大豆品种—根瘤菌株最佳组合筛选试验

在5个大豆品种[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]上分别接种12个大豆根瘤菌菌株[其中1株快生型(Rhizobium Japonicum)其余11株均为慢生型(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)]和一个土壤上清液样品;接种后28天和48天分别测定各处理的单株结瘤数、单株根瘤鲜重、单株茎叶干重、单株茎叶含氮量以及28天至48天单株茎叶的氮积累量。结果表明,不同根瘤菌菌株对上述5个指标的影响,不论在28天或48天都有差异(P=0.01);而不同大豆品种对上述5个指标的影响,28天时无差异而48天都表现出差异(P=0.01);并且28天和48天的茎叶含氮量有品种×菌株相互作用效应外,而其他指标均没有品种×菌株相互作用效应。参试菌株以22—10、USDA123,Tal377,E84,USDA110固氮效率较高,大豆品种以绥83—495在结瘤、固氮方面表现较优良。

云南景东县豆科固氮树种及根瘤菌资源调查

对云南景东县豆科固氮树种进行调查采集与鉴定,确认并记录70种与相应的根瘤菌(菌株)共生的豆科固氮树种。其中,云实亚科1属1种,含羞草亚科6属20种,蝶形花亚科23属49种。根瘤大小不一,形状各异,有球形、椭圆形、棒状、珊瑚状;表面颜色有浅黄色、棕黑色、棕色或黑色。对以活体保存的材料进行根瘤菌的分离、鉴定,获得并保存了分别与其中38种豆科树种相共生的根瘤菌菌株147株。调查表明,在景东县及云南南亚热带区域和热带区域,不仅拥有可供在多方面开发利用的豆科固氮树种,且具有丰富的可供科研和开发利用的根瘤菌资源。

不同根瘤菌与紫云英主栽品种的共生匹配性

研究不同根瘤菌与我国紫云英主栽品种的共生匹配性,筛选广谱且固氮能力强的菌株用于接种,对提高紫云英固氮能力具有重要的实践意义。本研究以8株分离自不同主产区的根瘤菌和8个紫云英主栽品种为研究对象,水培试管验证8株根瘤菌中有6株可以与8个主栽品种建立良好的共生关系,选取共生效果较好的4株进行蛭石盆栽复筛试验,测定紫云英的有效瘤数、根瘤鲜重、固氮酶活性、干重、氮素积累量。结果显示,与不接种的阴性对照相比,接种根瘤菌能显著增加紫云英的干重和氮素积累量。不同紫云英品种与4株复筛菌株共生固氮体系中地上部及地下部干重、地上部及地下部氮素积累量分别是不接种对照的3。23~7。12倍、1。64~4。12倍、12。72~37。84倍和5。42~13。63倍。不同紫云英品种与4株复筛菌株共生固氮体系的固氮能力有差异,弋江籽、宁波大桥与4株复筛菌株共生固氮体系中的地上部及地下部干重、地上部及地下部氮素积累量显著高于信紫1号,分别是信紫1号的1。78~1。87倍、1。68~1。99倍、1。14~2。08倍、1。74~2。40倍。菌株7653R与8个主栽品种的共生固氮体系中平均有效瘤数、根瘤鲜重、固氮酶活性显著大于其他3株菌株,是其他3株菌株的1。17~1。19倍、1。15~1。22倍、1。38~1。45倍。双因素交互分析显示根瘤菌菌株对紫云英的有效瘤数、根瘤鲜重、干重、氮素积累量的贡献率为50。79%~87。64%,大于紫云英品种(7。17%~32。83%)。本研究初步建立了不同根瘤菌菌株与紫云英主栽品种的匹配关系,为在田间试验中进一步筛选和应用这些菌株提供了理论支撑。

Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Iraqi Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates for Abiotic Stress Performance

Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is being grown in harsh environment in Iraq and is mostly subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, pH and temperature. Both alfalfa and its nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti are affected by these environmental stresses. Enhancing nitrogen fixation biologically could be achieved through selection of tolerant strains of S. meliloti to these environmental stresses and inoculating them to the crop, also growing tolerant cultivars. This study examines phenotypic diversity for tolerance to drought, salinity, temperature and pH. Sixty isolates sampled from different areas of Iraq. The results revealed high degree of phenotypic diversity in Sinorhizobium populations. Furthermore, the isolates which showed tolerance to drought stress also showed tolerance to salinity and high degree of temperature, indicating direct relationship between three physiological path ways. Also 58.3% of drought tolerant isolates were alkaline tolerant they tolerated up to pH 9, point to say almost all drought tolerant isolates in this study illustrated strong ＋ positive reaction to catalase enzyme. And 91.6% themes were negative for Gelatinase enzyme test. While only 50% of drought sensitive isolates were negative for drought sensitive isolates could grow at high temperature （42 ℃）.

Physiological Characteristics of Rhizobia Isolated from Retama raetam （Forsk） and Lupinus various （L.） Indigenous to Libyan Desert

A total of 20 rhizobial isolates obtained from root-nodules of Retama raetam （Forsk） and Lupinus various （L.） were studied for their ability to tolerate local environmental and chemical stresses. Six fast and one slow growing reference strains were included for comparison. Numerical analysis showed that the reference strains were separated from test isolates. The majority of isolates displayed a high tolerance to extreme temperatures; some even grew at 48 ℃ and grew at alkaline and acid pH. Regarding tolerance to salinity on agar medium, the majority of the isolates grew at 6% NaCl, but some isolates from Lupinus various were more resistant, grew even at 8% NaCl. Most isolates were resistant to heavy metals, but were sensitive to most antibiotics tested.