长寿命裂变产物核素核数据测量进展

文章对与高放废物深地层处置以及分离嬗变相关的半衰期大于10 a、裂变产额高于0.01%的13种长寿命裂变产物核素的半衰期、裂变产额和热中子反应截面的测量研究、数据现状及其进展进行概要评述。就长寿命核素的分离纯化、原子数测定及放射性活度测量方法和技术进行了分析和论述。

加速器质谱在核科学中的应用（英文）

加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)是基于加速器和离子探测器的一种高能质谱,属于一种同位素质谱(mass spectroscopy,MS),它克服了传统MS存在的分子本底和同量异位素本底干扰,因此同位素丰度灵敏度很高,对14C(T1/2=5 730 a)、10Be(T1/2=1.5×106a)和36Cl(T1/2=3.0×105a)等核素测量的丰度灵敏度均达10-15(传统MS的同位素丰度灵敏度最高为10-8).因此,AMS具有极其广泛的应用前景.简述AMS原理、技术和发展现状,介绍中国原子能科学研究院的AMS技术,及该技术在核科学与技术中的应用研究进展,包括长寿命核素半衰期的测量(如79Se),核反应微小截面的测量(如238U(n,3n)236U),长寿命谷区裂变产物核测量以及129I的AMS测量作为核设施监测、核环境与核应急检测的新方法等.

氘进入钛晶体中可能引起室温核聚变之实验探索（Ⅰ）

钛阴极重水电解实验的初步结果证实了氏机理所预言的两大特点：热效应与核产物￣４Ｈｅ．

血清lncRNA在肺结核中的表达水平及诊断意义

目的分析肺结核患者血清长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)的表达水平以及其在疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取37例肺结核患者作为肺结核组,31例结核潜在感染患者作为结核潜在感染组,另选取53例体检的体健者作为健康对照组。三组研究对象均通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法进行血清核富集常染色体转录产物1(NEAT1)、肺腺癌转移相关转录子1(MALAT1)表达水平检测。对比三组lncRNA(NEAT1、MALAT1)表达水平,肺结核组中抗酸染色阳性及阴性患者lncRNA表达水平。结果肺结核组NEAT1及MALAT1表达水平分别为(4.35±0.47)、(2.12±0.37),结核潜在感染组NEAT1、MALAT1表达水平分别为(1.12±0.34)、(1.07±0.35),健康对照组NEAT1、MALAT1表达水平分别为(1.08±0.31)、(1.02±0.41)。肺结核组NEAT1、MALAT1表达水平均高于结核潜在感染组及健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);结核潜在感染组与健康对照组NEAT1、MALAT1表达水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肺结核组中抗酸染色阳性患者NEAT1及MALAT1表达水平分别为(4.85±0.37)、(2.43±0.98),均高于抗酸阴性患者的(3.16±0.41)、(1.41±0.72),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核患者血清lncRNA中NEAT1、MALAT1表达水平均较高,在肺结核中的诊断价值较高。

芒柄花素对脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤和免疫功能的影响及其机制

目的探讨芒柄花素(Formo)调节高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤和免疫功能的影响。方法通过盲肠结扎和穿刺方法建立脓毒症大鼠,将造模后的大鼠随机分为脓毒症组、低剂量Formo(Formo-L)组(15 mg/kg Formo)、Formo中剂量(Formo-M)组(30 mg/kg Formo)、Formo高剂量(Formo-H)组(60 mg/kg Formo)、Formo-H^(+)重组HMGB1蛋白(rHMGB1)组(60 mg/kg Formo^(+)8μg/kg rHMGB1),并以仅做切口,不进行盲肠结扎或穿刺的大鼠为假手术组。干预结束后,检测大鼠肺组织湿干比(W/D);腹部取血,流式细胞术及ELISA分别检测大鼠免疫功能及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检测右肺上叶病理学变化;Western blot检测肺组织中HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB信号通路相关的蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,脓毒症组肺组织病理损伤严重,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著降低,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6水平、病理损伤评分、W/D、CD8^(+)、HMGB1、RAGE、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达比较显著增加(P<0.05);与脓毒症组相比,Formo-L组、Formo-M组、Formo-H组病理损伤得到改善,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著增加,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6水平、病理损伤评分、W/D、CD8^(+)、HMGB1、RAGE、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达显著降低,组间有差异(P<0.05);与Formo-H组相比,Formo-H^(+)rHMGB1组病理损伤加重,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著降低,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6水平、病理损伤评分、W/D、CD8^(+)、HMGB1、RAGE、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论Formo可能通过抑制HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB信号通路减轻脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤,提高免疫功能。

冷聚变研究的争论

简要介绍了冷聚变研究的争论,列举最近冷聚变研究的令人信服的实验证据,包括:反常核聚变——Fleischmann-Pons效应的实验;常温下的正常核聚变,热核聚变反应中的反常核产物的实验证据。实验证实:冷聚变是能够真实发生、可信的。

冷聚变的实验进展

本文根据国外发表的一系列资料,简单介绍最近冷聚变研究的令人信服的实验证据,包括:反常核聚变:Fleischmann_Pons效应的实验证实,常温下的正常核聚变,热核聚变反应中的反常核产物的实验证据。

宫颈癌组织中C-myb、VEGF-C的表达及意义

采用免疫组化法检测56例宫颈癌、72例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变组织中核内癌基因产物(C-myb)和淋巴管形成因子(VEGF-C)的表达,并与20例正常宫颈组织作比较。C-myb在正常宫颈组织、宫颈上皮内瘤病变(CIN)Ⅲ、宫颈癌中的阳性表达率分别为5.0%、60.7%、76.8%,组间相比,P均<0.05;病理分级Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级宫颈癌中的阳性表达率分别为94.1%、50.0%,二者相比,P<0.05。VEGF-C在CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级及宫颈癌中的阳性表达率分别为19.0%、21.7%、50.0%、53.6%,组间相比,P均<0.05;宫颈癌伴盆腔淋巴结转移者阳性率为67.7%,无淋巴结转移者为36.0%,两者相比,P<0.05;宫颈癌浸润≤1/2肌层者阳性表达率为33.3%,>1/2肌层者为65.7%,两者相比,P<0.05。认为C-myb可作为判断宫颈癌恶性行为的一项指标,VEGF-C在宫颈癌的浸润、淋巴转移过程中起重要作用。

HMGB1-RAGE/TLRs-NF-κB信号通路与脓毒症关系的研究进展

高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)作为晚期炎症因子可促进早期炎症因子释放,不断触发并维持下游炎症反应,其受体主要有晚期糖基化终产物受体和Toll样受体,受体活化后可激活各种信号通路,并激活NF-κB信号转导通路枢纽,进而上调各种炎症因子,促进炎症级联反应,进一步促进脓毒血症发展。本文对HMGB1介导的信号通路HMGB1-RAGE/TLRs-NF-κB与脓毒症关系的研究进展作一综述。

Exact Solution of Fractional Diffusion Model with Source Term used in Study of Concentration of Fission Product in Uranium Dioxide Particle

The exact solution of fractional diffusion model with a location-independent source term used in the study of the concentration of fission product in spherical uranium dioxide （U02） particle is built. The adsorption effect of the fission product on the surface of the U02 particle and the delayed decay effect are also considered. The solution is given in terms of Mittag-Leffler function with finite Hankel integral transformation and Laplace transformation. At last, the reduced forms of the solution under some special physical conditions, which is used in nuclear engineering, are obtained and corresponding remarks are given to provide significant exact results to the concentration analysis of nuclear fission products in nuclear reactor.

连续快速测定天然水中的P0—210,Bi—210和Pb—210

测定氢产物核素Ｐｂ－２１０、Ｂｉ－２１０、Ｐｏ－２１０的一种连续快速的分离方法，已成功地被应用分析天然水样，通过用相同的盐酸溶液，即可达到快速分离，加入Ｆｅ＾３＋，离后，Ｐｏ同位素首先从０．５Ｎ盐酸溶液中自动地常常在银盘上，状铂阴极匹配的网状铂阳极上。最后，加入羟氨盐酸用作阳极去极剂，Ｐｂ同位素于１．８Ｖ下，从剩余溶液中电沉积于网状铂电极上，这一方法能够用于分析气象沉降样品，采集样品后１０ｇｈ内，

RAGE/NF-κB通路对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠胎盘滋养细胞凋亡及胎盘屏障功能改变的影响

目的:探讨晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)大鼠胎盘滋养细胞凋亡及胎盘屏障功能改变的影响。方法:将受孕雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常妊娠组、模型组(GDM组)、RAGE抑制剂组(FPS-ZM1组)、RAGE抑制剂阴性对照组(FPS-ZM1 NC组)、RAGE激活剂组(RAGE组)、RAGE激活剂阴性对照组(RAGE NC组),每组20只。除正常妊娠组外,其余各组均建立GDM模型,并在妊娠第5天开始给药,连续给药2周后,比较各组空腹血糖(FBG)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)、胎盘重量、胎鼠重量、胎盘通透性、胎盘滋养细胞凋亡率;胎盘组织RAGE、NF-κB、紧密连接蛋白(TJ)、囊膜蛋白-2(Syncytin-2)、调解超家族蛋白2 A(MFSD2 A)、抗凋亡蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平的差异。结果:与正常妊娠组相比,GDM组大鼠FBG及AGE水平、胎盘重量及胎鼠重量、胎盘组织伊文思蓝(EB)含量、RAGE和NF-κB阳性表达水平、IL-6、TNF-α、Bcl-2蛋白表达均升高((印)P(正)<0.05),胎盘滋养细胞凋亡率、TJ、Syncytin-2、MFSD2 A蛋白表达均降低((印)P(正)<0.05)。与GDM组相比,RAGE组大鼠FBG及AGE水平、胎盘重量及胎鼠重量、胎盘组织EB含量、RAGE和NF-κB阳性表达水平、IL-6、TNF-α、Bcl-2蛋白表达均升高((印)P(正)<0.05),胎盘滋养细胞凋亡率、TJ、Syncytin-2、MFSD2 A蛋白表达均降低((印)P(正)<0.05);FPS-ZM1组大鼠FBG及AGE水平、胎盘及胎鼠重量、胎盘组织EB含量、RAGE和NF-κB阳性表达水平、IL-6、TNF-α、Bcl-2蛋白表达均降低((印)P(正)<0.05),胎盘滋养细胞凋亡率、TJ、Syncytin-2、MFSD2 A蛋白表达均升高((印)P(正)<0.05)。GDM组、RAGE NC组及FPS-ZM1 NC组大鼠上述指标差异均无统计学意义((印)P(正)>0.05)。结论:RAGE/NF-κB通路激活参与GDM大鼠胎盘滋养细胞凋亡及胎盘屏障功能损伤过程,抑制RAGE/NF-κB通路激活可促进胎盘滋养细胞凋亡,改善胎盘屏障功能,缓解GDM大鼠胎盘及胎鼠过度增长发育。

Isolation and identification of a bacteria strain Enterobacter cloacae I7 for degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide

A bacteria strain for the degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） was isolated from a curing pot in HPAM distribution station of Daqing Oilfield using Hungate anaerobic technique. The isolate was investigated from morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. It is a Gram-negative, shortbacillus, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria with an optimum growth at 8.0 pH at 40℃. It can reduce sulfate to I-I2S. Alignment of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer sequences suggests that this isolate is closely related to the Enterobacter cloacae. The isolate is identified as a new strain belonging to Enterobacter genus, temporarily named as Enterobacter cloacae 17. Analysis results of infrared spectroscopy （IR） show that the bacteria can use HPAM as the only carbon source, change the structure of HPAM polymer surface, and realize the hydrolysis of amide to carboxyl group by hydrolysis mechanism. It can degrade the side chain and change some functional groups, which obviously decreases the viscosity. GC-MS analysis indicates that the determined low-molecular weight degradation products of HPAM are polyacrylamide fragments with duplet bond, epoxy as well as carbonyl group, but most of them are acrylamide oligomer derivatives.

Novel biosensor-based microarray assay for detecting rs8099917 and rs12979860 genotypes

AIM:To evaluate a novel biosensor-based microarray(BBM) assay for detecting rs12979860 and rs8099917 genotypes.METHODS:Four probes specific for rs8099917C/T or rs12979860G/T detection and three sets of quality control probes were designed,constructed and arrayed on an optical biosensor to develop a microarray assay.Two sets of primers were used in a one tube polymerase chain reaction(PCR) system to amplify two target fragments simultaneously.The biosensor microarray contained probes that had been sequenced to confirm that they included the rs8099917C/T or rs12979860G/T alleles of interest and could serve as the specific assay standards.In addition to rehybridization of four probes of known sequence,a total of 40 clinical samples collected from hepatitis C seropositive patients were also tested.The target fragments of all 40 samples were amplified in a 50 μL PCR system.Ten μL of each amplicon was tested by BBM assay,and another 40 μL was used for sequencing.The agreement of the results obtained by the two methods was tested statistically using the kappa coefficient.The sensitivity of the BBM assay was evaluated using serial dilutions of ten clinical blood samples containing 10 3-10 4 white cells/μL.RESULTS:As shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,two target segments of the interleukin 28Bassociated polymorphisms(SNPs) were successfully amplified in the one-tube PCR system.The lengths of the two amplified fragments were consistent with the known length of the target sequences,137 and 159 bps.After hybridization of the PCR amplicons with the probes located on the BBM array,the signals of each allele of both the rs8099917 SNPs and rs12979860 SNPs were observed simultaneously and were clearly visible by the unaided eye.The signals were distinct from each other,could be interpreted visually,and accurately recorded using an ordinary digital camera.To evaluate the specificity of the assay,both the plasmids and clinical samples were applied to the microarray.First,30 PCR amplicons of the various SNP alleles were hybridized on the BBM microarray.Full agreement between plasmids and the BBM assay was observed,with 30/30 correct matches(100%).The kappa value for the BBM assay with plasmids was 1.00(P < 0.05).For the 40 clinical blood samples,the BBM assay hybridization and direct sequencing results were compared for each amplicon.For patient blood samples,agreement was 28/28 for rs8099917T/T,9/11 for rs8099917T/G,1/1 for rs8099917G/G,24/24 for rs12979860C/C,11/14 for rs12979860C/T,and 2/2 for rs12979860T/T.Only five clinical samples of amplicon assay and direct sequencing results were discordant and heterozygotes:2/11 rs8099917T/G and 3/14 rs12979860C/T.The agreement of outcomes between BBM assay and direct sequencing for the detection of rs8099917 and rs12979860 was 95% and 92.5%,respectively;and the corresponding kappa values were 0.88 and 0.85(A kappa value > 0.75 was defined as substantial agreement).The BBM assay and sequencing had similar specificities for detection and identification of the two SNPs and their alleles.The sensitivity evaluation showed that the BBM assay could detect and identify SNP sequences present in blood samples containing as few as 10 2 white blood cells/μL.CONCLUSION:This biosensor microarray assay was highly specific,sensitive,rapid and easy to perform.It is compatible with clinical practice for detection of rs8099917 and rs12979860.

基于Nrf2/RAGE/NF-κB信号通路探究丙泊酚对帕金森病大鼠认知障碍的影响

目的探讨丙泊酚对帕金森病(PD)大鼠认知障碍及核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)通路与糖基化终末产物受体/核因子-κB(RAGE/NF-κB)信号通路的影响。方法腹腔注射MPTP制备PD大鼠模型。按照随机数字表法将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠分为对照组(Control组)、模型组(PD组)、丙泊酚低、高剂量治疗组(Propofol-L组、Propofol-H组,分别用25、50 mg/kg丙泊酚腹腔注射)。Morris水迷宫实验与Y迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能,HE染色观察脑黑质区病理变化,试剂盒检测脑黑质区氧化应激因子(SOD、CAT、MDA)、炎症因子水平(TNF-α、IL-1β),免疫荧光染色检测脑黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH),Western blot检测RAGE、p-NF-κB p65、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达。结果与Control组比较,PD组大鼠逃避潜伏期增加,目标象限滞留时间百分比、穿过目标象限的次数、自发交替率明显减少(P<0.05),脑组织病理改变,脑黑质区MDA活性及TNF-α、IL-1β水平、RAGE、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著增加,CAT、SOD活性及TH、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与PD组比较,Propofol-L组与Propofol-H组大鼠逃避潜伏期减少,目标象限滞留时间百分比、穿过目标象限的次数、自发交替率明显增加(P<0.05),脑组织病变减轻,脑黑质区MDA活性及TNF-α、IL-1β水平、RAGE、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达显著降低,CAT、SOD活性及TH、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达显著升高,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚可改善PD大鼠认知障碍,其机制可能与激活Nrf2信号通路,抑制RAGE/NF-κB信号通路有关。

The Cytochrome b Polymorphism of Meat Lines Rabbits

The cytochrome b mtDNA was analysed from peripheral whole blood samples of meat lines rabbits. The PCR product--692 bp long fragment of Oryctolagus cuniculus_cytochrome b （0CU07566 GenBank, NCB1, USA） was amplified. Synthetically produced oligonucleotides for the detection ofcyt b were designed by own algorithm： ORYCTO-cyt b-FOR 5＇- CTA TCA GCA ATC CCA TAT ATC -3＇ and ORYCTO-cyt b-REV 5＇- CTT CAT TTG AGG ATT TTG TT -3＇. Based on AluI-RFLP were described two cytochrome b haplotypes--cyt b 430 and cyt b 306. Haplotype cyt b 430 is 571A （190Threonine-T） ＋ 877G （292Alanine-A）. The new haplotype cyt b 306 is presented A571G nucleotide substitution, i.e, 571G （190Alanine-A） ＋ 877G （292Alanine-A）.

Histone modifications and alcohol-induced liver disease:Are altered nutrients the missing link?

Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide,and alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver-related diseases and deaths.Alcohol is known to influence nutritional status at many levels including nutrient intake,absorption,utilization,and excretion,and can lead to many nutritional disturbances and deficiencies.Nutrients can dramatically affect gene expression and alcohol-induced nutrient imbalance may be a major contributor to pathogenic gene expression in alcohol-induced liver disease(ALD).There is growing interest regarding epigenetic changes,including histone modifications that regulate gene expression during disease pathogenesis.Notably,modifications of core histones in the nucleosome regulate chromatin structure and DNA methylation,and control gene transcription.This review highlights the role of nutrient disturbances brought about during alcohol metabolism and their impact on epigenetic histone modifications that may contribute to ALD.The review is focused on four critical metabolites,namely,acetate,S-adenosylmethionine,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and zinc that are particularly relevant to alcohol metabolism and ALD.

Probiotic metabolites from Bacillus coagulans GanedenBC30^(TM) support maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro

AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted metabolite(MET) fraction.A second fraction was made to generate a crude cell-wall-enriched fraction,by centrifugation and lysis,followed by washing.A preparation of MET was subjected to size exclusion centrifugation,generating three fractions:< 3 kDa,3-30 kDa,and 30-200 kDa and activities were tested in comparison to crude MET and cell wall in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) as a source of antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes.The maturation status of mononuclear phagocytes was evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies towards CD14,CD16,CD80 and CD86 and analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Treatment of PBMC with MET supported maturation of mononuclear phagocytes toward both macrophage and dendritic cell phenotypes.The biological activity unique to the metabolites included a reduction of CD14+ CD16+ pro-inflammatory cells,and this property was associated with the high molecular weight metabolite fraction.Changes were also seen for the dendritic cell maturation markers CD80 and CD86.On CD14dim cells,an increase in both CD80 and CD86 expression was seen,in contrast to a selective increase in CD86 expression on CD14bright cells.The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates effective antigen presentation to T cells and support of T helper cell differentiation.The selective expression of CD86 in the absence of CD80 points to a role in generating T regulatory cells.CONCLUSION:The data show that a primary mechanism of action of GBC30 metabolites involves support of more mature phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells,important for immunological decision-making.

The role of advanced glycation end products and their mechanism in DN

Advanced glycation end products(AGEs), which are macromolecular material such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids free amino and reducing sugar on the reaction of aldehyde group under the condition of the enzyme, generate the stable compounds. AGEs formation is enhanced in diabetes and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. AGEs, as an important marker of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. In the current review, we discuss mechanisms and the role of AGEs in diabetic nephropathy.