栽培方式对菘蓝农艺性状及产量和品质的影响

栽培方式对中药材产量和品质影响较大。本研究为了探讨河西走廊绿洲灌溉区菘蓝的最佳栽培方式,通过田间试验,采用栽培模式(平作和垄作)和覆膜方式(不覆膜、覆白膜和覆黑膜)二因素随机区组试验设计,设置6个处理。按照播种至收获每月一次定期采集菘蓝植株样品,测定了6种栽培方式下菘蓝根农艺性状指标、板蓝根产量及检测成分(R,S)-告依春含量。结果表明,不同栽培方式对菘蓝根长、根直径、单株根干重的累积动态、板蓝根产量和质量均具有显著影响。垄作覆黑膜栽培菘蓝根的快速生长持续期最长,根系最发达,根长、根直径和单株根干重均较高。板蓝根产量以垄作覆黑膜栽培最高(4 514.4 kg·hm^(-2)),垄作覆白膜产量最低(3 116 kg·hm^(-2));(R,S)-告依春含量以垄作覆白膜最高(2.61 g·kg^(-1)),垄作不覆膜最低(1.37 g·kg^(-1))。在不同栽培方式下,菘蓝主根长、根直径和单株根干重生长随生长时间均呈现"S"型生长趋势,符合Logistic生长模型。河西走廊绿洲灌区菘蓝收获板蓝根适宜栽培方式为垄作覆黑膜栽培。

Effects of Soil pH on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Tobacco Plants

In order to clarify the relationships between soil pH and flue-cured tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation, effects of soil pH on root morphology and vigor, aboveground agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that on the whole, the intensity of soil pH on flue-cured tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation ranked as pH=6＇s 〉 pH=7＇s 〉 pH=5＇s 〉 pH=4＇s 〉 pH=8＇s. Acidic soil （pH=4） was not conducive to the early growth of tobacco plants, reduced root vigor and affected dry matter accumulation; and alkaline soil （pH=8） was not conducive to the growth of tobacco roots and shoot, reduced root vigor and affected dry matter accumulation. In conclusion, the suitable pH of soil for growth of flue-cured tobacco in Xiangxi is 5-7, but weakly acidic soil is the best.