应用Illumina Hi Seq测序平台对T_1(不覆盖)、T_2(地膜覆盖)、T_3(秸秆覆盖)、T_4(秸秆/地膜覆盖)、T_5(地膜/秸秆覆盖)5种模式下4年生红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性和系统发育进行研究,揭示不同覆盖模式对红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性的...应用Illumina Hi Seq测序平台对T_1(不覆盖)、T_2(地膜覆盖)、T_3(秸秆覆盖)、T_4(秸秆/地膜覆盖)、T_5(地膜/秸秆覆盖)5种模式下4年生红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性和系统发育进行研究,揭示不同覆盖模式对红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性的影响。结果显示:5个处理的细菌Shannon多样性指数由大到小的顺序为T_4、T_5、T_2、T_3、T_1,T_4最高,为10.565,除T_4与对照差异显著,其他处理差异不显著;Chao1多样性指数由大到小的顺序为T_2、T_3、T_5、T_4、T_1,T_2最高(5 838.12),各处理均显著大于对照;根系土壤细菌群落主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)及其他未分类的细菌;变形菌门为优势种群,所占比例由大到小的顺序为T_5、T_3、T_1、T_4、T_2,其中T_5所占比例最高(42.6%),T_2最低(31.98%)。α-变形杆菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、丙型变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)等组成红花玉兰根系土壤细菌群落的细菌纲,α-变形杆菌纲为所有处理中的优势菌纲。另外,T_1、T_2、T_3的优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),T_4的优势属为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),T_5的优势属为乳杆菌属(Acidobacterium)。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,T_3和T_5处理能够提高土壤中全氮、速效磷、速效钾质量分数,T_2和T_4处理能够提高细菌多样性指数。研究表明,4种覆盖均能提高细菌多样性,单层覆盖模式下和多重覆盖模式下红花玉兰根系土壤细菌的优势菌属不一样。秸秆与土壤直接接触的覆盖能够提高土壤养分,而地膜与土壤直接接触的覆盖能够提高细菌多样性。一年覆盖土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾质量分数和p H值改变与细菌多样性指数差异不显著。展开更多
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate pyrene degradation, microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient （qCO2）, soil enzyme activities, and the FAME patterns of rhizospheric soil and ...A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate pyrene degradation, microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient （qCO2）, soil enzyme activities, and the FAME patterns of rhizospheric soil and nonrhizospheric soil. The results showed that the pyrene concentrations in soil decreased with time extending and were very significant less in rhizospheric soil grown with maize plants （p〈0.01）. At the end of the 45-day experiment, the ratios of pyrene degradation were 61.25% and 35.58% in rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soil, respectively. Maize enhanced the decrease of pyrene concentration and increased the degradation rate of pyrene in soil. During the experimental period, a relatively large amount of microbial biomass biomass （Craig）, basal soil respiration, the Cmic/Corg ratio, enzyme （urease, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase） activities were detected in rbizospheric soil. Metabolic quotient was lower in rhizospheric soil than in nonrhizospheric soil at the whole experimental period. Soil microbial communities in rhizospheric soil and nonrhizospheric soil were characterized using fatty acid methyl ester （FAME） analysis. Fatty acid profiles demonstrated that soil microbial community structure was significantly altered in pyrene contaminated soil with maize. Fatty acid indicators for fungi and the ratio of fungi to bacteria significant increased, and fatty acid indicators for bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria significantly decreased. The effect gradually increased and got very significant （p〈0.01） with the time extending. The differences of fatty acid indicators for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes gradually increased, and the differences reached significant level （p〈0.05） at the end of the experiment （45 d）.展开更多
The effect of functionalized graphene on the growth and development of Vicia faba L.was investigated by analyzing its impact on the composition and diversity of the microbial community in rhizosphere peat soil.Seedlin...The effect of functionalized graphene on the growth and development of Vicia faba L.was investigated by analyzing its impact on the composition and diversity of the microbial community in rhizosphere peat soil.Seedlings of V.faba planted in this peat soil were treated with either distilled water(CK)or 25 mg·L^(−1)(G25)of functionalized graphene solution.Results showed that the height and root length of V.faba seedlings in the G25 group were significantly larger than those in CK group.The microbial com-munity was analyzed by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V_(3)-V_(4) region of bacteria and internal transcribed spacer re-gion of fungi in rhizosphere soil using Illumina MiSeq technology.Alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that functionalized graphene increased the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the V.faba rhizosphere peat soil.The abundances of three ni-trogen cycling-related bacteria,Hydrogenophaga,Sphingomonas and Nitrosomonadaceae,were also altered after treatment with the functionalized graphene.The relative abundance of Basilicum,related to soil phosphorus solubilization,decreased in the fungal com-munity,while the relative abundance of Clonostachys and Dimorphospora,which exhibited strong biological control over numerous fungal plant pathogens,nematodes and insects,increased in the soil after functionalized graphene treatment.Redundancy analysis re-vealed that the potential of hydrogen(pH),organic matter,and total phosphorus contributed the most to the changes in bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil.Overall,our findings suggested that the addition of functionalized graphene altered the relative abundances of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related microorganisms in peat soil,promoting changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil and ultimately leading to the improved growth of V.faba plants.展开更多
文摘应用Illumina Hi Seq测序平台对T_1(不覆盖)、T_2(地膜覆盖)、T_3(秸秆覆盖)、T_4(秸秆/地膜覆盖)、T_5(地膜/秸秆覆盖)5种模式下4年生红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性和系统发育进行研究,揭示不同覆盖模式对红花玉兰根系细菌群落多样性的影响。结果显示:5个处理的细菌Shannon多样性指数由大到小的顺序为T_4、T_5、T_2、T_3、T_1,T_4最高,为10.565,除T_4与对照差异显著,其他处理差异不显著;Chao1多样性指数由大到小的顺序为T_2、T_3、T_5、T_4、T_1,T_2最高(5 838.12),各处理均显著大于对照;根系土壤细菌群落主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)及其他未分类的细菌;变形菌门为优势种群,所占比例由大到小的顺序为T_5、T_3、T_1、T_4、T_2,其中T_5所占比例最高(42.6%),T_2最低(31.98%)。α-变形杆菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、丙型变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)等组成红花玉兰根系土壤细菌群落的细菌纲,α-变形杆菌纲为所有处理中的优势菌纲。另外,T_1、T_2、T_3的优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),T_4的优势属为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),T_5的优势属为乳杆菌属(Acidobacterium)。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,T_3和T_5处理能够提高土壤中全氮、速效磷、速效钾质量分数,T_2和T_4处理能够提高细菌多样性指数。研究表明,4种覆盖均能提高细菌多样性,单层覆盖模式下和多重覆盖模式下红花玉兰根系土壤细菌的优势菌属不一样。秸秆与土壤直接接触的覆盖能够提高土壤养分,而地膜与土壤直接接触的覆盖能够提高细菌多样性。一年覆盖土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾质量分数和p H值改变与细菌多样性指数差异不显著。
文摘A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate pyrene degradation, microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient （qCO2）, soil enzyme activities, and the FAME patterns of rhizospheric soil and nonrhizospheric soil. The results showed that the pyrene concentrations in soil decreased with time extending and were very significant less in rhizospheric soil grown with maize plants （p〈0.01）. At the end of the 45-day experiment, the ratios of pyrene degradation were 61.25% and 35.58% in rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soil, respectively. Maize enhanced the decrease of pyrene concentration and increased the degradation rate of pyrene in soil. During the experimental period, a relatively large amount of microbial biomass biomass （Craig）, basal soil respiration, the Cmic/Corg ratio, enzyme （urease, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase） activities were detected in rbizospheric soil. Metabolic quotient was lower in rhizospheric soil than in nonrhizospheric soil at the whole experimental period. Soil microbial communities in rhizospheric soil and nonrhizospheric soil were characterized using fatty acid methyl ester （FAME） analysis. Fatty acid profiles demonstrated that soil microbial community structure was significantly altered in pyrene contaminated soil with maize. Fatty acid indicators for fungi and the ratio of fungi to bacteria significant increased, and fatty acid indicators for bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria significantly decreased. The effect gradually increased and got very significant （p〈0.01） with the time extending. The differences of fatty acid indicators for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes gradually increased, and the differences reached significant level （p〈0.05） at the end of the experiment （45 d）.
文摘The effect of functionalized graphene on the growth and development of Vicia faba L.was investigated by analyzing its impact on the composition and diversity of the microbial community in rhizosphere peat soil.Seedlings of V.faba planted in this peat soil were treated with either distilled water(CK)or 25 mg·L^(−1)(G25)of functionalized graphene solution.Results showed that the height and root length of V.faba seedlings in the G25 group were significantly larger than those in CK group.The microbial com-munity was analyzed by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V_(3)-V_(4) region of bacteria and internal transcribed spacer re-gion of fungi in rhizosphere soil using Illumina MiSeq technology.Alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that functionalized graphene increased the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the V.faba rhizosphere peat soil.The abundances of three ni-trogen cycling-related bacteria,Hydrogenophaga,Sphingomonas and Nitrosomonadaceae,were also altered after treatment with the functionalized graphene.The relative abundance of Basilicum,related to soil phosphorus solubilization,decreased in the fungal com-munity,while the relative abundance of Clonostachys and Dimorphospora,which exhibited strong biological control over numerous fungal plant pathogens,nematodes and insects,increased in the soil after functionalized graphene treatment.Redundancy analysis re-vealed that the potential of hydrogen(pH),organic matter,and total phosphorus contributed the most to the changes in bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil.Overall,our findings suggested that the addition of functionalized graphene altered the relative abundances of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related microorganisms in peat soil,promoting changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil and ultimately leading to the improved growth of V.faba plants.
