高迁移率族核小体结合蛋白(High-mobility group nucleosome-binding proteins,HMGN)几乎存在于所有哺乳动物和多数脊椎动物的细胞核中,属于HMG蛋白家族。HMGN是现在唯一已知的特异性结合在核小体上的非组蛋白,能够改变染色质的结构、...高迁移率族核小体结合蛋白(High-mobility group nucleosome-binding proteins,HMGN)几乎存在于所有哺乳动物和多数脊椎动物的细胞核中,属于HMG蛋白家族。HMGN是现在唯一已知的特异性结合在核小体上的非组蛋白,能够改变染色质的结构、增强染色质模板的转录/复制,参与DNA复制/表达、细胞分化、器官发育及基因表达调控等细胞的生命活动。目前,HMGN包括HMGN1、HMGN2、HMGN3、HMGN4和HMGN5。研究显示,HMGN1据其所在位置的不同,有着截然不同的功能。在细胞核内,HMGN1作为一种特殊定位的生物蛋白,与核小体直接结合而调节基因的转录和影响染色质的结构;在细胞外环境,HMGN1通过toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)促进抗原提呈细胞(Antigen-presenting cells,APCs)的活化和补充,从而促进特定抗原免疫应答。警报素(Alarmins)是一种内源性介质,当机体受到危险信号刺激时,它能快速的释放到细胞外,招募并激活APCs增强特异性免疫和非特异性免疫反应。认识HMGN及其作用对其在多方面的应用有重要意义。展开更多
Dear Editor,The nucleosome assembly protein 1(NAP-1),being a histone chaperone[1],primarily participates in the processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly,histone transport,and histone eviction.
目的·利用负染电镜技术分析人源核小体重塑及组蛋白去乙酰化酶复合物(nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex,NuRD复合物)结构,获得人源NuRD复合物的轮廓信息。方法·将C端带有3×Flag标签的MBD3(methyl-CpG bind...目的·利用负染电镜技术分析人源核小体重塑及组蛋白去乙酰化酶复合物(nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex,NuRD复合物)结构,获得人源NuRD复合物的轮廓信息。方法·将C端带有3×Flag标签的MBD3(methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3)和N端带有10×His标签的GATAD2A(GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A)克隆至pMLink表达载体中,采用聚乙烯亚胺瞬时转染过表达的方式在人源Expi293F悬浮细胞里表达NuRD复合物中的蛋白质组分;依次通过Ni-NTA亲和层析、Flag(DYKDDDDK)标签亲和层析和Superose 6 Increase 5/150凝胶过滤层析分离纯化NuRD复合物;利用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)对复合物进行组分鉴定;利用负染电镜技术结合单颗粒重构技术研究NuRD复合物的空间结构;通过UCSF Chimera软件将蛋白质数据库(Protein Data Bank,PDB)中已有亚复合物的原子结构模型(7AO9,5FXY)与生成的结构模型进行自动匹配及比对,预测多个蛋白组分在负染结构模型中的定位。结果·利用两步亲和层析,成功富集了带有纯化标签的MBD3、GATAD2A蛋白及其他内源蛋白组分,通过进一步的凝胶过滤层析分离得到了均一性良好的复合物;通过Western blotting和LC-MS/MS鉴定,确认纯化得到的复合物为组分完整的人源NuRD复合物。利用负染电镜技术及单颗粒重构技术初步解析了NuRD复合物的空间结构,其整体轮廓特征明显,呈现为不对称的长条形;通过进一步的三维优化处理,最终获得了人源NuRD复合物分辨率约为17A(1A=0.1 nm)的初步三维结构模型;已有的亚复合物原子结构模型(PDB:7AO9,5FXY)与NuRD复合物的初步三维结构模型自动匹配后,初步确定了MTA1/2/3(metastasis-associated protein 1/2/3)、HDAC1/2(histone deacetylase 1/2)、RBBP4/7(retinoblastoma-binding protein 4/7)及MBD2/3(methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2/3)蛋白亚基在NuRD复合物负染结构模型中的定位。结论·利用单颗粒重构技术搭建了人源NuRD复合物的低分辨率负染结构模型。展开更多
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissoc...Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissociated from DNA at 1M NaCl. When the salt concentration was slowly reduced to 650 mMand 300 mM, the core histones bound to the naked DNA gradually. Once the salt concentration was reduced to 50 mM the classic 'beads-on-a-string' structure was clearly visualized. Furthermore, using the technique of the in vitro reconstitution ofnucleosome,the mono- and di- nucleosomes were assembled in vitro with both HS2core (-10681 to -10970 bp) and NCR2 (-372to -194 bp) DNA sequences in the 5'flanking sequence of human b-globin gene. Data revealed that HMG 1/2 and HMG 14/17 proteins binding to both DNA sequences are changeable following the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. We suggest that the changeable binding patterns of HMG 14/17 and HMG1/2 proteins with these regulatory elements may be critical in the process of nucleosome assembly, recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, and the regulation of human b-globin gene expression.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373422)
文摘Dear Editor,The nucleosome assembly protein 1(NAP-1),being a histone chaperone[1],primarily participates in the processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly,histone transport,and histone eviction.
文摘目的·利用负染电镜技术分析人源核小体重塑及组蛋白去乙酰化酶复合物(nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex,NuRD复合物)结构,获得人源NuRD复合物的轮廓信息。方法·将C端带有3×Flag标签的MBD3(methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3)和N端带有10×His标签的GATAD2A(GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A)克隆至pMLink表达载体中,采用聚乙烯亚胺瞬时转染过表达的方式在人源Expi293F悬浮细胞里表达NuRD复合物中的蛋白质组分;依次通过Ni-NTA亲和层析、Flag(DYKDDDDK)标签亲和层析和Superose 6 Increase 5/150凝胶过滤层析分离纯化NuRD复合物;利用蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)对复合物进行组分鉴定;利用负染电镜技术结合单颗粒重构技术研究NuRD复合物的空间结构;通过UCSF Chimera软件将蛋白质数据库(Protein Data Bank,PDB)中已有亚复合物的原子结构模型(7AO9,5FXY)与生成的结构模型进行自动匹配及比对,预测多个蛋白组分在负染结构模型中的定位。结果·利用两步亲和层析,成功富集了带有纯化标签的MBD3、GATAD2A蛋白及其他内源蛋白组分,通过进一步的凝胶过滤层析分离得到了均一性良好的复合物;通过Western blotting和LC-MS/MS鉴定,确认纯化得到的复合物为组分完整的人源NuRD复合物。利用负染电镜技术及单颗粒重构技术初步解析了NuRD复合物的空间结构,其整体轮廓特征明显,呈现为不对称的长条形;通过进一步的三维优化处理,最终获得了人源NuRD复合物分辨率约为17A(1A=0.1 nm)的初步三维结构模型;已有的亚复合物原子结构模型(PDB:7AO9,5FXY)与NuRD复合物的初步三维结构模型自动匹配后,初步确定了MTA1/2/3(metastasis-associated protein 1/2/3)、HDAC1/2(histone deacetylase 1/2)、RBBP4/7(retinoblastoma-binding protein 4/7)及MBD2/3(methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2/3)蛋白亚基在NuRD复合物负染结构模型中的定位。结论·利用单颗粒重构技术搭建了人源NuRD复合物的低分辨率负染结构模型。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39893320 and 39870378)the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Kj982-j1-618).
文摘Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissociated from DNA at 1M NaCl. When the salt concentration was slowly reduced to 650 mMand 300 mM, the core histones bound to the naked DNA gradually. Once the salt concentration was reduced to 50 mM the classic 'beads-on-a-string' structure was clearly visualized. Furthermore, using the technique of the in vitro reconstitution ofnucleosome,the mono- and di- nucleosomes were assembled in vitro with both HS2core (-10681 to -10970 bp) and NCR2 (-372to -194 bp) DNA sequences in the 5'flanking sequence of human b-globin gene. Data revealed that HMG 1/2 and HMG 14/17 proteins binding to both DNA sequences are changeable following the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. We suggest that the changeable binding patterns of HMG 14/17 and HMG1/2 proteins with these regulatory elements may be critical in the process of nucleosome assembly, recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, and the regulation of human b-globin gene expression.
