浅析公式格次化和专家评分法在人民银行行政罚款裁量中的应用

近期,国务院常务会议审议通过《国务院关于取消和调整一批罚款事项的决定》,取消调整部分罚款事项。罚款是《行政处罚法》规定的行政处罚形式之一,也是最常见的行政处罚手段。本文通过梳理人民银行监管领域法律法规行政罚款的主要设定模式,提出进一步细分罚款格次的公式化方法,并建议引入专家评分法优化行政处罚委员会委员审议权力的行使,以更好实现裁量权的公正行使,做到过罚相当,防止畸轻畸重。

实二次整数环上不可分的正定二次格的构作

利用构作实二次代数整数环上的不可分正定二次格的方法，构作了实二次代数整数环Ｚ［（１＋５）／２］及Ｚ［６］上的任意秩ｎ及判别式ｄ（正整数）的不可分正定整二次格．在Ｚ［（１＋５）／２］上，当ｎ＞２时有例外情况：ｄ＝１，ｎ＝３，５，在这些情况下无不可分正定整格；当ｎ＝２，ｄ为素数时，有例外情况ｄ＝１，２，在例外情况下无不可分正定整格；在Ｚ［６］上有例外情况ｄ＝１，ｎ＝２，３，在例外情况下无不可分正定整格．

关于半格的一致和次一致

在文[1]中介绍了一致半格和次一致半格的概念及二者的简单关系,本文在此基础上对一致半格和次一致半格作更进一步的研究,分别给出一致半格和次一致半格的充分条件,强调了二者之间的关系及其在研究半群结构性质中的重要作用。

跳格拆换二次衬砌在茶林顶隧道人行横洞衬砌病害处治设计中的应用

云梧高速公路茶林顶隧道RK124+910位置人行横洞运营6年后,二次衬砌间出现了持续快速发展的裂缝及水沟,路面积水较严重,影响了人行横洞结构安全。按照相关隧道规范对养护、病害处治设计方面的要求,结合二次衬砌严重开裂时病害加固处治的常用方法,确定该人行横洞采用"重新拆换二次衬砌+防排水改造"方案来提高当前结构安全水平。为确保现场拆换二次衬砌施工安全,拟采用跳格拆换二次衬砌+临时工字钢防护+超前小导管相结合的方法,同时配合径向注浆加固围岩来辅助施工。跳格格拆换二次衬砌具有施工风险小、前后扰动小,缩短工期、增加作业面等优点,可为类似处治设计提供新思路、新方法。

几乎么模二次格的Grothendieck群结构

用代数K-理论的方法可把整二次型分类问题分解为研究非退化对称双线性格范畴的K_0群结构和Witt消去律的存在。么模Z-格的K_0群结构对拓扑学的意义已为人所知,Hambleton和Riehm根据拓扑学的需要,引入并研究了一类特殊的几乎么模二次Z-格的K_0群结构本文通过对K_0群的Hasse原理和整体Jordan分裂存在性的研究,得到了一般几乎么模二次Z-格的K_0群结构。使现有的有关结论都成为本文的特例。

钢制格栅坝的性能设计

钢制格栅坝原作为港湾设置工程 ,1995年由美国引入日本并应用在水土保持防治泥石流工程上。作为一种水土保持坝型 ,因以前未进行过稳定性试验 ,有必要研究其性能。此类透水型格栅坝应具备拦截泥石流性能 ,中小型洪水时能向下游输移泥沙 ,并具有粒径调节作用 ;在构造上应稳定性好、抗剪性强 ;在管理上易于除石。设计方法采用水力模型检验、稳定性能校核、抗冲击性能校核。

Fabrication of arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings with narrow bandwidth

A double-exposure fabrication method without any intensity shadow mask to fabricate arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings（ FBGs） with narrow bandwidth is demonstrated by controlling the total ultra violet （UV） irradiation along the grating by varying the speed of a translation stage. The UV source used is a stable continuous intracavity frequency-doubled argonion laser. The parameters （such as length, apodization profile, average index change）of FBGs can be easily changed with this method. The total UV irradiation is kept constant in the doubleexposure process because of the precise control of the exposure time, which ensures that the apodized FBG＇s bandwidth can be extremely narrow. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） bandwidth of the 2-cm-long apodized FBG fabricated by this method is 0. 15 nm with a maximum reflectivity of more than 95%.

Functional Assessment of Typical Wetlands in Shangri-La

The development and protection of Shangri-La wetlands in southwestern Yunnan Province is of great significance for the protection of regional biodiversity, ecotourism and regional development. To specify the functions of Shangri-La wetlands, with the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), 7 typical wetlands in Shangri-La (Bita Lake Wetland, Napa Lake Wetland, Shudu Lake Wetland, Dazhongdian Wetland, Xiaozhongdian Wetland, Dahei Lake Wetland, Jinsha River Wetland) were selected for the quantitative analysis of 20 indexes in 3 comprehensive assessment layers (service functions, protective functions and production functions). The results showed that Shangri-La wetlands followed the below sequence in function: Bita Lake Wetland (0.811 4), Shudu Lake Wetland (0.739 3), Napa Lake Wetland (0.695 3), Dahei Lake Wetland (0.659 5), Jinsha River Wetland (0.614 3), Dazhongdian Wetland (0.520 4) and Xiaozhongdian Wetland (0.505 2). As single indexes of those wetlands were compared, it was found that values of certain indexes varied greatly, and value differences among 5 of 20 indexes even reached more than 100%, among which that of water supply capacity and tourism recreational value (164.60%) remained the highest, then water supplementation capacity (121.17%) and habitat stability (109.05%), and others varied between 5.58%-91.10%. The assessment results were similar to actual conditions, thus such a method was proved scientific and practical.

Ordered successive noise projection cancellation algorithm for dual lattice-reduction-aided MIMO detection

A novel nonlinear multi-input multi-output MIMO detection algorithm is proposed which is referred to as an ordered successive noise projection cancellation OSNPC algorithm. It is capable of improving the computation performance of the MIMO detector with the conventional ordered successive interference cancellation OSIC algorithm. In contrast to the OSIC in which the known interferences in the input signal vector are successively cancelled the OSNPC successively cancels the known noise projections from the decision statistic vector. Analysis indicates that the OSNPC is equivalent to the OSIC in error performance but it has significantly less complexity in computation.Furthermore when the OSNPC is applied to the MIMO detection with the preprocessing of dual lattice reduction DLR the computational complexity of the proposed OSNPC-based DLR-aided detector is further reduced due to the avoidance of the inverse of the reduced basis of the dual lattice in computation compared to that of the OSIC-based one. Simulation results validate the theoretical conclusions with regard to both the performance and complexity of the proposed MIMO detection scheme.

三商之源 魅力睢阳

睢阳区位于商丘市中心南部,因地处古睢水之北而得名。睢阳区地理位置优越、自然资源丰富,是国家级历史文化名城、"中国文化之乡"、"商人、商业、商文化"发源地。在中原经济区建设的大潮中,中共睢阳区委提出以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,以富民强区为中心任务。区人大常委会以此为主旋律,立足创新人事任免和监督工作,全力助推中原经济区建设。认真探讨,开展广泛论证。

Spatial pattern of dominant tree species of the secondary monsoon rain forest in Lianjiang, Guangdong Province

Based on the summed dominance ratios of species in sample plots, the first three dominant species (Litchi chinensis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Canarium album) of the secondary monsoon rain forest of Mt. Royal Shoe in Lianjiang City, western Guangdong, were chosen for analyzing their spatial distribution pattern with the analysis methods such as frequency models of Poisson Distribution, Two Negative Items Distribution, Neyman Distribution, aggregate indexes, Taylor exponential equation and Iwao’s equation modeling. The results showed that these three species distributed in the congregate spatial pattern. Litchi chinensis and Elaeocarpus sylvestris had the characteristic of basic congregate population and attractive characteristic between their plants. The patterns for Canarium album may change and become more evenly distributed with the increase of density. The overall species spatial pattern also depended on the conservation of the secondary monsoon rain forest besides it was affected by the species reproduction characteristics and its growing environment. The congregate spatial patterns of three dominant species showed that it is important to conserve forest urgent conservation of the forest.

Spatial connectivity and distribution of landscape type in the natural secondary forests of eastern mountainous region,northeast China——a case study of Mao'ershan region in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Keywords Landscape type - Landscape pattern - Nearest neighbor index - Landscape connectivity index - Natural secondary forest - Northeast China CLC number S759.92 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Design of 32 kbit one-time programmable memory for microcontroller units

A 32 kbit OTP(one-time programmable)memory for MCUs(micro-controller units)used in remote controllers was designed.This OTP memory is used for program and data storage.It is required to apply 5.5V to BL(bit-line)and 11V to WL(word-line)for a OTP cell of 0.35μm ETOX(EEPROM tunnel oxide)type by MagnaChip.We use 5V transistors on column data paths to reduce the area of column data paths since they require small areas.In addition,we secure device reliability by using HV(high-voltage)transistors in the WL driver.Furthermore,we change from a static logic to a dynamic logic used for the WL driver in the core circuit.Also,we optimize the WD(write data)switch circuit.Thus,we can implement them with a small-area design.In addition,we implement the address predecoder with a small-area logic circuit.The area of the designed 32 kbit OTP with 5V and HV devices is 674.725μm×258.75μm(=0.1745mm2)and is 56.3% smaller than that using 3.3V devices.

Ocean Mixing with Lead-Dependent Subgrid Scale Brine Rejection Parameterization in a Climate Model

Sea ice thickness is highly spatially variable and can cause uneven ocean heat and salt flux on subgrid scales in climate models.Previous studies have demonstrated improvements in ocean mixing simulation using parameterization schemes that distribute brine rejection directly in the upper ocean mixed layer.In this study,idealized ocean model experiments were conducted to examine modeled ocean mixing errors as a function of the lead fraction in a climate model grid.When the lead is resolved by the grid,the added salt at the sea surface will sink to the base of the mixed layer and then spread horizontally.When averaged at a climate-model grid size,this vertical distribution of added salt is lead-fraction dependent.When the lead is unresolved,the model errors were systematic leading to greater surface salinity and deeper mixed-layer depth(MLD).An empirical function was developed to revise the added-salt-related parameter n from being fixed to lead-fraction dependent.Application of this new scheme in a climate model showed significant improvement in modeled wintertime salinity and MLD as compared to series of CTD data sets in 1997/1998 and 2006/2007.The results showed the most evident improvement in modeled MLD in the Arctic Basin,similar to that using a fixed n=5,as recommended by the previous Arctic regional model study,in which the parameter n obtained is close to 5 due to the small lead fraction in the Arctic Basin in winter.

Large-eddy Simulation of Ethanol Spray-Air Combustion and Its Experimental Validation

Large-eddy simulation of spray combustion is under its rapid development.Different combustion models were used by different investigators.However,these models are less validated by detailed experimental data.In this paper,large-eddy simulation(LES)of ethanol spray-air combustion was made using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach,a subgrid-scale kinetic energy stress model,and a filtered finite-rate combustion model,neglecting the sub-grid scale reaction rate.The simulation results are compared with experimental dada in the literature and validated in detail.The LES obtained statistically averaged gas temperature is in much better agreement with the experimental results than Reynolds averaged(RANS)modeling using the most complex probability density function(PDF)equation combustion model.The instantaneous LES results show the coherent structures of the shear region near the high-temperature flame zone and the fuel vapor concentration map,indicating that the droplets are concentrated in this shear region.The instantaneous temperature,oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration maps show the close interaction between the coherent structures and the combustion reaction.

(2+2)-Dimensional Discrete Soliton Equations and Integrable Coupling System

In this paper, we extend a （2＋2）-dimensional continuous zero curvature equation to （2＋2）-dimensional discrete zero curvature equation, then a new （2＋2）-dimensional cubic Volterra lattice hierarchy is obtained. Fhrthermore, the integrable coupling systems of the （2＋2）-dimensional cubic Volterra lattice hierarchy and the generalized Toda lattice soliton equations are presented by using a Lie algebraic system sl（4）.

Landscape pattern and fragmentation of natural secondary forests in the eastern mountainous region, northeast China： A case study of Mao＇ershan forests in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, northeast of China.. Under the support of ARC/INFO and GIS technology, the landscape shape and fragment indices of Mao'ershan experimental plantation were studied by combining the forest type map (1:10000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation (1999) and soil utilized map (1:10000). The results showed that the shape index and shape fragment index of natural landscape were higher than those of artificial landscapes and landscape patch fragment index depended on the number of patches. The natural forest had complex shape, suffering little jamming, and its shape index was higher than that of artificial forest. The manual controlled landscape (e.g. nursery, cropland and cutting blank) had regular shape, and its shape index was smaller. The fragment index of patches in natural forest was higher than that of artificial forest. The soft broad-leaved had the highest fragment index of patch amount.

The Level Structures of the Kernel and Hull on Lattice—Valued Funcetions and Induced Spaces

It is studied systematically for the level strcture of the kernel and hull on continuous-lattice- calued function.In terms of these results,the level characterixations of induced space are odtained.

R^2 Correction and Its Implication of Present Cosmic Accelerating Behavior

In this work we show an model of the universe in which certain quadratic correction is considered. Our results indicate that the R2 term can act as the present impetus of cosmic acceleration, but there may be a future collapsing universe with this component damped. This model can also tolerate a negative cosmological constant ?, although there seems to be no need for a non-vanishing one. In our simplification, this curvature component has a stationary equation of state, which is similar to radiation. Unlike other dark energy models, this 'missing' energy has a negative density. Some details and effects on cold dark matter and Λ-relevant model have been discussed in the frame of curvature-squared gravity theories.

Chemical constituents of marine mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Alternaria tenuissima EN-192

A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Alternaria tenuissima EN- 192, an endophytic fungus obtained from the stems of the marine mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa, resulted in the isolation of nine known secondary metabolites, including four indole-diterpenoids： penijanthine A （1）, paspaline （2）, paspalinine （3）, and penitrem A （4）; three tricycloalternarene derivatives： tricycloalternarene 3a （5）, tricycloalternarene lb （6）, and tricycloalternarene 2b （7）; and two alternariol congeners： djalonensone （8） and alternariol （9）. The chemical structures of these metabolites were characterized through a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses and their comparison with reports from the literature. The inhibitory activities of each isolated compound against four bacteria were evaluated and compounds 5 and 8 displayed moderate activity against the aquaculture pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum, with inhibition zone diameters of 8 and 9 mm, respectively, at 100 gg/disk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the secondary metabolites of mangrove-derived Alternaria tenuissima and also the first report of the isolation ofindole-diterpenoids from fungal genus Alternaria.