如何完善建安产值价格指数编制方法

编制建安产值价格指数,是从1982年试行,1985年列入正式报表制度执行的。其编制方法是否完善,多年来很少有人评述,在企业走向市场,报表制度随之改革的今天,笔者结合实际工作谈谈自己的看法。 一、编制建安产值价格指数的方法 根据国家统计局1982年《编制建安工程价格指数试行方案》修订稿,编制建安工程价格指数,依据所掌握资料的来源不同,可有三种方法:

北京市房地产价格成本效应的实证分析

住宅价格是决定工资要求的重要因素,住宅价格变化会导致城市的劳动力成本变化,从而影响城市对产业和劳动力的吸引力,进而影响城市的竞争力和经济发展水平。本文以北京市为例,分析了1998年至2007年的北京市房屋销售价格指数及房屋租赁价格指数和居民消费价格指数之间的关系,结果表明,北京市房地产价格水平对北京市价格总体水平没有影响,即北京市这一段时期内房地产价格的成本效应不明显,也就是说北京市目前高涨的房地产价格没有对其城市经济增长带来负面影响。

对上证指数若干问题的探讨

对上证指数若干问题的探讨车延杰，马敏娜股票价格指数应能全面、准确、及时、灵敏地反映股市行情的变动方向和程度，为研究股价长期发展趋势和短期价格波动，进而为股票投资和炒作提供重要的参考数据。因此．要求编制股价指数的基期、样本、样本容量、权数等各因素要有相...

土壤特性的空间差异及其空间插值方法研究

对土壤养分的空间差异及其空间插值方法进行研究 ,获得田间土壤养分的连续空间分布 ,是精准农业技术体系中用GIS管理和分析土壤背景数据的一项基础性工作。本研究对一块面积为 2 85 33m2 的旱地以 30m× 30m间隔采样 ,获 36个有关土壤速效钾、速效磷和有机质含量的采样数据。用移动平均、趋势面拟合、点状克立格、逆距离加权等空间插值方法得到各种插值的连续空间分布 ,与同期用 15m× 15m采样间隔所得 132个实际观察数据进行比较 ,结果表明 :几种插值方法并无显著差异 ,但其中以克立格和逆距离加权插值整体效果最好 ,尤以克立格指数模型最佳。

Spatial pattern of dominant tree species of the secondary monsoon rain forest in Lianjiang, Guangdong Province

Based on the summed dominance ratios of species in sample plots, the first three dominant species (Litchi chinensis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Canarium album) of the secondary monsoon rain forest of Mt. Royal Shoe in Lianjiang City, western Guangdong, were chosen for analyzing their spatial distribution pattern with the analysis methods such as frequency models of Poisson Distribution, Two Negative Items Distribution, Neyman Distribution, aggregate indexes, Taylor exponential equation and Iwao’s equation modeling. The results showed that these three species distributed in the congregate spatial pattern. Litchi chinensis and Elaeocarpus sylvestris had the characteristic of basic congregate population and attractive characteristic between their plants. The patterns for Canarium album may change and become more evenly distributed with the increase of density. The overall species spatial pattern also depended on the conservation of the secondary monsoon rain forest besides it was affected by the species reproduction characteristics and its growing environment. The congregate spatial patterns of three dominant species showed that it is important to conserve forest urgent conservation of the forest.

Transepithelial leak in Barrett's esophagus patients: The role of proton pump inhibitors

AIM： To determine if the observed paracellular sucrose leak in Barrett＇s esophagus patients is due to their pro- ton pump inhibitor （PPI） use. METHODS： The in vivo sucrose permeability test was administered to healthy controls, to Barrett＇s patients and to non-Barrett＇s patients on continuous PPI thera- py. Degree of leak was tested for correlation with pres- ence of Barrett＇s, use of PPIs, and length of Barrett＇s segment and duration of PPI use. RESULTS： Barrett＇s patients manifested a near 3-fold greater, upper gastrointestinal sucrose leak than healthy controls. A decrease of sucrose leak was ob- served in Barrett＇s patients who ceased PPI use for 7 d.Although initial introduction of PPI use （in a PPI-na＇ive population） results in dramatic increase in sucrose leak, long-term, continuous PPI use manifested a slow spon- taneous decline in leak. The sucrose leak observed in Barrett＇s patients showed no correlation to the amount of Barrett＇s tissue present in the esophagus. CONCLUSION： Although future research is needed to determine the degree of paracellular leak in actual Barrett＇s mucosa, the relatively high degree of leak ob- served with in vivo sucrose permeability measurement of Barrett＇s patients reflects their PPI use and not their Barrett＇s tissue perse.

Responses of Spatial-temporal Variation of Karst Ecosystem Service Values to Landscape Pattern in Northwest of Guangxi,China

The responses of spatiotemporal variation of ecosystem service values (ESVs) to landscape pattern from 1985 to 2005 in a typical Karst area of the northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,were examined us-ing remote sensing and geographic information system techniques in this paper.The total ecosystem service values de-clined significantly from 1985 to 1990,and then increased slowly from 1990 to 2005,almost equaled to the 1985 level.The ecosystem service values tended to decline from the west to the east and from mountainous regions to peak-cluster depression areas in 1985,1990,2000 and 2005 respectively.During the period from 1985 to 2005,the ecosystem ser-vice values have increased in the middle and eastern parts of the study area.Landscape pattern indices,such as total area,largest patch index,contagion,aggregative index,effective mesh and proportion of like adjacencies,are significantly correlated with ecosystem service values.This suggests that ecosystem service values tend to increase with the growth of patch area and patch connectivity.However,there are negative correlations between ecosystem service values and landscape pattern indices,such as division index and patch richness.It indicates that ecosystem service values decrease with patch fragmentation and patch size shrinkage.The ecosystem conditions in the typical Karst area have been improved because of the control measures of rocky desertification.It is important to protect key landscape types,such as woodland,shrub and grassland,and to increase patch size and connectivity to avoid further fragmentation.Furthermore,it is necessary to reduce disturbances to ensure the growth of ecosystem service values and to facilitate the sustainable development in this region.

A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with intractable gastric ulcers

We report a rare case of hypereosinophilic syndrome （HES） presenting with intractable gastric ulcers. A 71-year-old man was admitted with epigastric pain. Initial endoscopic findings revealed multiple, active gastric ulcers in the gastric antrum. He underwent Helicobacterpylori （Hpylon） eradication therapy followed by proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy. However, follow- up endoscopy at 4, 6, 10 and 14 mo revealed persistent multiple gastric ulcers without significant improvement. The proportion of his eosinophil count increased to 43% （total count： 7903/mm3）. Abdominal-pelvic and chest computed tomography scans showed multiple small nodules in the liver and both lungs. The endoscopic biopsy specimen taken from the gastric antrum revealed prominent eosinophilic infiltration, and the liver biopsy specimen also showed eosinophilic infiltration in the portal tract and sinusoid. A bone marrow biopsy disclosed eosinophilic hyperplasia as well as increased cellularity of 70%. The patient was finally diagnosed with HES involving the stomach, liver, lung, and bone marrow. When gastric ulcers do not improve despite H pylon eradication and prolonged PPI therapy, infiltrative gastric disorders such as HES should be considered.

Effects of coal prices on merchandise prices in China

Coal is the principal form of energy used in China. Hence, coal price variations are expected to have some influence on merchandise prices. Monthly data from January, 2002, to October, 2010, were used to construct a varying-parameter state space model, and an error correction model, to estimate the influence of coat prices on Chinese merchandise prices. The time lag and the dynamic relationship were determined from the data. A long term equilibrium relationship between coal price and the PPI, and the CPI, can be observed. The long term influence of coal price fluctuations on the PPI is 0.263%. The corresponding value for the CPI is 0.157%. The PPI shows an influence from coal price change in the first period of observation： by eight periods the influence is obvious, after which it diminishes. The effect of coal price change on the CPI is rather weak and has no long term memory. Analysis of variance shows a similar situation. The elas- ticity coefficient of coal prices on the CPI, or the PPI, fluctuates over the 2002-2004 period. From 2002 to 2007 the influence elasticity on the CPI declined and subsequently levelled off after 2009.

Analysis of Landscape Pattern Changes and Driving Forces in Nanling National Nature Reserve

The spatial and temporal changes of landscape pattern and their driving forces in each functional zone of Nanling National Nature Reserve were analyzed based on the GIS and RS platform. The results showed that from 1988 to 2009, in respect of changes of Jandscape area, the main forest landscape accounted about 95% of the total area, of which evergreen broad-leaved forest had the largest area, accounting for more than 50% of the total area. The dominant landscape was coniferous forest. In respect of landscape fragmentation, the density index of land- scape in the whole area increased, and the degree of landscape fragmentation also increased. In the core area, the patch density decreased slightly, and the average patch area of each type of landscape increased; the degree of landscape fragmen- tation increased slightly. In the buffer area and the experimental area, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased. In terms of landscape diversity, the landscape pattern in the whole area became complex, and the diversity index of landscape in- creased and the degree of heterogeneity increased. In the core area, the diversity index of landscape increased slightly. In the buffer area, it increased significantly. In the experiment area, the diversity index reduced, and the degree of landscape het- erogeneity reduced. In the whole study area, the landscape tended to be diversified. The landscape pattern of the experimental area was consistent with that of the whole study area, and there was no obvious change in the buffer zone, while the landscape pattern in the core area developed towards the single direction.

Heterogeneous Responses of Chinese Cities' Housing Prices to Monetary Policies

This works examine the responses of housing prices to the monetary policies in various Chinese cities. Thirty-five large and medium sized Chinese cities are classified into six clusters applying the minimum variance clustering method according to the calculated correlation coefficients between the housing price indices of every two cities.Time difference correlation analysis is then employed to quantify the relations between the housing price indices of the six clusters and the monetary policies.It is suggested that the housing prices of various cities evolved at different paces and their responses to the monetary policies are heterogeneous,and local economic features are more important than geographic distances in determining the housing price trends.

A hybrid method for extraction of protein-protein interactions from literature

In this work, a hybrid method is proposed to eliminate the limitations of traditional protein-protein interactions （PPIs） extraction methods, such as pattern learning and machine learning. Each sentence from the biomedical literature containing a protein pair describes a PPI which is predicted by first learning syntax patterns typical of PPIs from training corpus and then using their presence as features, along with bag-of-word features in a maximum entropy model. Tested on the BioCreAtIve corpus, the PPIs extraction method, which achieved a precision rate of 64%, recall rate of 60%, improved the performance in terms of F1 value by 11% compared with the component pure pattern- based and bag-of-word methods. The results on this test set were also compared with other three extraction methods and found to improve the performance remarkably.

Is the Purchasing Power Parity Supported by the Data？

This report mainly examines whether the Purchasing Power Parity （PPP） theory is supported by the data. The data used in the report contains the exchange rate of US dollar against New Zealand dollar, Consumer Price Index （CPI） of the US, and Consumer Price Index of New Zealand. The time period of the data is from September 30th, 1914 to March 31st, 2010, the data were collected quarterly. Mathematical regressions and graphs are contained in the research. In this research, the simplified form of the PPP theory is analyzed, and then there is a comparison between the spotted exchange rates and the expected exchange rates. Finally, the observation on long-run PPP is explained. The key conclusion of this research is that, the PPP theory is not supported by the data, however, the long-run PPP does hold.

Stock Liquidity Risk Pricing Model Driven by Systematic and Unsystematic Risk

In the stock pricing, liquidity risk has become one of the important factors that affect the stock realizable value. Systematic and unsystematic risk decided a stock＇s liquidity risk. The author uses the stock price index growth rate and net outer disk ratio to describe a systematic and unsystematic risk faced by investors. With the help of correlation and regression analysis in SPSS software, the paper tries to establish the systematic and unsystematic risk-driven stock liquidity risk pricing model. Empirical study shows that systematic and unsystematic risk has significant influence on stock liquidity risk. The bigger circulation stock, the greater the systemic risk influence; the less the circulation stock, the larger the non-system risk influence. Calendar factor on stock returns ratio has no significant effect. Trading volume on the stock returns ratio of small companies had no significant effect. The model has important reference value for the measure of stock liquidity risk value loss.

Intemational Competitiveness of Export-oriented Industries in Bulgaria

With increasing globalization and Bulgaria＇s accession into the European Union （EU）, the question how to improve the country＇s international competitiveness has become very important and urgent. The aim of the paper is to present the results of a research on the past decade＇s competitiveness of Bulgarian export-oriented sectors, enjoying good positions in local and international markets and having a high development potential. The first part of the article presents a comprehensive review of the concept of competitiveness--its definitions, factors, and measurements at national, industry, and firm level. On the basis of the theoretical considerations, an empirical analysis on the current state of competitiveness of the selected export-oriented industries is performed. These include metallurgy, machine building, chemicals, clothing and textiles, furniture, wine production, tobacco, and food processing. The research answers the following questions： What are the major competitive advantages of Bulgarian export-oriented industries on the world market？ What are their disadvantages？ How did they change over the period 2002-2012, and what steps should be taken to meet the challenges？ The employed methods of analysis are both quantitative--calculating various production, trade, and price indices, and qualitative--carrying out a survey among top managers of firms operating in the selected industries across all the regions of the country. Results show that the country＇s competitiveness on international level has gradually improved but still remains at a comparatively low level as Bulgarian producers compete mostly on the price, invest very little in research and development （R＆D）, rely on low labor costs, and produce goods with low added value. The paper looks into the specific challenges to competitiveness faced by different sectors and the implications of addressing them. In conclusion, it puts forward some recommendations for boosting Bulgaria＇s international competitiveness which are aimed at key stakeholders： companies, central and local government, and institutions promoting cooperation.

The Causality and Relation of Corruption With Basic Macro-economic Tables （Charts）

Corruption which means the use of public power for private interests is one of the most important problems either in less developed and developing countries or developed countries. Especially in less developed and developing countries, corruption is a serious obstacle in front of economic development. Corruption is raised from deficiency in democracy, deficient judgement, unfair elections and dependent media sector includes bribery, embezzlement, forgery, fraud, favouritism, nepotism and illegal beneficial use of public authority. The aim of the paper is to determine the causal relationship between corruption and basic macro-economic indicators. For this purpose, in this study, the basic mic indications such as import, export, budget deficit, manufacturer price index are taken into account as variables to examine their relation with corruption. By getting use of the data obtained from CPI index, the relation between the variables is examined using the T-Test. Furthermore, to determine the causality among all the variables, correllation analysis is applied to present causal relations between the corruption and macro-economic variables. The findings concluded that there is a significant correlation among corruption, manufacturer price index and export-import. However, there is no significant correlation with budget deficit.

Static Model Classification Status： Taking Into Account Emerging External Factors

Analysis of the problem of predicting bankruptcy shows that foreign and domestic models included only internal factors of enterprises. But the same indicators of internal factors in the rapidly changing external environment can lead to bankruptcy, and not in others. External factors are the most dangerous, because the possible influence on them is minimal and the impact of their implementation can be devastating. This paper focuses on the same factors to assess the impact of the macroeconomic indicators （extemal factors） on the parameters of static models predicting a local approximation of the crisis at the plant. To accomplish the purpose, a Spark set of 100 companies was compiled, including 50 companies which officially declared bankruptcy in the period of 2000-2009 and 50 stable operating companies with a random sample of the same time period. External factors were extracted from the Joint Economic and Social Data Archive1 The author compared two data sets： （1） microeconomic indicators--money to the total liabilities, retained earnings to total assets, net profit to revenue, Earnings Before Interest and Taxes （EBIT） to assets, net income to equity, net profit to total liabilities, current liabilities to total assets, the totality of short-term and long-term loans to total assets, current assets to current liabilities, assets to revenue, equity to total assets, and current assets to revenue; and （2） external factors--index of real gross domestic product （GDP）, industrial production index, the index of real cash incomes, an index of real investments, consumer price index, the refinancing rate, unemployment rate, the price of electricity, gas prices, oil price, gas price, dollar to ruble, ruble euro Standard ＆ Poor （S＆P） index, the Russian Trading System （RTS） index, and region. The aim of the comparison results paging classes ＂insolvent＂ and ＂non-bankrupt＂ is achieved using two methods： classification and discrimination. In both methods, computational procedures are realized with the use of algorithms linear regression, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm. In the 2-m model, data set includes both internal and external factors. The results showed that the inclusion of only the microeconomic indicators, excluding external factors, impedes models about two times.

Preparation and application of express price index

Firstly, according to the application of price index in other areas, put forward the concept of express price index. And the system of price index theory is carried out, including the index method, index theory, and introduces the development and application of foreign famous commodity index; secondly, basic work in the previous step, put forward the preparation of China＇s express delivery price index, price index as the relationship between supply and demand of express delivery industry price guide.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of flat reclamation in Zhejiang Province,China in the past 20 years

Over the past several decades,large scale of tidal flat reclamation developed fast along the Chinese coastline.Tidal flat reclamation can earn profits for local economy but also produce significant negative influences on marine ecosystems.By using relative indexes of landscape science,this article makes quantitative research on reclamation indexes of Zhejiang Province,China from1990to2000in a macro-region perspective,and the results shows that:(1)within20years,the total area of reclamation in Zhejiang Province had reached108760ha,and the reclamation area of Ningbo city was the largest while Jiaxing city is the smallest;(2)the patch area,quantity,density and variable coefficients of all types of lands were markedly different,and lands in different regions also differed distinctly;(3)average form index and fragmentation index of patch of lands of different types and functions were positively correlated,and the indexes of Taizhou city and Ningbo city were relatively high while Jiaxing city and Shaoxing city were lower;(4)under the influence of factors like topographic conditions,develop needs,human activities and so on,the degree of aggregation of the types of reclamation was relatively high;(5)because of the differences in reclamation area,coast length,land type and so on,the average intensity index and diversity index of the all coastal cities were different distinctly.

Uniformity Analysis for Index of Retail Price

Using the Hodges Ajne testing method, the uniformity of China retail price index was tested. The result, that population is submitting to uniform distribution, was obtained. The uniformity of CRPI indicates that the general price level is stable in the Ninth Five Year Plan. Finally, the reasons causing the uniformity was analyzed.