如此“花儿”并不红

“花儿为什么这么红”是一句歌词。红花美凤,人所共知。然在举国上下反腐倡廉的今天,有惯于移“花”接“木”者说是要“多栽花少栽刺,留下人情好办事”恕笔者直言:如此“花儿”并不红。

Effect of Leaf Removal on Grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese Cultivated in Different Italian Environments

Leaf removal is a farming practice that can affect must and grape quality; it is closely related to the meteorological conditions of the year and the climate of the area. The present study aims to analyse the effects of different types of defoliation, all conducted at veraison and removing 5-6 basal leaves. The trial provided four tests： leaf removal only on the east side, only on the west side, total defoliation （both sides）, and a non-defoliated treatment （control test）. Two different cultivars, the Sangiovese and the Cabernet Sauvignon, were studied in five different Italian environments： Puegnago （BS）, Scansano （GR）, Bolgheri （LI）, Brisighella （RA）, and Montefalco （PG）. The trial was repeated four times, once per year for the successive years 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. The years differed mainly with regard to the total rainfall; because of the variability of the years, different results, both for the same cultivar and between the cultivars, were observed. The differences existing between these two varieties and among the different environments led to different reactions to defoliation, especially concerning the analytical parameters of musts and grapes.

Environmental Evaluation of Springs in the Intensely Cultivated and Industrialized Inland Plain of Cuneo （Northwest Italy）

Sixty springs of the Cuneo Province inland plains were sampled and analyzed for several chemical variables. Multi-variate analysis （PCA） of all the data was undertaken. The first principal component was positively correlated with chlorides, sulphites, hardness, and negatively correlated with altitude. The second principal component was positively correlated with DO and pH. Results showed that 4 groups of springs could be distinguished on the basis of environmental variables. A small number of springs did not group with the geographically more proximal springs but with another group due to a greater degree of affinity on the basis of the hydrochemical variables.

Reading Dickens Romantically： ＂Night Walks＂

This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.

Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Rice Crop in South-Eastern Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the incidence of seed-borne fungi on rice seeds sourced from the major rice growing areas of South-Eastern Nigeria. The rice seeds were collected during the dry seasons between 2009 and 2010. Four hundred rice seeds randomly collected and surface sterilized by washing in 3% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed two times with sterile distilled water were placed in three circular rings inside the Petri dishes. The incubation was done one after the other for each variety from all the locations. Ten fungi species from eight genera were isolated from the rice seeds in all the rice growing areas of South-Eastern Nigeria. The fungi pathogens vary from one locality to another, as well as the frequency of occurrence. The pathogens isolated include： Fusarium moniliforme, F. solani, F. oxysporium, Aspergillus spp., Botridiploidia spp., Helminthosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia oryzae and Phoma oryzae. Though, there was the presence of some seed-borne fungi in the rice seeds from the areas studied, most of the cultivars experienced up to 90% germination. But some cultivars had very low germination. IR 1416 from Arochukwu and GB90 from Arondiuzogu had less than 1% germination. This study shows that seed-borne organisms are major constraint in rice production in the South-Eastern states of Nigeria as a result of low seed germination stemmed from infestation of fungi organisms in the seeds.

“栽花”、“栽刺”与会计职业道德

多次和一些会计行家们闲谈,同感于"多栽花,少栽刺"一说对会计界影响之深,且心中大都装有几宗具体事例,甚或有自身的点滴际遇,用以佐证这一说法的效力。可如果谁偶尔提到公诸报端的那些打击报复会计人员的典型事例,便会异口同声地表现出对打击报复者的愤概和对被打击者的同情。探测他们的心境,无不是实事求是精神与会计职业道德在熠熠闪烁。由此使我想到会计职业道德的讨论上来。这讨论,自然是对会计人员本身的要求谈得多。可是,会计工作在一些单位受挫,甚至于会计人员的精神、肉体受辱,多是外部对会计职业道德建立的冲击。所以说,会计职业道德的建立和形成,除了财会人员自身努力以外。

Effects of Rice-Wheat Rotation and Afforestation on Microbial Biomass Carbon in Coastal Salt-Affected Soils of Eastern China

Rice-wheat rotation and poplar afforestation are two typical land use types in the coastal reclaimed flatlands of eastern China. This study investigated two rice-wheat rotation lands （one reclaimed from 1995 to 2004 and cultivated since 2005, RW1, and the other reclaimed from 1975 to 1995 and cultivated since 1996, RW2） and a poplar woodland （reclaimed from 1995 to 2004 and planted in 2004, PWl） to determine the effects of land use types and years of cultivation on soil microbial biomass and mineralizable carbon （C） in this coastal salt-affected region. The results showed that the soil in PWl remained highly salinized, whereas desalinization was observed in RWl. The total organic C （TOC） in the top soil of PWl and RW1 did not show significant differences, whereas at a soil depth of 20-30 cm, the TOC of RWl was approximately 40%-67% higher than that of PWl. The TOC of 0-30-cm soil in RW2 was approximately 37% higher than that in RW1. Microbial biomass C （MBC） and mineralizable C （MNC） exhibited the trend of RW2 〉 RWl 〉 PWl. Sufficient nutrition with more abundant C substrates resulted in higher MBC and MNC, and soil respiration rates were negatively correlated with C/N in RWl and RW2. Nutrient deficiency and high salinity played key roles in limiting MBC in PWl. These suggested that rice-wheat rotation was more beneficial than poplar afforestation for C accumulation and microbial biomass growth in the coastal salt-affected soils.