黄土丘陵地区唐古特白刺根际土壤水分与根系分布研究

以根际土壤水分和根系分布特征为主要指标,研究了兰州北部黄土丘陵地区唐古特白刺根系分布和根际土壤水分的响应关系。结果表明,唐古特白刺根际土壤水分变化规律明显,0～40cm土层含水量变幅较大,40～80cm土层含水量最高,之下随土层加深而递减,160～300cm土层含水量没有明显变化。唐古特白刺平均根长100cm,根幅300cm。主根较粗,入土浅,根长为地上株丛高的1.32倍,侧根发达,扩展范围较广,根幅为冠幅的3.23倍,地上生物量为根系生物量的1.46倍;有效根系主要分布于0～40cm,在0～20和20～40cm土层中,有效根重分别占总有效根重的58.69%和22.96%,有效根长分别占总有效根长的59.65%和23.20%,0～40cm土层是吸收和利用水分的重要区域,该层土壤水分含量随季节呈现明显的动态变化,根系的浅层分布和分布面积扩大,对于及时有效利用季节性降水有重要意义。根系的水平分布范围是垂直分布范围的3倍,这种根系分布格局对于以自然降水为唯一水分补充方式的黄土丘陵地区,有利于对来自降水而短暂提高的土壤浅层水分的吸收。

晋中地区春玉米田集雨覆盖试验研究

以常规小畦平播为对照 ,探讨了春玉米采取集雨覆盖措施后对改善作物根际土壤水分及春玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,集雨覆盖后能够有效地集蓄自然降雨 ,特别是对于≤ 1 0 mm的无效和微效降雨 ,起到改善作物根际土壤水分状况、增温、增产效果。

Si,Fe and Mn Distributions in Rice (Oryza saliva L.) Rhizosphere of Red Earths and Paddy Soils

An experiment using rhizobox was conducted to study Si, Fe and Mn distributions in rice rhizosphcre of red earths and paddy soils. It was found that Si, Fe and Mn distributions in rhizosphere of the paddy soils were characterized by a depleted zone around root surface, beyond which the concentrations gradually rose. From lmm layer to 2mm layer the concentrations dropped and then rose again. Whereas Si and Fe in red earths showed no depleted zone but even accumulated zone around root surface. Mn showed an approximately even distribution in each layer and no depletion was found in root surface layers. This indicated that during rice (Oryza sativa L.)plantation, depletion and accumulation of Si, Fe and Mn in rhizosphere were important features of matured red earths by water culture. The distribution changes of Si, Fe and Mn in relation to soil-root interaction are also discussed.