This paper analyzes the role of nuclear power of China's energy structure and industry system. Comparing with other renewable energy the nuclear power chain has very low greenhouse gas emission, so it will play mo...This paper analyzes the role of nuclear power of China's energy structure and industry system. Comparing with other renewable energy the nuclear power chain has very low greenhouse gas emission, so it will play more important role in China's low-carbon economy. The paper also discussed the necessity of nuclear power development to achieve emission reduction, energy structure adjustment, nuclear power safety,environmental protection, enhancement of nuclear power technology, nuclear waste treatment, and disposal, as well as nuclear power plant decommissioning. Based on the safety record and situation of the existing power plants in China, the current status of the development of world nuclear power technology, and the features of the independently designed advanced power plants in China, this paper aims to demonstrate the safety of nuclear power. A nuclear power plant will not cause harm either to the environment and nor to the public according to the real data of radioactivity release, which are obtained from an operational nuclear plant. The development of nuclear power technology can enhance the safety of nuclear power. Further, this paper discusses issues related to the nuclear fuel cycle, the treatment, and disposal strategies of nuclear waste, and the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, all of which are issues of public concern.展开更多
Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irra...Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irradiation facility for research the goal of this paper is to show a case study of application of nuclear security and nuclear security culture code of contact in irradiation facility using cobalt 60. And it will show the necessary work done to achieve the goal of protection of radioactive material and continue working in safe conditions. This objective could not be achieved without the collaboration of all department involved in security and nuclear safety. In this work we applied the nuclear security and nuclear security culture procedures in order to define the type of system used to achieve the global objective in accordance with Global Threat Reduction Program to reduce the threat of a RDD （Radiological Dispersion Device） in collaboration with The United States Department of Energy＇s NNSA （National Nuclear Security Administration）. The objective of this paper is to share a local experience in upgrading security with return of experience in practice and very good collaboration with general direction of national security and all departments involved in security and nuclear safety.展开更多
A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was muc...A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.展开更多
Evaluation of soil erosion in agricultural fields is valuable to develop conservation practices for reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Soil erosion rates were quantified using the fallout radionuclide tr...Evaluation of soil erosion in agricultural fields is valuable to develop conservation practices for reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Soil erosion rates were quantified using the fallout radionuclide tracer technique in Mojiagou Basin located on the outskirts of Changchun in Northeast China. The calculated soft erosion rates in the study area were 1.99 and 1.85 mm year-1 using 137Cs and excess 210pb （210Pbex） measurements, respectively. Both fallout radionuclides showed a similar tendency at downslope sites. All measured sites have experienced net erosion during the past 50 to 100 years. 137Cs and 210Pbex measurements were useful to quantify soil erosion rates on field and small basin scales. At this rate of erosion, the current fertile topsoil layer would be entirely removed within 70 years.展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes the role of nuclear power of China's energy structure and industry system. Comparing with other renewable energy the nuclear power chain has very low greenhouse gas emission, so it will play more important role in China's low-carbon economy. The paper also discussed the necessity of nuclear power development to achieve emission reduction, energy structure adjustment, nuclear power safety,environmental protection, enhancement of nuclear power technology, nuclear waste treatment, and disposal, as well as nuclear power plant decommissioning. Based on the safety record and situation of the existing power plants in China, the current status of the development of world nuclear power technology, and the features of the independently designed advanced power plants in China, this paper aims to demonstrate the safety of nuclear power. A nuclear power plant will not cause harm either to the environment and nor to the public according to the real data of radioactivity release, which are obtained from an operational nuclear plant. The development of nuclear power technology can enhance the safety of nuclear power. Further, this paper discusses issues related to the nuclear fuel cycle, the treatment, and disposal strategies of nuclear waste, and the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, all of which are issues of public concern.
文摘Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irradiation facility for research the goal of this paper is to show a case study of application of nuclear security and nuclear security culture code of contact in irradiation facility using cobalt 60. And it will show the necessary work done to achieve the goal of protection of radioactive material and continue working in safe conditions. This objective could not be achieved without the collaboration of all department involved in security and nuclear safety. In this work we applied the nuclear security and nuclear security culture procedures in order to define the type of system used to achieve the global objective in accordance with Global Threat Reduction Program to reduce the threat of a RDD （Radiological Dispersion Device） in collaboration with The United States Department of Energy＇s NNSA （National Nuclear Security Administration）. The objective of this paper is to share a local experience in upgrading security with return of experience in practice and very good collaboration with general direction of national security and all departments involved in security and nuclear safety.
基金China Polar Science Strategy Foundation(Grant No.20120316)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.20111080965)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11205094&41106167)
文摘A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2007CB407205)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX1-YW-09-13)+1 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2011BAD31B00)the National Major Science and Technology Program of China for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.009ZX07106-03-01)
文摘Evaluation of soil erosion in agricultural fields is valuable to develop conservation practices for reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Soil erosion rates were quantified using the fallout radionuclide tracer technique in Mojiagou Basin located on the outskirts of Changchun in Northeast China. The calculated soft erosion rates in the study area were 1.99 and 1.85 mm year-1 using 137Cs and excess 210pb （210Pbex） measurements, respectively. Both fallout radionuclides showed a similar tendency at downslope sites. All measured sites have experienced net erosion during the past 50 to 100 years. 137Cs and 210Pbex measurements were useful to quantify soil erosion rates on field and small basin scales. At this rate of erosion, the current fertile topsoil layer would be entirely removed within 70 years.
