姚安彝家根谱梅葛的发源地

姚安，安静。因为，这里有古刹、古府、古君祠；姚安，闹腾。因为．这里有花灯、梅葛、坝子腔；姚安是一个“白天烤太阳，晚上冻月亮”的地方，似乎和它配合的颜色就是“蓝色”和“红色”.

薄层色谱法对水和乙醇作丝瓜根成分提取溶剂的比较研究

筛选出分离效果优于文献的展开剂，分别用水和乙醇作溶剂提取丝瓜根成分，作薄层色谱，以薄层色谱上的斑点作指标成分进行比较。结果表明，水可以代替乙醇作为丝瓜根成分的提取溶剂。

植物经济谱研究进展

以叶和根经济谱为基础,分析了植物经济谱,并进一步探讨了植物经济谱地上、地下的相关性,同时对其相关性研究进行了评价。基于现有研究成果,笔者针对叶寿命、比叶面积、光合速率、呼吸速率以及氮和磷含量共变,详细阐述了叶经济谱;针对根直径、根干物质含量、比根长、氮和碳含量、水溶性化合物、纤维素和木质素浓度共变,详细阐述了根经济谱。同时,通过对功能性状共变的解析,得出地上、地下部分植物经济谱的相关性。为更好地认知植物经济谱,笔者提出如下建议:增加研究植物经济谱的物种和群落,对全部植物功能性状参数进行分析整合,建立全球植物经济谱模型,探讨环境因子对植物经济谱的影响。对植物经济谱的详细分析和探讨,可为这一新研究方向提供技术支持。

基于二维PMCC鲁棒特征参数的语音识别

在噪声环境语音识别中,如何提取鲁棒性特征参数是其核心问题之一,首先提出了一种二维根倒谱特征参数,然后,该参数结合基于最小方差无失真响应谱估计的特征参数(PMCC)。最终,发现了一种新颖的鲁棒特征参数,在不同的信噪比下,它能成功地被用于连续语音识别中。试验结果表明,在不同的噪声环境和信噪比下,二维PMCC鲁棒特征参数比传统Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)和感知线性预测(PLP)有更好的识别率。

Influence of thermal history on conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution

It is necessary to clarify the influence of thermal history on the conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution in order to optimize Bayer alumina production. The interconversion of various solution species in the systems was investigated by measuring the infrared spectra of sodium aluminate solution with different compositions after separate heat treatment, dilution and concentration. The results show that increasing temperature or prolonging holding time favors the transformation of Al2O（OH）2- to Al—OH vibration（condensed Al O4 tetrahedral aluminate ion） at about 880 cm-1 and Al（OH）-4. A12O（OH）2-66 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions convert rapidly to Al（OH）-4 during the dilution process; however, the back transformation of Al（OH）-4 to the Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can occur in diluted sodium aluminate solution. As for the concentration process, the transformation of Al（OH）-4 to A12O（OH）2-6 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can take place, while it is relatively difficult to transform to A12O（OH）2-6.

Correlation analysis between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts from Radix isatidis

Aim To study the correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources. Methods Ten batches of Radix isatidis EtOAc extracts were analyzed with HPLC and the fingerprints were established. The influence of EtOAc extracts on the thermogenic curve of growth of Escherchia coli was obtained by microcalorimetry. The chemical differences of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources in the HPLC fingerprints were probed with hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity analysis. The correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities was analyzed with multivafiant correlation analysis. Results Close correlation existed between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis. Conlusion The combination of HPLC fingerprints and antibacterial activities can be used to discover principle components of Radix isatidis on bioactivity.

“梅葛”不会绝唱——读《〈梅葛〉的文化学解读》

《〈梅葛〉的文化学解读》一书的出版,标志着彝族优秀文化"梅葛"已由口耳相传到书面整理出版,到对"梅葛"理论研究迈出了重要一步,对于使更多的人了解认识"梅葛",传承"梅葛"优秀文化遗产,打造"梅葛"彝族文化名片,都有着极其重要的意义。

车轮·悬架系统的振动分析与优化

车轮一悬架系统的振动分析需要依据其数学模型，本文将建立车轮一悬架系统的非线性模型．考虑车轮的自身阻尼特性。采用系统控制理论建立系统的运动微分方程．通过傅里叶变换将运动微分方程转换成车轮部分系统频率响应函数．分析车轮部分的幅频特性和加速度均分根值谱，得出车轮一悬架系统的振动优化方法。最后将系统模型导入到ADAMS仿真软件中，结合桑塔纳2000的数据进行优化方法的验证。即合理控制车轮的刚度和悬架的阻尼系数能减小车轮部分的断裂危害和改善汽车整体平顺性。

Feasibility investigation on deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer developed for in-situ detection of acid radical ions

A newly developed Deep Ocean Compact Autonomous Raman Spectrometer （DOCARS） system is introduced and used for in-situ detection of acid radical ions in this paper. To evaluate the feasibility and capability of DOCARS for quantitative analysis of the acid radical ions in the deep ocean, extensive investigations have been carried out both in laboratory and sea trials during the development phase. In the laboratory investigations, Raman spectra of the prepared samples （acid radical ions solutions） were obtained, and analyzed using the method of internal standard normalization in data processing. The Raman signal of acid radical ions was normalized by that of water molecules. The calibration curve showed that the normalized Raman signal intensity of SO4^2-, NO3^-, and HCO^-3 increases linearly as the concentration rises with correlation coefficient R^2 of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 respectively. The linear function obtained from the calibration curve was then used for the analysis of the spectra ,data acquired in the sea trial under a simulating chemical field in the deep-sea environment. It was found that the detected concentration of NO3 according to the linear function can reflect the concentration changes of NO~ after the sample was released, and the detection accuracy of the DOCARS system for SO^2-_4 is 8%. All the results showed that the DOCARS system has great potential in quantitative detection of acid radical ions under the deep-sea environment, while the sensitivity of the DOCARS system is expected to be improved.

Microwave digestion polarography for determining seven trace elements in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root and compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root injection simultaneously

The sensitive second derivative waves of Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ)and Mn(Ⅱ),forming in the substrate solution(pH=9.26)consisting of ammonia,ammonium chlorid,gelatin and ascorbic acid were researched.The peak potentials of the polarographic waves of the seven ions are at about 0.48,0.63,0.79,1.04,1.28,1.44 and 1.60 V respectively.Combining with microwave technique,a new method for the simultaneous determination of the seven trace elements in Chinese traditional medicine was developed.The method is easy to operate,rapid,simple and convenient.When the signal-to-noise rate equals 3,the detection limits of Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn are 4.2×10 3,5.3×10 3,2.1×10 3,5.8×10 4,3.0×10 3,7.7×10 4 and 1.1×10 3 μg/mL respectively.Well linear relationships exist between the concentrations and the peak currents when Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn concentrations are within 8.5×10 3 10,9.7×10 3 10,4.5×10 3 10,1.2×10 3 10,6.4×10 3 10,1.5×10 3 10 and 2.8×10 3 10 μg/mL,respectively.The method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the seven trace elements in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root and compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root injection,the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of the Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn in the two medicines are 3.9% and 5.8%,4.0% and 4.1%,4.3% and 5.7%,4.9% and 5.3%,4.4% and 4.7%,3.5% and 4.0%,0.51% and 2.8%,respectively;the comparisons of the determination results with the values obtained by the standard method indicate that the presented method has very well veracity.

Determination of Organic Acids in Root Exudates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography: I. Development and Assessment of Chromatographic Conditions *1

Methods for determining nine low molecular weight organic acids in root exudates were developed by using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV (ultraviolet) detection at 214 nm. The mobile phase was 18 mmol L -1 kH 2PO 4 adjusted to pH 2.25 with phosphoric acid and the flow rate was 0.3 mL min -1 . The analytical column was a reversed phase silica based C 18 column (Shim pack CLC ODS). The root exudates were collected through submerging the whole root system into aerated deionized water for 2 hours. The filtered exudate solutions were concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporation at 40 °C, dissolved in 10 mL mobile phase. The chromatographic conditions of organic acid determination were analyzed. The results showed that there was a high selectivity and sensitivity in the organic acid determination by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Coefficients of variation for organic acid determination were lower than 10% except lactic acid. The recoveries were consistently between 80.1% to 108.3%. Detection limits were approximately 0.05 to 4.5 mg L -1 for organic acids except succinic acid with the detection limit of 7.0 mg L -1 . Phosphorus deficiency may contribute to the release of organic acids in soybean root exudates especially malic, lactic and citric acids.

Unravelling Hydrogen Adsorption Kinetics on Ir(111)Electrode in Acid Solutions by Impedance Spectroscopy

The kinetics for hydrogen(H)adsorption on Ir(111)electrode has been studied in both HClO_(4) and H_(2)SO_(4) solutions by impedance spectroscopy.In HClO_(4),the adsorption rate for H adsorption on Ir(111)increases from 1.74×10^(-8)mol·cm^(-2)·s^(-1) to 3.47×10^(-7)mol·cm^(-2)·s^(-1) with the decrease of the applied potential from 0.2 V to 0.1 V(vs.RHE),which is ca.one to two orders of magnitude slower than that on Pt(111)under otherwise identical condition.This is explained by the stronger binding of water to Ir(111),which needs a higher barrier to reorient during the under potential deposition of H from hydronium within the hydrogen bonded water network.In H_(2)SO_(4),the adsorption potential is ca.200 mV negatively shifted,accompanied by a decrease of adsorption rate by up to one order of magnitude,which is explained by the hindrance of the strongly adsorbed sulfate/bisulfate on Ir(111).Our results demonstrate that under electrochemical environment,H adsorption is strongly affected by the accompanying displacement and reorientation of water molecules that initially stay close to the electrode surface.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Germacrone in Rat Plasma

Aim A reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method wasdeveloped for determination of germacrone in rat plasma. Methods The plasma samples were treatedwith acetonitrile and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 244 nm. Results The limit of detectionwas 100 ng·mL^(-1) for germacrone in plasma and the linear range was 0.1004-15.06 μg·mL^(-1) inplasma. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day assay was 1.87% - 4.29% and 1.29% -5.15%, respectively.The recoveries of germacrone were over 95%. The endogenous substances in plasma did not show anyinterference in the analysis. Conclusion The method is accurate and convenient, and suitable forpharmacokinetic studies of germacrone in rats.

A new germacranolide from Carpesium cernuum

As a part of our interest in biologically active germacranolides from the genus Carpesium （Compositae）, we have investigated the constituents of Carpesium cernuum. This paper reports the isolation and structural elucidation of a new germacranolide, cernolide A （Compound 1）, from the herb. The structure of Compound 1 was determined as 2α,3β-dihydroxy-9-angeloxygermacra-4-en-6,12-olide on the basis of spectral evidence. The skeleton of Compound 1 was elucidation by IR, MS, ^1H and ^13C NMR, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. The stereochemistry of Compound 1 was deduced by ROESY spectral data. Finally, the procedures of extraction and isolation were described in detail.

Lunar titanium abundance characterization using Chang'E-1 IIM data

Lunar titanium characterization is an important goal of the China Lunar Exploration Program. We suggest a method to determine the lunar titanium abundance using Chang'E-1 IIM (Interference Imaging Spectrometer) imagery. Using samples from Apollo and Luna landing sites, the method firstly establishes the spectral parameters that possess good non-linear correlations with lunar titanium abundance. Secondly, the method estimates lunar titanium abundance using a DT-SVM (Decision Tree Method C5.0-Support Vector Machine) method. Namely, according to the established spectral parameters, it uses the C5.0 algorithm to classify the titanium abundance into the 4 classes of very low, low, intermediate and high. Then, in terms of the spectral parameters and the corresponding classes, it employs the SVM to estimate the titanium abundance. The method makes good use of hyperspectral information, analyzes the nonlinear correlations between spectral characteristics of lunar soils and the composition parameter, and well determines the titanium abundance. Validated by the Apollo and Luna station samples, the RMSE (root mean square error) is 0.72wt% TiO2 and the correlation coefficient of the measured and predicted values is 97.29%. So, the method proposed in this paper has a good predictive capability for TiO2 abundance on the lunar surface. The maps of TiO2 content in the partial region of Sinus Iridium, the Apollo 17 landing site and the Apollo 16 landing site are constructed by our method. This paper demonstrates the potential of IIM data for the investigation of lunar surface chemistry and mineralogy.

Stem cell lineage in body layer specialization and vascular patterning of rice root and leaf

Since the first appearance of vascular plants during evolution, the plant body has become specialized for adaption to land conditions. Much of our knowledge of plant body specialization and the origins of tissues from stem cells have been obtained from studies on the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana. However, less is known about plant body specialization in monocots, another important branch of angiosperms. In this study, we analyzed stem cell lineage and differentiation during development of the root and leaf of the monocot model plant rice(Oryza sativa). Our results showed that three body layers of rice are established from stem cells accompanied by progressively reduced pluripotency. Layer 1(L1) is a single-cell layer of epidermis; L2 is the cortex/endodermis in the root and the mesophyll in the leaf; and L3 is the site of vascular initiation. At least two common steps in vascular development are shared between rice root and leaf. The preprocambium divides to form the procambium and root pericycle or leaf outer sheath. The procambium further differentiates into the xylem, phloem and circumambient cells. We found that the outer sheath of leaf vascular bundles originates not only from the preprocambium of L3,but also from the mesophyll precursor cells of L2. In addition, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX(WOX)genes are expressed in not only the stem cell niche but also metaxylem precursor in rice. This pattern differs from that of homologs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that WOX functions have been recruited in different stem cells in dicots and monocots.

Applying terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to probe the evolution of kerogen in close pyrolysis systems

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been used to probe the evolutionary paths of kerogen in selected black mudstone. The evolutionary regime of kerogens (for instance, the immaturity, early maturity, middle maturity, late maturity, and catagenesis stages) can be indicated by the absorption coefficient in the THz region. The present study of identification based on THz-TDS was in good agreement with programmed pyrolysis experiments and suggests that THz technology can act as a nondestructive, contact-free tool for probing the ability to generate hydrocarbons from kerogens.

Anomalous self-optimization of sulfate ions for boosted oxygen evolution reaction

Broadly,the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been deeply understood as a significant part of energy conversion and storage.Nevertheless,the anions in the OER catalysts have been neglected for various reasons such as inactive sites,dissolution,and oxidation,amongst others.Herein,we applied a model catalyst s-Ni(OH)2 to track the anionic behavior in the catalyst during the electrochemical process to fill this gap.The advanced operando synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared(SR-FTIR)spectroscopy,synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy(SRPES)depth detection and differential X-ray absorption fine structure(D-XAFS)spectrum jointly point out that some oxidized sulfur species(SO_(4)^(2-))will selfoptimize new Ni–S bonds during OER process.Such amazing anionic self-optimization(ASO)behavior has never been observed in the OER process.Subsequently,the optimization-derived component shows a significantly improved electrocatalytic performance(activity,stability,etc.)compared to reference catalyst Ni(OH)_(2).Theoretical calculation further suggests that the ASO process indeed derives a thermodynamically stable structure of the OER catalyst,and then gives its superb catalytic performance by optimizing the thermodynamic and kinetic processes in the OER,respectively.This work demonstrates the vital role of anions in the electrochemical process,which will open up new perspectives for understanding OER and provide some new ideas in related fields(especially catalysis and chemistry).

Specialized Optical Fiber Sensor for Nondestructive Intrinsic Quality Measurement of Averrhoa Carambola

This paper presents an innovative and low-cost approach for nondestructive fruit quality analysis. The specialized optical fiber sensor developed and presented in this paper used a monochromatic wavelength, rather than a broad spectrum, to measure the intact carambola （star fruit） intrinsic quality, namely pH and firmness. The main objective of this research was to investigate the two optical fiber sensors used in this work, namely, the optical fiber red system （OF-RS） that operated with the peak sensitivity at 635 nm and the optical fiber near the infrared spectroscopy system （OF-NIRS） that operated with the peak sensitivity at 880nm. Both systems showed good accuracy in the pH and firmness measurement of the intact carambola with the correlation coefficient R over 0.75, and the measurement results were comparable with those of the commercial spectrometer. The best measurement results were obtained using OF-RS （pH： R = 0.876; the root mean square error （RMSE） = 0.211 pH; firmness： R = 0.872; RMSE = 0.909 kgf）.

A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the BPT/AuNPs/graphene/HRP composite

A novel hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the BPT/AuNPs/graphene/HRP composite was developed. Firstly, graphene was prepared under the protection of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and then the AuNPs/graphene composite was synthesized via in situ decoration. Using biphenyldimethanethiol (BPT) as a connector, the AuNPs/graphene composite was immobilized on the surface of the Au electrode, and whereafter the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was decorated on the surface of the composite by adsorption. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and UV-visible spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the resulting BPT/AuNPs/grapheme/HRP composite (namely, biosensor) was studied by electrochemical instrument. The results show that the biosensor has high sensitivity and fast response to H2O2. In the solution of pH 7.4 with potential -0.2V, the linear response of the biosensor to H2O2 ranges from 5.0×10-6 to 2.5×10-3M with the detection limit of 1.5×10-6M.