热水河小流域香薷根系力学性能分析

探究植被根系力学性能,对于山区小流域滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害防治过程中如何评估植被护坡性能具有重要意义。以四川省凉山彝族自治州喜德县境内热水河小流域的常见植物香薷为研究对象,对其进行原位拉拔试验与室内单根拉伸试验以获取其根系力学性能指标,并采用灰色关联分析法研究了香薷根幅、根长、地径、冠幅、株高与其原位抗拔力的关联性,分析了香薷单根根径、根长、根系含水条件对其室内单根抗拉力的影响。结果表明:香薷不同生长量指标与其原位抗拔力的关联度由大到小依次为根幅、根长、地径、冠幅和株高,换言之,由香薷地下生长量指标(根幅与根长)表征香薷原位抗拔力效果更好;香薷室内单根抗拉力与根径之间关系呈现正相关;香薷自然根系和浸泡根系的平均抗拉强度随根长增长总体呈现降低趋势,而干燥根系情况正好相反;香薷根系平均抗拉强度随根系含水率降低总体呈现增大趋势。研究结果可为热水河等山区小流域植被生态护坡和水土保持研究提供一定参考。

玉米多品种间作对土壤团聚体组成和稳定性的影响

为阐明玉米多品种间作对土壤团聚体组成和稳定性的影响,通过为期2 a的田间试验,测定并分析了单品种单播(T1)、两品种间作(T2)、三品种间作(T3)和四品种间作(T4)下根质量密度(RMD)、根长密度(RLD)与土壤团聚体粒级和稳定性指标[大于0.25 mm粒径团聚体含量(R_(>0.25))、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)]的变化规律。结果显示,与单品种单播相比,间作处理(T2~T4)的RMD、RLD、MWD、GMD、R_(>0.25)均呈递增趋势。与T1相比,T2、T3、T4处理的RMD分别显著(P<0.05)提高232%、657%、702%,RLD分别显著提高515%、1508%、1531%;干筛法测定的R_(>0.25)分别显著提高0.65、0.89、1.02百分点,MWD分别显著提高7.2%、10.7%、15.7%,GMD分别显著提高13.1%、21.1%、31.9%;湿筛法测定的R_(>0.25)分别显著提高4.34、9.42、11.81百分点,MWD分别显著提高19.6%、41.2%、54.9%,GMD分别显著提高27.0%、64.9%、87.8%。综上,玉米多品种间作可通过提高根质量密度和根长密度等根系特征,改善土壤团聚体的粒径分布及其稳定性。

植被护坡中根土相互作用机制研究现状及趋势

基于根系的形态,探讨了根系中纤维素与木质素含量高低、拉伸延长率与根系力学强度的关系;由根系本身的强度、土体性质及根土接触程度对根土相互作用的影响,分析得出根系本身的力学强度越高、根和土的接触越紧密,越有利于根土相互作用时对土体抗剪强度的提高;提出根系中纤维素及木质素含量、拉伸延长率对护坡植物根系本身力学性质的影响而引起土体抗剪强度的变化,并指出植物根系通过生物化学作用改善植物生长环境、改良土质的工程应用前景.

Effects of Soil pH on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Tobacco Plants

In order to clarify the relationships between soil pH and flue-cured tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation, effects of soil pH on root morphology and vigor, aboveground agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that on the whole, the intensity of soil pH on flue-cured tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation ranked as pH=6＇s 〉 pH=7＇s 〉 pH=5＇s 〉 pH=4＇s 〉 pH=8＇s. Acidic soil （pH=4） was not conducive to the early growth of tobacco plants, reduced root vigor and affected dry matter accumulation; and alkaline soil （pH=8） was not conducive to the growth of tobacco roots and shoot, reduced root vigor and affected dry matter accumulation. In conclusion, the suitable pH of soil for growth of flue-cured tobacco in Xiangxi is 5-7, but weakly acidic soil is the best.

Effect of Garlic Straw on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Continuous Cropping Soil and Root Activity of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

Taking tomato ＂Kate two＂ as the experimental material, the effects of different dosage of garlic straw on physical and chemical characteristics of continuous cropping soil and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied. The results showed that after applying with garlic straw, maximal and minimal temperatures in 0-15 cm soil layers were directly proportional to the amount of returned garlic straw, which were 2.39 ℃ and 1℃ higher than that of the control respectively. The unit weight was decreasing upon the amount of applied garlic straws of soils in different depths, but the porosity of soil was increasing. For example, unit weight and porosity changed the most significantly in soils in the depths of 0-10 cm, which went down by 6.71% and 6.18%, respectively. Besides, garlic straw returning to field improved soil pH, reduced soil conductivity and soil acidification and relieved soil secondary salinization, especially in 0-20 cm soil layers. In addition to that, the application of garlic straw increased the root activity of tomato （max 31.45%）, and delayed root system senescence in late stage. Therefore, garlic straw returning could improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil by succession planting and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse.

Effects of Soil pH，Texture，Moisture，Organic Matter and Cadmium Contenton Cadmium Diffusion Coefficient

The supply of cadmium from soil to plant roots mainly depends on the diffusion process. This work was conducted tostudy the effect of some soil properties on cadmium diffusion coefficient (D) in soil. Measurements were made using the Shofield and Graham-Bryce's isotopic labelling method. Cadmium diffusion coefficients varied from 10￣(-7) to 10￣(-9) cm￣2s￣(-1),Higher values were observed in acid sandy soils and lower values in calcareous clay soils. Liming an acid soil resulted in a sub-stantial decrease of D. Addition of cadmium as nitrate salt generally increased D, while addition of sewage sludge and organ-ic matter resulted in a significant decrease of cadmium diffusion. The rhizospheric activity also induced a moderate reduction in D. The relationships between D 10￣(-9)cm￣2s￣(-1)) on the one hand and soil PH, moisture (Mc, g kg￣(-1)), organic matter (OM, gkg￣1 ), clay (Cy, g kg￣(-1)) and cadmium content (Cd, mg kg￣(-1)) on the other were obtained by the multigle regression:D=182. 1-29.g1 pH+0.210Mc-0.303OM+0.011Cy+1.64Cd (R￣2=0.859,n=22 ).