三叶香茶菜茎叶与根块保肝效果比较研究

目的通过对三叶香茶菜茎叶与根块对四氯化碳(CCl4)致肝损伤小鼠保护作用的比较研究,掌握两者的护肝作用,为这一具有民族特色的中草药开发利用提供一定的理论基础。方法采用CCl4致肝损伤小鼠模型,观察三叶香茶菜茎叶与根块下调小鼠血清ALT和MDA水平,以评价两者的护肝作用。结果三叶香茶菜茎叶组和根块组对CCl4致肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT和MDA水平具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),相同剂量组间比较护肝作用相当(P>0.05)。结论三叶香茶菜茎叶与根块对CCl4致肝损伤具有一定保护作用,且两部分护肝作用效果相当。

应用六西格玛管理方法降低爆破根块率

针对白云鄂博铁矿爆破根块率偏高问题,运用了六西格玛管理方法予以改善及控制。通过利用六西格玛管理方法分别从定义、测量、分析、改进、控制五个方面进行开展并应用。应用表明其爆破质量得到有效地改善,爆破根块率降低到16个/万t,并产生经济效益约15万元,为确保矿山有序生产提供了基础保证。

守望被压抑的生命——品析牛汉的《巨大的根块》

通过品析《巨大的根块》这首诗,笔者发现牛汉的诗作之中隐含着一种对被压抑生命的守望,这种"守望"体现在两个方面,一方面是生命在困苦的逆境中坚韧的存在着,即坚韧性;另一方面是对被压抑的生命形态还要充分的展现其作为生命形态的内在活力,即反抗性。同时,笔者可以感到一种顽强自然生命和现实环境的强烈比照,诗人把内在的生命体验成功的投射到他的诗歌当中,我们可以深切地体味他真实地内在顽强的生命本质。

庙沟铁矿降底根块率的实践

通过现场工业试验和总结，对爆破参数和炸药搭配使用方案进行了优化，取得了的爆破效果。

“木生葛根”栽培技术要点

1．选地。土层深厚的荒山荒坡、森林采伐迹地、河边堤岸、田头地角、房前屋后均可。

优化爆破标准提高爆破质量

通过对影响爆破质量各因数的分析,制订出提高爆破质量的技术和管理措施,并认真地贯彻落实,以达到提高爆破质量的目的。

关于单模的顶点和核的一点注记

设G为有限群,k是特征为p的代数闭域(p>0).另设S是单kG-模,V(S)是S的一个顶点,Ker(S)是S的核.在本文中,若Op′(G)■Z(G)且每个属于主p-块的单kG-模S均有V(S)■Ker(S),则对每个x∈G,令Q=P∩Px,G中存在一个包含Op′(G)的正规子群H,满足Q∈Sylp(H)且|NH(Q)/Q|=|Op′(G)|.另外,设B为G的一个p-块,得到了B为p-根块的一个充分条件.

Root Growth of the Annual Tillering Grass Panicum miliaceum in Heterogeneous Nutrient Environments

To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on the root growth of P. miliaceum when its roots were allowed to extend from original patch into destination patch. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were low, coarse root biomass ratio (coarse root biomass in the D/total coarse root biomass), coarse root length ratio (coarse root length in the D/total coarse root length), coarse root surface area ratio (coarse root surface area in the D/total coarse root surface area) and fine root length ratio (fine root length in the D/total fine root length) were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, while fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface index, and fine root surface area density were smaller in the former than in the latter. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were high, fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface area index and fine root surface density were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, coarse roots did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly. When the roots extended from the original patches with the same nutrient level into the destination patches with contrasting nutrient levels, fine root biomass and its percentage allocation did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly, whereas both root length and root surface area did. This indicates that the fine roots of P. miliaceum responded to difference in nutrient supply by plasticity in their length and surface area, rather than in their root biomass.

Investigation on the Appropriate Dose of ^(60)Co-γ Irradiation for Tubers of Purple Sweet Potato

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appropriate dose of 60^Co-γ irradiation for tubers of purple sweet potato.[Methods] The tubers of two purple sweet potato varieties Xuzi L-7 and Yuenanzi were used as experimental materials,and treated with 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses（0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 Gy） to determine the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per seedling.[Results] After the 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses,the emergence period of tubers was postponed while the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per plant were decreased,and the differences between different varieties and different irradiation doses reached significance level.Compared with the control,the emergence period of tubers at irradiation doses above 25 Gy were postponed by 2,3,5,6 and 12 d,respectively.[Conclusion] The half lethal dose（LD50） of Xuzi L-7 was 66.73 Gy,and that of Yuenanzi was 74.96 Gy.

Effects of Seedling-cake Integrated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Resistance of Bacterial Wilt in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

[Objective] The aim was to investigated the effects of seedling-cake with AMF on resistance of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） to bacterial wilt. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization, disease index, morbidity rate, control effect and several agronomic traits of mycorrhizal seedlings after inoculation with RS in two kinds of seeding-cakes with AMF. [Results] Two kinds of seedling-cakes formed steadily mycorrhizal colonization after inoculation, which enhanced disease-resistance and decreased morbidity rate and disease index in different degrees. What’s more, the performance of self-made seedling-cakes was obviously better than that of commercial seedling-cakes. [Conclusions] Self-made seedling-cakes with AMF have superior performance on bacterial wilt resistance of pepper, which should be made use of in other crops extensively.

β-Amylase Is Predominantly Localized to Plastids in the Developing Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato

Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.

Screening of Highly Effective Sinorhizobium meliloti Strains for 'Vector' Alfalfa and Testing of Its Competitive Nodulation Ability in the Field

Seventeen Sinorhizobium meliloti strains from seven provinces in China were used to screen highly effective strains for alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse study and their symbiotic relationship and competitive ability were studied in the field. CCBAU30138 was the most effective strain, as evidenced by increase in dry weights. A field experiment showed that the inoculation of alfalfa with CCBAU30138 resulted in increases of 11.9% and 19.6% of dry matter production and crude protein production, respectively, in forage of monocultured plants. The total dry matter yields of alfalfa and tall fescue in binary culture were increased by 16.3% by inoculation of alfalfa with this strain. These results showed that S. rneliloti strain CCBAU30138 was an effective inoculant both in the greenhouse and in the field. The analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from nodule extracts showed that the strain CCBAU30138 had high competitiveness in the field. It occupied 47.5% of nodules in alfalfa monoculture and 44.4% of nodules in alfalfa-tall fescue binary culture after 20 weeks of growth. In conclusion, a simple system to select highly effective and competitive symbiotic strains specific to alfalfa was established. Using this system, a s.train suitable for the alfalfa cultivar ‘Vector＇ grown in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province was obtained.

Potential of Fermentation in Detoxifying Toxic Cassava Root Tubers

Quantitative determination of hydrogen cyanide （HCN） content in a toxic local cassava variety ＂Rutuga＂ with an initial total HCN of 16.65%, free HCN of 9.19% and bound HCN （cyanoglycosides） of 7.46% in the fresh peeled root tubers was done to assess the effectiveness of aquatic and terrestrial （heap） fermentation in detoxifying cassava root tubers for obtaining dried product used in making flour. This was indirectly done by getting the difference in HCN content that remained after processing the root tubers using some traditional processing techniques. The findings indicated that aquatic fermentation in water from river Rwizi for 4 days only removed 1.23% of total HCN, 0.05% of free HCN and 2.68% of Cyanoglycosides （bound HCN） while terrestrial （heap） fermentation for 4 days removed 50.33% of total HCN, 20.84% of free HCN and 86.66% of Cyanoglycosides （bound HCN）. Therefore, terrestrial （heap） fermentation has a higher potential in removing total HCN, free HCN and cyanoglycosides （bound HCN） than aquatic fermentation, especially in water from river Rwizi.

Preliminary Findings on Yield Response of Potatoes （Solanum tuberosum） to Umostart Super Zn （11.46,0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates）

Field trials to determine the yield response of potatoes to Umostart Super Zn （USZ） fertilizer （11.46.0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates） were carried out in 2004 using the cultivar Tigoni. During the long rains season, the treatments included USZ at 15 kg ha^-1 at planting; 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; and 45 kg ha^-1 at planting. Treatments during the short rains included USZ at 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; 40 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 split into 25 kg ha^-1 at planting and 25 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; and 60 kg ha^-1 at planting. USZ was contrasted with Diammonium phosphate （DAP） fertilizer （18：46：0） at 300 kg ha^-1 and 500 kg ha^-1 applied at planting and a control in which no fertilizer was applied. The DAP 300 kg ha^-1 treatment was however, not included during the long rains season. The highest tuber yields among the USZ treatments were obtained in plots treated with 45 kg ha^-1 （27.11 t ha^-1） during the long rains and 60 kg ha^-1 （55.17 t ha^-1） during the short rains season. Application of USZ resulted in a yield increase of at least 3.90 and 19.06 t ha^-1 during the long and short rains seasons respectively.

Perception of Agricultural Science/Home Economics as a Career among Senior Secondary School Students in Abia State, Nigeria

Ibeku High School in Umuahia Municipality was chosen for this project based on the criteria set by the supervising bodies; the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria （ARCN）, and the coordinating Research Institute; the National Root Crops Research Institute （NRCRI）, Umudike. Adopting a participatory approach involving the research team, students and agricultural science teachers, some tuber and root crops-based technologies were demonstrated at the school farm. One hundred and nine respondents drawn for the study was to assess their interest and career in agriculture and occupational values. Students make important decisions that are strongly linked to their attitudes towards such activities. Poor student enrolment into agricultural professionals have been blamed on poor emolument of agricultural personnel and lack of motivational incentives in accordance with the nature of the profession among others, resulting to the profession＇s unattractiveness to young minds. In Nigeria, the attitude of youths towards agriculture as a profession has been responsible for the low level of agricultural production in the country. The main solution to the problem is getting young people involved in agriculture despite the fact that many people portray agriculture as a life of penury; thus the urgent need to change the negative view of agriculture and encourage them to embrace the vocation. The young people or youth have been identified as constituting the major resource base for any country which wants to embark on any meaningful agricultural and rural development projects. The focus of this study was to assess the influence of students＇ attitudes, enrolment and choice of agriculture as a profession in Ibeku High School in Umuahia Municipality. Fifty-nine percent of the respondents were males, while 41.0% were females and they were all single. About 9.1% of the respondents belonged to the Young Farmers＇ Club （YFC） at school, while a greater percentage of the students had interest in the pursuit of other careers than agriculture. The Government should enforce policies of establishing farms in schools, well equipped and with experienced teaching staff in agriculture to advance the profession to a higher level.

Effect of Different Organic Nutrient Sources and Two NPK Rates on the Performance and Nutrient Contents of A Newly Released Cassava Variety

A field experiment was conducted to determine the response of a newly released cassava variety （TMS 98/0510） in Nigeria to three sources of organic manure （poultry waste, pig dung and goat dung at 10 t/ha）, two levels inorganic fertilizer （N：P：K 15：15：15 at 200 and 400 kg/ha） and a control treatment. The six treatments were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on yields and yield related agronomic and morphological traits. Data were also collected on soil nutrient content at planting and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the leaf stem and roots. The results showed that the soil used in this experiment was low in organic matter and other nutrients except available P. Inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased leaf area, however yield and growth related traits like plant height, number of leaves, stem yield, tuber girth, number of roots and harvest index were not significantly different among the treatments. Contrary to expectations manure and fertilizer treatments did not increase fresh root yield in this cassava variety. They did not also influence the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the stem, leaf and root. This response suggests that cassava varieties bred for farmers＇ conditions in Nigeria, which are inherently low in soil nutrients, may not respond to additional nutrient input. Breeders should therefore select cassava for dual adaptation to low and high nutrient levels in the soil to meet the needs of a wider spectrum of farmers and to justify government and extension support for the use of input by farmers in Nigeria.

Regulation of Anthocyanin during Storage Root Development Stage in Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)

Anthocyanin accumulation during storage root development in purple-fleshed sweet potato was analyzed by detection of anthocyanin concentration, accumulation rate and the expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Anthocyanin concentration in sweet potato cvs Jishu 18 and Ayamurasaki increased steadily during storage root development stage. The accumulation rate in two genotypes peaked at 50 to 65 d after transplanting, and then declined rapidly. During storage root development of Ayamurasaki, the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene, IbCHS, was constitutively expressed, the genes IbF3H, IbDFR, IbANS were induced steadily, reaching a maximum at the later stage of root thickening, and IbPAL steadily decreased. Therefore, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin biosynthesis was regulated through regulation of its synthetic enzymes.

Successful en bloc resection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma directly invading the stomach and pancreas

Multivisceral surgical resection for cure was successfully performed in a 70-year-old man suffering from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated with direct invasion to the stomach and pancreas.The patient presented with gastric outlet obstruction,upper abdominal pain and a history of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Upper gastro-intestinal(GI)endoscopy revealed an infiltrating tumor protruding through the gastric wall and obliterating the lumen.Computer tomograghy(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan demonstrated a 15-cm tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver with invasion to the stomach and pancreas.Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP)levels and liver function tests were normal.The patient underwent an en bloc left hepatectomy,total gastrectomy,distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and radical lymphadenectomy.Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated,giant cell HCC involving the stom-ach and pancreas.Disease-free margins of resection were achieved.The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.Sixteen months after surgery,he has norecurrence or distal metastasis.Direct invasion of HCC into the GI tract is rarely encountered.Complete surgical resection should be considered in selected patients with an appropriate hepatic functional reserve.

Contamination of Harvested Organs in Root Crops Grown on Chlordecone-Polluted Soils

Chlordecone, one of the most persistent organochlorine pesticides, was applied between 1972 and 1993 in banana fields in the French West Indies, which results in long-term pollution of soils and contamination of waters, aquatic biota, and crops. As human exposure to chlordecone is mainly due to food contamination, early research was focused on chlordecone transfer to crops. Field trials were conducted to investigate chlordecone contamination of yam, sweet potato, turnip, and radish grown on a Ferralic Nitisol polluted by chlordecone. We also carried out trials on yam, courgette, and tomato under greenhouse conditions with homogenized Andosol and Nitisol, polluted by chlordecone to various extents. Our results indicated that i) all tubers were contaminated in accordance with the chlordecone content of the soils; ii) the plant contamination capacity of the Nitisol was greater than that of the Andosol; and iii) whatever the soil type, tuber contamination was related to the soil volumetric content of dissolved chlordecone. Nevertheless, no tubers showed sufficient chlordecone uptake for efficient soil decontamination by means of plant extraction. Soil contact accounted for most of the root crop contamination, which was inversely proportional to the tuber size. Internal transfer might also increase root crop contamination when the root central cylinder contained raw sap flow, as in the case of turnip or radish. Courgette fruits showed high contamination without soil contact. Thus, further research is needed to explore the pattern of both below- and aboveground plant chlordecone contamination and assess the hypothesis of its correlation with sap flow. Finally, we used our results to build a decisionmaking tool for farmers, relating soil pollution with the maximal contamination of the harvested organs to predict crop contamination and thus assisting farmers in making crop choices at planting in order to conform with the European Union's regulations.

An Empirical Study of Business English Teachers’ Knowledge Structures in Different Course Modules

The establishment of Business English (abbreviated as BE hereafter) as an independent discipline for undergraduate education appeals to the higher professionalism of BE teachers' knowledge structure. This paper introduces the results of a study that, by in-depth semi-structured interviews, investigated the knowledge structure of 18 teachers across three different BE course modules. Data are analyzed based on grounded theory. Eleven knowledge types required of a qualified BE teacher across three different structures (i.e., three BE course modules) are identified. The construction of BE teachers' knowledge structures differs in the three BE course modules. The findings are a meaningful supplement to the theoretical analysis of the “should-be” description of BE teachers’ knowledge structure and can improve the understanding of the constituents of BE teachers' knowledge structures at a micro-level, which should, in turn, provide references for different module teachers' development.