免耕栽培对超级杂交水稻根系特性和产量形成的影响

本试验以福建省杂交水稻品种Ⅱ优航2号为研究对象,分析了两种耕作方式对杂交水稻根系特性和产量的影响。结果表明:免耕移栽方式比常规移栽更能提高水稻根系活力、根干重及根冠比,而在产量方面,则稍微低于常规移栽,但两者之间差异不显著。

灌溉方式对草莓光合特性和根系生长的影响

以草莓丰香为材料,探讨三种灌溉方式(沟灌、滴灌、滴灌+半基质)对粘性土壤条件下草莓产量、光合生理指标和根系生长的影响。结果表明:与沟灌相比,滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式均能促进草莓的生长和增加其产量,单株产量分别增加36.89%和29.30%,开花期草莓叶片光合速率提高了41.56%和34.46%;在结果期,水分利用率提高了28.69%和24.65%,根冠比提高了51.78%和29.28%;滴灌+半基质方式和滴灌方式更有利于根系生长,开花期根体积提高了164.25%和78.72%、根鲜重提高了117.18%和84.07%、结果期根系活力提高了70.98%和48.38%;滴灌+半基质栽培灌溉方式是一种适宜粘性土壤草莓的灌溉方式。

不同品种菊苣中菊苣多糖含量与饲用价值比较

[目的]比较不同品种菊苣(普那、将军、大叶和G-5)的饲用和药用价值,为药饲兼用型菊苣新品种的选育提供理论基础。[方法]室内采用苯酚-硫酸法测定鲜、干菊苣叶片与根系总糖,采用3,5二硝基水杨酸盐比色法测定还原糖含量,计算菊苣多糖含量;小区随机区组试验测定鲜草产量和地下根系产量,莲坐期测定7个常规营养成分,采用LSD法对鲜草和根系产量进行方差分析。[结果]菊苣多糖含量干草高于鲜草,叶片含量较少,根系含量最高。菊苣新品系G-5的根系产量达364 kg/667 m^(2)、根系菊苣多糖含量达42.53 g/kg,均为各品种最高,同时其鲜草产量显著高于其他3个品种,达7161 kg/667 m^(2)。菊苣G-5粗蛋白和粗脂肪分别为25.48%和3.17%,高于其他3个品种。[结论]菊苣G-5多糖含量高,鲜草和地下根系产量高,营养价值高,表现出较好的药用和饲用价值。

Effects of Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching plus Bunch Planting on Root and Yield of Foxtail Millet

Effects of water-permeability plastic film plus bunch planting on root growth and development and yield of foxtail millet were studied by randomized block design. The results showed that water-permeability plastic film mulching plus bunch planting had a significant promoting effect on root growth and development and yield of foxtail millet. Compared with the CK, the total root length, total surface area, total root volume and number of. root tips increased by 51.30%, 47.89%, 48.39% and 41.63%, respectively. The yield increased by 48.57%, and there was significant positive correlation between root length, total surface area, total volume, number of root tips and dry matter weight of roots with yield. Developed roots are the main reason for the yield increasing effect of water-permeability plastic film mulching plus bunch planting.

Comparative mapping of QTLs for Al tolerance in rice and identification of positional Al-induced genes

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity in acid soils. In this study, a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) population derived from a cross between an Al sensitive lowland indica rice variety IR1552 and an Al tolerant upland japonica rice variety Azucena, was used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Al tolerance. Three QTLs for relative root length (RRL) were detected on chromosome 1, 9, 12, respectively, and 1 QTL for root length under Al stress is identical on chromosome 1 after one week and two weeks stress. Comparison of QTLs on chromosome 1 from different studies indicated an identical interval between C86 and RZ801 with gene(s) for Al tolerance. This interval provides an important start point for isolating genes responsible for Al tolerance and understanding the genetic nature of Al tolerance in rice. Four Al induced ESTs located in this interval were screened by reverse Northern analysis and confirmed by Northern analysis. They would be candidate genes for the QTL.