核能发展已进入新时代,中国已是全球核能发展和建设最快的国度。在全球核能持续增长的背景下,对核能经济方面的研讨显得尤为关键。本文以中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集相关文献记录为数据来源,使用CiteSpace可视化分...核能发展已进入新时代,中国已是全球核能发展和建设最快的国度。在全球核能持续增长的背景下,对核能经济方面的研讨显得尤为关键。本文以中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集相关文献记录为数据来源,使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件,分别从核能经济研究的时间序列、国家、机构、学者、热点和前沿等维度,对国外和国内核能经济的相关研究进行可视化分析。同时,梳理和明确国内外核能经济研究的发展脉络、演进规律以及前沿趋势。展开更多
AT the National Energy Work Conference in January 2011,the Chinese government doubled its 2020 target for installed nuclear energy capacity which was set four years ago,to 86 million kW.The country’s current energy s...AT the National Energy Work Conference in January 2011,the Chinese government doubled its 2020 target for installed nuclear energy capacity which was set four years ago,to 86 million kW.The country’s current energy shortage partly drives the decision as does its ongoing commitment to the international community for energy conservation and emission reduction.According to up-to-date statistics from the Nuclear Energy Institute of the U.S.that were made available at the conference,the number of nuclear power plants under construction in China accounts for more than 40 percent of the global total,ranking China first in the world for number of plants under construction.展开更多
China’s first intense beam proton linear accelerator has been built at the CAS Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, marking a major progress in research into the accelerator-driven system for developing clean...China’s first intense beam proton linear accelerator has been built at the CAS Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, marking a major progress in research into the accelerator-driven system for developing clean nuclear energy in this country.展开更多
This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventio...This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell （MSC） by atmospheric plasma spraying are well established. Procedures and techniques for stacking and cell/stack performance tests are continuously improved to enhance the quality and reliability. Innovative nano-structured catalysts, in which reduced Pt and CeOz particles dispersed onto the A120~ carriers can effectively prevent the migration and coalescence of the metal crystallites, are thermal stable and possess a conversion ratio higher than 95% for reforming of natural gas. A non-premixed after-burner/reformer is designed and fabricated, and it has passed the prerequisite functional tests. Layouts including stacks, components of BOP, power conditioning and control as well as gases and water supply, are designated for a 1-kW SOFC power system. In compliance with system requirements, operating modes, data acquisition, power conditioning, instrumentations, and control logics have been identified and settled. After successive system validation tests, two modules of 18-cell stacks are allocated into the SOFC system. Test results indicate a thermal self-sustaining system on natural gas is achieved with a power output of around 760 watts.展开更多
The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with ...The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with the aid of advanced equipment and the international cooperation mechanism,Chinese scientists yielded significant results,such as the discovery of the antisigma-minus hyperon and the proof of the law of partial conservation of axial current(PCAC).After the Sino-Soviet split,Chinese scientists’activities at the institute were hampered by political tensions,eventually resulting in China’s withdrawal from the JINR in 1965.But through the involvement at the JINR,Chinese scientists were trained in scientific practices and participated in international exchange and cooperation which turned them into a new force in China’s nuclear industry,boosting its nuclear weapons,particle physics theory,and accelerator technology.In the meantime,the scientists’activities extended the international influence of the JINR.The withdrawal of China from the institute impacted both the JINR and the development of science in China.展开更多
In concert with governmental policy for promoting the use of biofuels, the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research （INER） is dedicated to the research and development of technologies for cellulosic ethanol production. ...In concert with governmental policy for promoting the use of biofuels, the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research （INER） is dedicated to the research and development of technologies for cellulosic ethanol production. A pilot plant for cellulosic ethanol production with a capacity of one ton in dry biomass per day was established in 2007 and launched test-run operations for mass production in early 2010. The feedstock is focused on rice straw currently, but is also flexible for sugarcane bagasse and hardwood. The operative experiences and the experimental data will provide valuable information for the evaluation of production cost as well as the foundation for design of a commercial production plant in Taiwan. Additionally, this pilot plant will also serve as an important platform for validation of technologies related to cellulosic ethanol production and biorefinery operations. The biomass-to-ethanol process of this plant is based on the route of biochemical conversions. Developed and developing technologies, such as acid hydrolysis pretreatment, high solid to liquid ratio hydrolysis, in-house cellulase production, xylose fermentation, and the distillation and dehydration processes will be introduced.展开更多
文摘核能发展已进入新时代,中国已是全球核能发展和建设最快的国度。在全球核能持续增长的背景下,对核能经济方面的研讨显得尤为关键。本文以中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集相关文献记录为数据来源,使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件,分别从核能经济研究的时间序列、国家、机构、学者、热点和前沿等维度,对国外和国内核能经济的相关研究进行可视化分析。同时,梳理和明确国内外核能经济研究的发展脉络、演进规律以及前沿趋势。
文摘AT the National Energy Work Conference in January 2011,the Chinese government doubled its 2020 target for installed nuclear energy capacity which was set four years ago,to 86 million kW.The country’s current energy shortage partly drives the decision as does its ongoing commitment to the international community for energy conservation and emission reduction.According to up-to-date statistics from the Nuclear Energy Institute of the U.S.that were made available at the conference,the number of nuclear power plants under construction in China accounts for more than 40 percent of the global total,ranking China first in the world for number of plants under construction.
文摘China’s first intense beam proton linear accelerator has been built at the CAS Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing, marking a major progress in research into the accelerator-driven system for developing clean nuclear energy in this country.
文摘This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell （MSC） by atmospheric plasma spraying are well established. Procedures and techniques for stacking and cell/stack performance tests are continuously improved to enhance the quality and reliability. Innovative nano-structured catalysts, in which reduced Pt and CeOz particles dispersed onto the A120~ carriers can effectively prevent the migration and coalescence of the metal crystallites, are thermal stable and possess a conversion ratio higher than 95% for reforming of natural gas. A non-premixed after-burner/reformer is designed and fabricated, and it has passed the prerequisite functional tests. Layouts including stacks, components of BOP, power conditioning and control as well as gases and water supply, are designated for a 1-kW SOFC power system. In compliance with system requirements, operating modes, data acquisition, power conditioning, instrumentations, and control logics have been identified and settled. After successive system validation tests, two modules of 18-cell stacks are allocated into the SOFC system. Test results indicate a thermal self-sustaining system on natural gas is achieved with a power output of around 760 watts.
基金supported in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2018186)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.11775207。
文摘The work of Chinese scientists conducted at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR)(1956–1965)was inextricably linked to the Sino-Soviet relations in the 1950 s–1960 s.During the early stage of the JINR,with the aid of advanced equipment and the international cooperation mechanism,Chinese scientists yielded significant results,such as the discovery of the antisigma-minus hyperon and the proof of the law of partial conservation of axial current(PCAC).After the Sino-Soviet split,Chinese scientists’activities at the institute were hampered by political tensions,eventually resulting in China’s withdrawal from the JINR in 1965.But through the involvement at the JINR,Chinese scientists were trained in scientific practices and participated in international exchange and cooperation which turned them into a new force in China’s nuclear industry,boosting its nuclear weapons,particle physics theory,and accelerator technology.In the meantime,the scientists’activities extended the international influence of the JINR.The withdrawal of China from the institute impacted both the JINR and the development of science in China.
文摘In concert with governmental policy for promoting the use of biofuels, the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research （INER） is dedicated to the research and development of technologies for cellulosic ethanol production. A pilot plant for cellulosic ethanol production with a capacity of one ton in dry biomass per day was established in 2007 and launched test-run operations for mass production in early 2010. The feedstock is focused on rice straw currently, but is also flexible for sugarcane bagasse and hardwood. The operative experiences and the experimental data will provide valuable information for the evaluation of production cost as well as the foundation for design of a commercial production plant in Taiwan. Additionally, this pilot plant will also serve as an important platform for validation of technologies related to cellulosic ethanol production and biorefinery operations. The biomass-to-ethanol process of this plant is based on the route of biochemical conversions. Developed and developing technologies, such as acid hydrolysis pretreatment, high solid to liquid ratio hydrolysis, in-house cellulase production, xylose fermentation, and the distillation and dehydration processes will be introduced.
