-0.22V处出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电流显著增加。差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)氧化峰电流ipa与DA浓度在1.2×10-7～3.6×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程ipa(μA)=5.307c(μmol/L)+0.7891,r=0.9923,检出限为6.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。常见物质对DA的检测无干扰,DA注射液样品检测结果与中国药典2010版(二部)规定方法一致。

Au@SnO_2核/壳纳米粒子制备及其氧气气敏性能的研究

在预先制备的Au纳米粒子溶液中还原SnCl2合成AuSn纳米粒子,然后采用阶段性升温氧化获得Au@SnO2核/壳纳米粒子。采用XRD和TEM对合成的纳米粒子进行表征。在200℃和300℃分别测量Au@SnO2纳米粒子薄膜电阻随氧压变化的特性,结果表明,300℃条件下,当氧压为1.013×105Pa时Au@SnO2薄膜电阻是初始状态的13.75倍;200℃条件下,当氧压为1.013×105Pa时Au@SnO2薄膜电阻是初始状态的3.67倍。

环氧树脂改性核壳乳胶粒子的制备

采用预乳化-半连续种子乳液聚合工艺制备了环氧树脂改性聚丙烯酸丁酯/(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-衣康酸)(PBA/P(MMA-ITA-DGEBA))核壳乳胶粒子。采用激光粒度仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对核壳乳胶粒子进行了表征,实验结果表明:PBA/P(MMA-ITA-DGEBA)乳胶粒子确为核壳结构,双酚A型环氧树脂已经被成功接枝到核壳乳胶粒子上,由于ITA、DGEBA链段的存在,导致壳层PMMA玻璃化转变温度的(Tg)升高。

Fe3O4@Au核/壳结构纳米粒子合成研究进展

Fe3O4@Au核/壳纳米粒子具有独特的磁性和光学性质,已广泛应于生物医学领域.概述了近年来Fe3O4@Au核/壳纳米粒子的合成方法.详细介绍了Fe3O4@Au核/壳纳米粒子双层结构和多层复合结构的合成方法.

Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles supported on a metal-organic framework as highly efficient catalysts for nitroarenes reduction

Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 8–9 nm were prepared by solvothermal reduction of bivalent nickel and palladium in oleylamine and trioctylphosphine.Subsequently,the first-ever deposition of Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles having different compositions on a metal-organic framework（MIL-101）was accomplished by wet impregnation in n-hexane.The Ni@Pd/MIL-101 materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and also investigated as catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under mild reaction conditions.At 30 °C and 0.1 MPa of H2 pressure,the Ni@Pd/MIL-101 gives a TOF as high as 375 h–1 for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and is applicable to a wide range of substituted nitroarenes.The exceptional performance of this catalyst is believed to result from the significant Ni-Pd interaction in the core-shell structure,together with promotion of the conversions of aromatics by uncoordinated Lewis acidic Cr sites on the MIL-101 support.

Regulating surface In–O in In@InO_(x) core‐shell nanoparticles for boosting electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to formate

To solve the excessive emission of CO_(2) caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels and the corre‐sponding environmental problems,such as the greenhouse effect and climate warming,electrocat‐alytic CO_(2) reduction to liquid fuel with high selectivity is of huge significance for energy conversion and storge.Indium has been considered as a promising and attractive metal for the reduction of CO_(2) to formate.However,the current issues,such as low selectivity and current activity,largely limit the industrial application for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,the design optimization of the catalyst structure and composition is extremely important.Herein,we develop a facile strategy to regulate surface In–O of In@InO_(x) core‐shell nanoparticles and explore the structure‐performance relation‐ship for efficient CO_(2)‐to‐formate conversion though air calcination and subsequent in situ electro‐chemical reconstruction,discovering that the surface In–O is beneficial to stabilize the CO_(2) interme‐diate and generate formate.The optimized AC‐In@InO_(x)‐CNT catalyst exhibits a C1 selectivity up to 98%and a formate selectivity of 94%as well as a high partial formate current density of 32.6 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the catalyst presents an excellent stability for over 25 h with a limited activity decay,outperforming the previously reported In‐based catalysts.These insights may open up op‐portunities for exploiting new efficient catalysts by manipulating their surface.

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported bifunctional PtM(M=Ru,Fe,Mo)electrocatalysts for a fuel cell anode

The deposition onto an ordered mesoporous carbon（OMC）support of well dispersed PtM（M = Ru,Fe,Mo）alloy nanoparticles（NPs）were synthesized by a direct replication method using SBA-15 as the hard template,furfuryl alcohol and trimethylbeneze as the primary carbon sources,and metal acetylacetonate as the alloying metal precursor and secondary carbon source.The physicochemical properties of the PtM-OMC catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray absorption near edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure.The alloy PtM NPs have an average size of 2-3 nm and were well dispersed in the pore channels of the OMC support.The second metal（M）in the PtM NPs was mostly in the reduced state,and formed a typical core（Pt）-shell（M）structure.Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that these PtM-OMC electrodes had excellent electrocatalytic activities and tolerance to CO poisoning during the methanol oxidation reaction,which surpassed those of typical activated carbon-supported PtRu catalysts.In particular,the PtFe-OMC catalyst,which exhibited the best performance,can be a practical anodic electrocatalyst in direct methanol fuel cells due to its superior stability,excellent CO tolerance,and low production cost.

Nanoscale architecture of ceria-based model catalysts: Pt-Co nanostructures on well-ordered CeO_(2)(111) thin films

We have prepared and characterized atomically well-defined model systems for ceria-supported Pt-Co core-shell catalysts. Pt@Co and Co@Pt core-shell nanostructures were grown on well-ordered CeO2(111) films on Cu(111) by physical vapour deposition of Pt and Co metals in ultrahigh vacuum and investigated by means of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and resonant photoemission spectroscopy. The deposition of Co onto CeO2(111) yields CoCeO2(111) solid solution at low Co coverage(0.5 ML), followed by the growth of metallic Co nanoparticles at higher Co coverages. Both Pt@Co and Co@Pt model structures are stable against sintering in the temperature range between 300 and 500 K. After annealing at 500 K, the Pt@Co nanostructure contains nearly pure Co-shell while the Pt-shell in the Co@Pt is partially covered by metallic Co. Above 550 K, the re-ordering in the near surface regions yields a subsurface Pt-Co alloy and Pt-rich shells in both Pt@Co and Co@Pt nanostructures. In the case of Co@Pt nanoparticles, the chemical ordering in the near surface region depends on the initial thickness of the deposited Pt-shell. Annealing of the Co@Pt nanostructures in the presence of O2 triggers the decomposition of Pt-Co alloy along with the oxidation of Co, regardless of the thickness of the initial Pt-shell. Progressive oxidation of Co coupled with adsorbate-induced Co segregation leads to the formation of thick CoO layers on the surfaces of the supported Co@Pt nanostructures. This process is accompanied by the disintegration of the CeO2(111) film and encapsulation of oxidized Co@Pt nanostructures by CeO2 upon annealing in O2 above 550 K. Notably, during oxidation and reduction cycles with O2 and H2 at different temperatures, the changes in the structure and chemical composition of supported Co@Pt nanostructures were driven mainly by oxidation while reduction treatments had little effect regardless of the initial thickness of the Pt-shell.

A Shell Model Mass Formula for Exotic Light Nuclei

An analytic phenomenological shell model mass formula for light nuclei is constructed. The formula takes into account the non locality of the self consistent single particle potential and the special features of light nuclei, namely： （a） charge and mass distributions are closer to a Gaussian shape than to the shape characteristic in medium and heavy nuclei; （b） the central charge and mass densities are larger than, and decrease towards, the ＂asymptotic＂ values that are the reference parameters for nuclear matter; and （c） after a shell closure, the next level has a larger orbital angular momentum and a noticeably larger mean square radius. Only then a good numerical fit is obtained with parameters consistent with optical model analysis and empirical spin-orbit couplings. A correlation between the ＂skin effect＂ and the symmetry dependence of the optical potential is established. Towards the neutron drip line the potential well depth, the spin-orbit splitting of the single particle levels and the gap between major shells decrease, as has been observed. The ensuing shift and contraction of the single particle level scheme may lead to： （a） to strong configuration mixing and new magic numbers, and （b） the onset of the halo effect, to avoid the expulsion of single particle levels to the continuum.

Synthesis of magnetic core–shell structure Fe_3O_4@MCM-41 nanoparticle by vesicles in aqueous solutions

In this study, magnetic core–shell structure Fe3O4@MCM-41 nanoparticles were synthesized with vesicles as soft templates. In the preparation, Fe Cl2 and tetraethy orthosilicate(TEOS) were selected as Fe processor and Si precursor, respectively. Stable vesicles first formed in 0.03 mol·L-11:2 mixture of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. Then, TEOS was added in the vesicle aqueous solution, leading to a highly dispersed solution. After high-temperature calcination, Fe3O4@MCM-41 nanoparticles were obtained. Their structure and morphology were characterized by Saturn Digisizer, transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magneto-meter. The results indicate that the vesicles are spherical and their size could be tuned between 20 and 50 nm. The average grain diameter of synthesize magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@MCM-41 particles is 100–150 nm and most of them are in elliptical shape. The dispersion of magnetic particles is very good and magnetization values are up to 33.44 emu·g-1, which are superior to that of other Fe3O4 materials reported.

One-Step Synthesis of Magnetically Recyclable Au/Co/Fe Triple- Layered Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

Magnetically recyclable Au/Co/Fe core-shell nanoparticles （NPs） have been successfully synthesized via a one-step in situ procedure. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic （EDS）, and electron energy-loss spectroscopic （EELS） measurements revealed that the trimetallic Au/Co/Fe NPs have a triple-layered core-shell structure composed of a Au core, a Co-rich inter-layer, and a Fe-rich shell. The Au/Co/Fe core-shell NPs exhibit much higher catalytic activities for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane （NHBBH3, AB） than the monometallic （Au, Co, Fe） or bimetallic （AuCo, AuFe, CoFe） counterparts.

Oligonucleotide delivery by chitosan-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles

Porous silicon nanoparficles （pSiNPs） are a promising nanocarrier system for drug delivery owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-inflammatory nature. Here, we investigate the fabrication and characterization of thermally hydrocarbonized pSiNPs （THCpSiNPs） and chitosan-coated THCpSiNPs for therapeutic oligonucleotide delivery. Chitosan coating after oligonucleotide loading significantly improves sustained oligonucleotide release and suppresses burst release effects. Moreover, cellular uptake, endocytosis, and cytotoxicity of oligonucleotide-loaded THCpSiNPs have been evaluated in vitro. Standard cell viability assays demonstrate that cells incubated with the NPs at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL are 95% viable. In addition, chitosan coating significantly enhances the uptake of oligonucleotide-loaded THCpSiNPs across the cell membrane. Moreover, histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, spleen, and skin tissue collected from mice receiving NPs further demonstrates the biocompatible and non-inflammatory properties of the NPs as a gene delivery vehicle for intravenous and subcutaneous administration in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that THCpSiNPs provide a versatile platform that could be used as efficient vehicles for the intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides for gene therapy.

One-step preparation of carbon nanotubes with nickel as the core

CNTs with core-shell structure were successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted polyol method,and magnetic Ni nanoparticles were employed as a catalyst. The preparation method is fast and simple. The structures,morphology and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized samples were investigated using Raman spectrometer,X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM),respectively. The XRD results suggested that Ni particles used as a catalyst in our experiment were nano-sized. In this paper,magnetic Ni nanoparticles were employed as a catalyst,and an electric spark on metal Ni nanoparticles with the microwave eddy current effect could induce CNTs’ formation with the further reaction. The length of hollow carbon nanotubes was micro-sized and the diameters of most of the CNTs were varying from 18 to 20 nm according to the TEM images. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that CNTs with core-shell structure indicated a characteristic ferromagnetic behavior compared with Ni nanoparticles.

Synthesis of Ag@Cu_2O core-shell metal-semiconductor nanoparticles and conversion to Ag@Cu core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles

Ag@Cu2O core-shell metal-semiconductor nanoparticles(NPs) were prepared by using solution phase strategy. It was found that Ag@Cu2O core-shell NPs were easily converted to Ag@Cu bimetallic core-shell NPs with the help of surfactant PVP and excessive reducer ascorbic acid in air at room temperature, which is a unique phenomenon. Varying volumes of Ag colloidal solutions were added into the reaction mixtures containing fixed initial concentrations of Cu2+ and PVP, Ag@Cu2O and Ag@Cu core-shell NPs with fixed core size but varying outer shell thicknesses could be obtained. The composites, structures, morphologies and extinction properties of Ag@Cu2O and Ag@Cu core-shell NPs were systematically characterized by XRD, TEM and extinction spectra. Both of these NPs show wide tunable optical properties. The extinction peaks could be shifted from 421 nm to 700 nm. FTIR results reveal that Cu+ ions on the surface of Cu2 O nanocrystalline coordinate with N and O atoms in PVP and further are reduced to metallic Cu by excessive ascorbic acid and then form a nucleation site on the surface of Cu2 O nanocrystalline. PVP binds onto a different site to proceed with the reduction until all the Cu sources in Cu2 O NPs are completely assumed. And the shell of Cu2 O is converted to Cu shell. The synthesis approach in this paper is simple and also a promising reference for synthesizing other core-shell NPs. Ag@Cu2O NPs can be easily converted to Ag@Cu NPs in air at room temperature, which is promising to be used in electronic devices.

Investigation of the two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd nucleus ^(166)Ta using a particle-number conserving cranked shell model

The high-spin rotational properties of two-quasiparticle bands in the doubly-odd 166Ta are analyzed using the cranked shell model with pairing correlations treated by a particle-number conserving method, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia and alignments and their variations with the rotational frequency hw are reproduced very well by the particle-number conserving calculations, which provides a reliable support to the configuration assignments in previous works for these bands. The backbendings in these two-quasiparticle bands are analyzed by the calculated occupation probabilities and the contributions of each orbital to the total angular momentum alignments. The moments of inertia and alignments for the Gallagher-Moszkowski partners of these observed two-quasiparticle rotational bands are also predicted.