[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare the morphological char- acteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different cultivation methods and investigate the dynamics of organ growth and development characte...[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare the morphological char- acteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different cultivation methods and investigate the dynamics of organ growth and development characteristics of different rice culti- vars. [Method] Based on continuous field observation and destructive sampling over a growing season, detailed organ morphological data were obtained including leaf length, node number, plant height, tiller number, leaf angle, leaf area and specific leaf weight, to compare organ morphological differences among 4 rice cultivars of Baidao (indica), Jinnanfeng (japonica), 9325 (japonica) and 9915 (japonica) with 3 cultivation methods of field planting in Weigang, pot planting in Weigang, and field planting in Jiangpu. [Result] Maximum leaf length of each node gradually increased at the early growth stage and decreased at the later growth stage, the relationship between maximum leaf length and node position can be described by the equations y=a,,-~ and y=ax+b; node number, growth duration, leaf length and plant height of pot planting rice in Weigang were smaller than that of the other two field planting meth- ods; the relationship between plant height and sunshine duration, plant height and GDD (growing degree days) can be described by the equation y=ax+b, 19.23 ℃.d of GDD (≥10 ≥-d) and 8.12 h of sunshine duration were required to increase 1 cm of plant height; plant height, tiller number, and leaf area of Baidao were higher than that of the other 3 laponica rice cultivars, but the specific leaf weight and leaf angle were smaller. [Conclusion] Comparison of morphological characteristic differ- ences among rice cultivars is an important way to select water-saving and drought- tolerant rice varieties. In this study, the experimental results can be integrated into a rice functional-architectural model to simulate rice organ growth dynamics in a three- dimensional space, thereby providing reference for selecting water-saving and drought-tolerant rice cultivars.展开更多
Field establishment of cashew has been seriously hampered by long delay in the nursery. This has led to transplanting of overgrown seedlings resulting in high transplant mortality, especially during the first dry seas...Field establishment of cashew has been seriously hampered by long delay in the nursery. This has led to transplanting of overgrown seedlings resulting in high transplant mortality, especially during the first dry season on the field. The experiment was set up to study field establishment of cashew transplants as affected by the nursery periods. Four nursery periods were tried. These were cashew transplanted at 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block with three replicates. Records were taken on morphological parameters and survival percentage of the transplants till fruiting. Cashew seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS had better morphological plant parameters compared to other transplants. At 3 months after transplanting (MAT), cashew transplants of 12 WAS were 172.6%, 93.7% and 38.5% taller than transplants of 3, 4 and 8 WAS, respectively and the differences were significant (P 〈 0.05). Similarly, seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS had 245.4%, ! 51.9% and 99.4% more leaves than those of 3, 4 and 8 WAS at 3 MAT, respectively. However, the survival percent of cashew seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS were 66.7% followed by that of 3 WAS with 75.0% within 12 MAT. No transplant mortality was incurred in seedlings transplanted at 4 and 8 WAS up to 12 MAT. For optimum growth and high survival rate, transplanting cashew seedlings between 4 and 8 WAS will be encouraged so as to have high plant stands, thereby, reducing supply in the following planting season.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101084)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Ministry for Returned Chinese Scholars~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare the morphological char- acteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different cultivation methods and investigate the dynamics of organ growth and development characteristics of different rice culti- vars. [Method] Based on continuous field observation and destructive sampling over a growing season, detailed organ morphological data were obtained including leaf length, node number, plant height, tiller number, leaf angle, leaf area and specific leaf weight, to compare organ morphological differences among 4 rice cultivars of Baidao (indica), Jinnanfeng (japonica), 9325 (japonica) and 9915 (japonica) with 3 cultivation methods of field planting in Weigang, pot planting in Weigang, and field planting in Jiangpu. [Result] Maximum leaf length of each node gradually increased at the early growth stage and decreased at the later growth stage, the relationship between maximum leaf length and node position can be described by the equations y=a,,-~ and y=ax+b; node number, growth duration, leaf length and plant height of pot planting rice in Weigang were smaller than that of the other two field planting meth- ods; the relationship between plant height and sunshine duration, plant height and GDD (growing degree days) can be described by the equation y=ax+b, 19.23 ℃.d of GDD (≥10 ≥-d) and 8.12 h of sunshine duration were required to increase 1 cm of plant height; plant height, tiller number, and leaf area of Baidao were higher than that of the other 3 laponica rice cultivars, but the specific leaf weight and leaf angle were smaller. [Conclusion] Comparison of morphological characteristic differ- ences among rice cultivars is an important way to select water-saving and drought- tolerant rice varieties. In this study, the experimental results can be integrated into a rice functional-architectural model to simulate rice organ growth dynamics in a three- dimensional space, thereby providing reference for selecting water-saving and drought-tolerant rice cultivars.
文摘Field establishment of cashew has been seriously hampered by long delay in the nursery. This has led to transplanting of overgrown seedlings resulting in high transplant mortality, especially during the first dry season on the field. The experiment was set up to study field establishment of cashew transplants as affected by the nursery periods. Four nursery periods were tried. These were cashew transplanted at 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block with three replicates. Records were taken on morphological parameters and survival percentage of the transplants till fruiting. Cashew seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS had better morphological plant parameters compared to other transplants. At 3 months after transplanting (MAT), cashew transplants of 12 WAS were 172.6%, 93.7% and 38.5% taller than transplants of 3, 4 and 8 WAS, respectively and the differences were significant (P 〈 0.05). Similarly, seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS had 245.4%, ! 51.9% and 99.4% more leaves than those of 3, 4 and 8 WAS at 3 MAT, respectively. However, the survival percent of cashew seedlings transplanted at 12 WAS were 66.7% followed by that of 3 WAS with 75.0% within 12 MAT. No transplant mortality was incurred in seedlings transplanted at 4 and 8 WAS up to 12 MAT. For optimum growth and high survival rate, transplanting cashew seedlings between 4 and 8 WAS will be encouraged so as to have high plant stands, thereby, reducing supply in the following planting season.