水稻幼苗根叶伸长动态观察

为培育合格的机插秧苗,观察了水稻幼苗根叶伸长动态。结果表明,N节叶片、N-1节叶鞘、N-3节节根同步伸长;1叶1心期,第一层节根—胚芽鞘节节根萌发伸长,至4叶1心期,共有4节节根及其分枝根萌发,在秧盘底部缠结成网,确保秧苗连片不散,便于带土机插。

甜菜苗期根系生育动态观察

甜菜苗期根系发育速度很快，到幼苗８片真叶展开时，主根已深达土层７５ｃｍ，侧根伸展３６ｃｍ以上，表面积达４０４ｃｍ２；７４．７％的根量集中在１０～３０ｃｍ土层中为主要的吸收层；苗期根、叶生长表现出明显的相关性；Ｐ、Ｎ对根、叶的作用因叶龄而异。甜菜苗期形成庞大的根系，是获得甜菜高产高糖的基础。

小麦生长素响应因子TaARF6转基因烟草植株分子鉴定

【目的】生长素响应因子(ARF)在介导生长素信号传递和调控下游生长素响应基因的表达中发挥着重要功能。本文旨在以在富集丰磷特异表达基因的小麦根系c DNA差减文库中鉴定的1个ARF类别的家族成员TaARF6为基础,对该基因c DNA序列、分子特征、不同供磷水平下该基因在根、叶中表达模式及遗传转化TaARF6对丰磷和缺磷条件下植株形态的影响进行较全面研究,阐明该小麦生长素响应因子基因介导不同供磷水平下对植株生长特性的影响。【方法】采用生物信息学工具预测TaARF6编码蛋白特征;采用溶液培养法培养丰、缺磷处理小麦幼苗,采用半定量RT-PCR技术鉴定TaARF6在丰、缺磷处理下的表达特征。采用DNA重组技术构建将TaARF6编码阅读框融合至表达载体中的表达质粒,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法建立超表达TaARF6转基因烟草植株。采用琼脂培养和溶液培养法,培养丰、缺磷不同供磷水平下野生型植株和转基因烟草植株,进而利用常规分析方法鉴定不同磷水平下植株长势、根系和茎叶生物量和植株根叶形态及性状。【结果】1)TaARF6编码生长素响应因子(ARF)型转录因子,编码蛋白中含有ARF家族成员具有的保守结构域。该基因在氨基酸水平上与源于短柄草Bd ARF6和源于水稻的Os ARF6具有高度同源特征。表达分析表明,TaARF6在根、叶中均呈典型低磷下表达下调、复磷后表达再度回升模式,表明该基因表达受到外界供磷水平的调节。2)遗传转化结果表明,在正常生长和低磷逆境下,与野生型植株相比,转基因烟草株系幼苗和植株形态明显增大。3)丰、缺磷不同供磷水平下,与未转化的野生型(WT)对照植株相比,转基因系(Line 3和Line 5)植株幼苗和植株根系、茎叶和单株鲜、干重均较野生型显著增加。此外,与WT相比,转基因系植株根系数量增多、主侧根长度、根体积、叶面积和根冠比增加。【结论】TaARF6编码典型的生长素响应因子,其编码蛋白具有生长素响应因子特有结构域。TaARF6对环境中的低磷胁迫逆境能产生明显应答。上调表达TaARF6基因,具有增加植株根、叶鲜、干重和改善根叶及植株形态的生物学功能。本研究表明,通过对植株体内生长素响应基因的转录调控,TaARF6在介导植株不同供磷水平下的根叶形态建成和干物质累积过程中发挥着重要作用。

起垅覆草对苹果园土壤温、湿、气变化的影响

对7a生新红星苹果采取行内起垄覆草处理,结果表明:起垅覆草对果园土壤具有改善其物理性状、调节温度和保持水分等多种作用。处理区表层土壤孔隙度提高6 5%,土壤含水量增加4 7%,冬季增温4 6℃,夏季降温达13 7℃。由于综合改善了根系生态条件,从而明显促进了根系生长发育,表层土壤中的根系分布比例增高。

Impacts of Primo MAXX Growth Regulator on the Growth of Bermuda Grass

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Primo MAXX growth regulator on growth of Bermuda grass,explore appropriate application concentration of Primo MAXX on Bermuda grass,and provide basis for the application of Primo MAXX in Bermuda meadow.[Method]The height,leaf colour and the aerial part＇s fresh weight of Bermuda grass treated with different concentrations were researched using single factor random block test.[Result]Primo MAXX application effectively reduced the height in all treatment without significant difference;appropriate application of Primo MAXX can enrich the color;and 35 days after application,Bermuda grass roots were become thicker.[Conclusion]The application of Primo MAXX with effective dose of 150-300 g/hm2 on Bermuda grass in southern China is more appropriate.

Relative position of seeds driven the seedling growth are mediated by root-leaf traits

Variations in plant traits are indicative of plant adaptations to forest environments,and studying their relationships with tree growth provides valuable insights into forest regeneration.The spatial arrangement of plant seeds within the forest litter or soil critically infuences the variations of root-leaf traits,thereby affecting the adaptive strategies of emerging seedlings.However,our current understanding of the impacts of individual root-leaf traits on seedling growth in different relative position,and whether these traits together affect growth,remains limited.This study focuses on the dominant tree species,Castanopsis kawakamii,within the Sanming C.kawakamii Nature Reserve of China.The present experiment aimed to examine the variations in root-leaf traits of seedling,focus on the relative positions of seeds within different layers:beneath or above the litter layer,or within the bare soil layer(without litter).Our fndings provided evidence supporting a coordinated relationship between root and leaf traits,wherein leaf traits varied in conjunction with root traits in the relative positions of seeds.Specifcally,we observed that seedlings exhibited higher values for specifc leaf area and average root diameter,while displaying lower root tissue density.The mixed model explained 86.1%of the variation in root-leaf traits,surpassing the variation explained by the relative positions.Furthermore,soil nitrogen acted as a mediator,regulating the relationship between seedling growth and root-leaf traits,specifcally leaf dry matter content and root tissue density.Therefore,future studies should consider artifcially manipulating tree species diversity based on root-leaf traits characteristics to promote forest recovery.

青藏高原麻花艽仿生栽培技术研究

采用对比设计对麻花艽仿生栽培方式和常规栽培进行试验。结果表明:在青海麻花艽适生地区采用仿生栽培方式种植麻花艽更接近麻花艽的野生环境。麻花艽的出苗期、第二年返青期均早于常规栽培方式;出苗密度、返青率、单株叶片数、叶长、单株鲜重、根鲜重等均显著高于常规栽培方式;龙胆苦苷含量与常规栽培没有显著差异。仿生栽培方式的人力、物力的投入量少于常规栽培。

Contribution of leaf growth on the disappearance of fungicides used on tea under south Indian agroclimatic conditions

The sprayed chemicals on tea leaves disappear over a period of time by the influence of rainfall elution, evaporation, growth dilution, and photodegradation. Influence of plant growth on the four fungicides (hexaconazole, propiconazole, tridemorph, and c) was studied to know the constructive loss of fungicides. The study shows that residues of fungicides sprayed on tea shoots got diluted by the growing process. The expansion of a leaf took 8 to 11 d and more than 50% of the fungicide residues were cleaned out during this leaf expansion period. Under south Indian agroclimatic condition, the fungicides are sprayed at an interval of 10 d, so it is safe that the tea is harvested on the 10th day of the application of fungicides.