探析金银花实用性栽培管理技术

金银花是一种珍贵中药材,对人体健康和疾病能起到了很好的保护和治疗效果。为提升金银花产值和质量,需要重视对金银花的栽培与管理,获得栽种方面积极成果。本文将从金银花生物学特性出发,通过繁殖、整地、田间管理等相应阐述方便管理者更好认识到金银花的栽种与培养工作,为提高农民收益,促进当地金银花产业发展,提供有效参考。

分枝猴头菌的试验性栽培

该文在介绍了分枝猴头菌的形态和分类地位、分布与习性的基础上 ,详尽介绍了分枝猴头菌的制种与试验性栽培方法。

山海关气候资源与大樱桃栽培的适宜性分析

根据秦皇岛市气象资料及山海关大樱桃状况,对秦皇岛市山海关区大樱桃种植的气候适应性进行分析,确定了山海关大樱桃生长适宜气候指标。

“金光杏梅”主要性状调查研究报告

从植物学特征、生长与结果习性等方面 ,对新乡市优选的“金光杏梅”( golden Plum)进行了细致地研究。结果表明 :“金光杏梅”是一种介于杏与李之间的中间类型 ,更进一步推断是杏与李的自然杂交实生后代。该类型具有很强的栽培性和抗逆性 ,早丰产性强 ,且产量稳定 ,果实品质优良 ,果形端正 ,色泽艳黄 ,是颇有发展前途的优良杂果类。并分析了栽培特点及栽培中应注意的问题 。

卡特兰家居栽培

一、家庭栽培关键要掌握卡特兰生长习性 作者从事花卉园艺教学30多年。认为卡特兰温室生产性栽培易于成功，在家庭栽培上效果往往不佳，原因是温室栽培可用人工方法控制光照强弱、温度高低和温度变化，

茄子嫁接栽培技术(上)

茄子嫁接技术是采用野生茄种植物作为茄子嫁接的砧木,将茄苗嫁接在砧木上的一项技术。嫁接后的茄子可生长到1.5~2米,平均每株可采收茄子25个,一般单果重400克左右,大的可达800~1000克,品质好,亩产量可达1万公斤。采摘期长达180多天,降低了生产成本。该技术可提高亩收益达1.5万元左右,最重要的是嫁接茄子抗病性强,减轻连作障碍,减少农药的使用量和残留量。

基于GIS的浙江山核桃栽植综合区划

山核桃Carya cathayensis是浙江特有的经济林种之一,浙江的土壤、气候等环境条件比较适宜山核桃的生长,但由于区域布局的不合理制约了浙江山核桃的发展。根据山核桃产量与气象条件的关系和山核桃的生物学特性,提出了山核桃栽培的气候区划指标为年平均气温、年降水量、年日照时数和花期晴天数。综合考虑4个气候因子以及坡度、坡向、海拔高度、土壤类型和土壤质地等环境要素,应用层次分析法确定9个影响因子权重,基于应用统计学方法和地理信息系统,建立山核桃栽培区划的综合评估模型。结合浙江省土壤地理条件和土地利用现状,屏蔽不适宜山核桃种植的地块,将浙江省山核桃栽培综合区划划分为最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区等3个等级。结果表明:浙江省山核桃最适宜栽培面积约占评价区域的26.31%,适宜区栽培面积约占33.39%,不适宜区栽培面积约占40.30%。

Genetic Diversity of Volatile Components in Xinjiang Wild Apple (Malus sieversii)

To evaluate genetic relationships using qualitative and/or quantitative differentiation of volatile components in Xinjiang Wild Apple （Malus sieversii （Lebed.） Roem.） and to acquire basic data for the conservation and utilization of the species, aroma components in ripe fruit of M. sieversii obtained from 30 seedlings at Mohe, Gongliu County, Xinjiang Autonomic Region, China, and in ripe fruit of 4 M. purnila cultivars （＇Rails＇, ＇Delicious＇, ＇Golden Delicious＇, and ＇Fuji＇） were analyzed using head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the values of similarity coefficient concerning volatile types between the two species were in accordance with the evolution of M. pumila cultivars （forms）, and that M. sieversii seedlings showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects： the total content of volatile components, the classes and contents of each compound classes, the segregation ratio, and content of main components. The results showed significant difference among seedlings and wide genetic diversity within the populations. Comparison of the volatile components in M. sieversii with those in M. pumila cultivars showed that the common compounds whose number were larger than five with the contents over 0.04 mg/L simultaneously between M. sieversii and M. pumila cultivars belonged to esters, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones. This suggests fundamental identity in main volatile components of M. sieversii and M. pumila cultivars. The results above sustained the conclusion ＂M. sieversii is probably the ancestor ofM. purnila＂. However, there were 48 compounds present in M. puraila that were not detected in M. sieversii, including 6 character impact components （i.e., propyl acetate, （Z）-3-hexenal, 2-methyl-l-butanol acetate, pentyl acetate, 3-furanmethanol, and benzene acetaldehyde）. This suggested that in the domestication of M. pumila, introgression of other apple species, except for M. sieversii, by interspecies hybridization was possible. There were 177 compounds in total belonging to 11 classes detected in 30 M. sieversii seedlings, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids, benzene ramifications, terpenes, heterocycles, hydrocarbon derivates, acetals, and lactones. Among them, acetals and lactones were not detected in M. pumila cultivars, 90 compounds were unique to M. sieversii, and 7 components （l-butanol, ethyl hutanoate, 1-hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, 3-octen-1-ol, ethyl octanoate, and damascenone） belonged to character impact odors. Thus, the potential of M. sieversii in ＂utilization conservation＂ is enormous as a rate germplasm on genetic improvement of M. pumila cultivars.

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics in Peony

[ Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [ Method ] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [ Result ] With the aggravation of water stress, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and stomatal conductance （Gs） decreased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） increased. Drought could decrease Pn, constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging, causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center, and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [ Conclusion] The 75% soil relative water content （SRWC） is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought, water logging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties, Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought, accordingly more adaptability.

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Quality Combination Parameters of High-quality Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors including sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on the quality parameters of Brassica napus hybrid＆ [Method] Statistical analysis on the data from previous studies and our work was carried out [Result] The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date, while the contents of seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid were positively correlated with the sowing date. The total amount of fat and protein, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） to saturated fatty acid （SFA）, the fatty acid （FA） of erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date; the UFA content, the unsatu- ration index, the SFA content, the 18-C FA content, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the sowing date. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, oleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the contents of oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The total amount of fat and protein （F ＆ P）, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the UFA content, the unsaturation index, the SFA content, the ratio of UFA to SFA, the 18-C FA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, protein in milled rapeseed, palmitic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the contents of seed protein, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were posi- tively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the UFA content, the SFA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the ratio of UFA to SFA, and the 18-C FA content were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount, while contents of oil, oleic acid, stearic acid and eicosenoic acid were positively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index, the SFA, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount There were negative correlations between the contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount; positive correlations between the contents of oil, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount The total UFA, the unsaturation index, the 1843 FA, the SFA, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the phosphate fertilizer amount [Conclusion] This study identified the correlations of the five cultivation factors with the quality parameters of high-quality Brassica napus hybrids, to provide theoretical basis for its cultivation.

The Directional Breeding and Feasibility of Functional Bamboos

The functional bamboos are defined as the ones artificially selected, cultivated and produced in the special functions. Based on the principles to broaden market and maximize benefits, the directional cultivation of the functional bamboos has effectively been used bio-techniques and directionally to breed and cultivate bamboo cultivars to meet human＇s needs. The functional bamboos should feature stability, excellent quality and convenient production as well as easy duplication. The functional bamboo cultivars should also enhance the scientization, standardization industrialization and mass production. Given no negative environmental impact, ou purpose is to select, cultivate and develop one or more functional bamboos cultivars to meet the consumers＇ material and spiritual needs and bring more economic ben efits for the producers. The authors believe that directionally breeding functiona bamboo cultivars is not only feasible in techniques, resources and policies, but also in economy and market development. This implicates great significance for the green economic development given the features of China＇s natural resources.

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Yield Formation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Zhuliangyou 4024 and H You 159 as Doublecropping Rice

To explore the high-yield cultivation methods of Zhuliangyou 4024 and H You 159 when planted as double-cropping rice, the effects of two cultivation meth- ods, i.e., seedling broadcasting and transplanting, were studied on SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, grain yield and yield components. The results showed that the seedling broadcasting cultivation was conducive to Zhuliangyou 4024 and H You 159 to obtain higher yield. The higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and their slower decrease of flag leaf after full heading of the seedling broadcasting cultivation were thought to be the physiological basis of high yield.

咖啡种类及优良品种简介

咖啡为茜草科（Rubiaceae）咖啡属（Coffea）植物，原产于非洲中北部，据Chevalier研究认为，该属植物共有4组66种，通常所指的咖啡为真咖啡（Eucoffea）组小粒种（Coffea arabica）、中粒种（Coffea robusta）、大粒种（Coffea liberica）和埃塞尔萨种（Coffea excelsa）的植物，其中生产性栽培的主要为小粒种和中粒种，小粒种约占栽培面积的80％，中粒种占20％.

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Oil Quality and Stability of Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.