论汪曾祺小说的乌托邦情结——构筑桃花源境

深受中国传统文化濡染和明清后士大夫精神气质与文化心态影响的汪曾祺在屡受磨难、饱经风霜之后,痛苦又无奈地选择了远离社会政治,着力构筑温馨和谐的乌托邦以躲避矛盾和纠纷的道路,但同时其作品中也流露出对人世、人生与人性的关怀和悲悯。其作品中营造的温馨恬静的氛围、至真至纯的人性和民俗、淳朴清新的桃花源境深深吸引着广大读者。

Integration of Ecology and Culture in Environment Creation of Residential District——A Case Study of Landscape Design of Group A in Urban Paradise in Nanning

To create a graceful living environment is the core responsibility of landscape designers in the designing process of residential environment. Residential environment design should pay attention to correctly involving cultural feature and environmental and ecological elements which should be integrated in certain living environment through a good design method, so as to reflect landscape designers’ concern on the urban living space. Taking the buildings of Urban Paradise (Paradise in Chinese literature is also called Taohua Yuan, that is, Land of Peach Blossom, originated from the essay by TAO Yuan-ming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) in Nanning City for example, the research investigated how to integrate ecology and culture in the environment creation of residential district.

“加冕”与“脱冕”中的“无事的悲剧”

《儒林外史》是我国讽刺小说的高峰,有很高的艺术成就,尤以“王冕画画”“范进中举”两回为最佳。在“王冕画画”这回中,主人公王冕自制了一个自由之“冕”,构筑了一个近于桃花源的美境,但这个近于桃花源的美境却是世俗世界的一部分,有诸多“潘多拉魔盒”里的“幽灵”,这些“幽灵”要把王冕的“自由之冕”脱去,于是便上演了“加冕”和“脱冕”的“几乎是无事”的悲喜剧。范进与王冕相反,他自制了一顶“紧箍之冕”。封建科举制几乎使范进终身“脱冕”,是周进的一念之想,才使范进的“加冕”成为现实。范进的“脱冕”和“加冕”是“几乎无事”的悲喜剧的另一精彩注脚。两人“脱冕”“加冕”的“几乎无事”的悲喜剧具有巨大的批判意义。在这两回中,作者还使用了母子、翁婿同体化的写作手法,使人物形象更加生动、鲜明、丰满,具有极强的艺术魅力。