The Effect and Mechanism of Fructus lycii on Improvement of Exercise Fatigue Using a Network Pharmacological Approach with in vitro Experimental Verification

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Fructus lycii in improving exercise fatigue.Methods A network pharmacological approach was used to explore potential mechanisms of action of Fructus lycii.Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the effect and mechanism of the representative components in Fructus lycii predicted by network pharmacological analysis.Results Six potential active components,namely quercetin,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol,7-Omethylluteolin-6-C-beta-glucoside_qt,atropine,and glycitein,were identified to have potency in improving exercise fatigue via multiple pathways,such as the PI3K-Akt,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,IL-17,TNF,and MAPK signaling pathways.The immunofluorescence results indicated that quercetin,a significant active component in Fructus lycii,increased the mean staining area of 2-NBDG,TMRM,and MitoTracker,and decreased the area of CellRox compared to the control.Furthermore,the protein expression levels of p-38 MAPK,p-MAPK,p-JNK,p-PI3K,and p-AKT markedly increased after quercetin treatment.Conclusion Fructus lycii might alleviate exercise fatigue through multiple components and pathways.Among these,quercetin appears to improve exercise fatigue by enhancing energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.The PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways also appear to play a role in this process.

Lignans are the main active components of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus for liver disease treatment:a review

As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus(SC)has been used in medicine and food industry due to its health care and therapeutic effects.Over the past 20 years,the use of SC and its active ingredient lignans in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases has been increasing,and their hepatoprotective effects has increased the interest of the public and academia.Therefore,in the present work,we first determined the effectiveness of SC in the treatment of liver diseases such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease,alcoholic liver disease,cholestatic liver disease and acute liver injury.Subsequently,the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans,the active components of SC,for liver disease treatment were comprehensively summarized for the first time.The results showed that the lignans in SC could achieve hepatoprotective effects by regulating lipid metabolism,anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and regulating bile acid metabolism.The mechanism mainly involved adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,endoplasmic reticulum stress,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c,autophagy,transforming growth factor-β,mitogen-activated protein kinase,microRNA,nuclear factor kappa-B,nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2,heat shock proteins and pregnane X receptor signaling pathways.These results can lay a scientific foundation for the development of hepatoprotective drugs or functional foods from SC/lignans.

How Schisandrae Fructus Benefits the Body: Mechanisms in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SF) is a commonly used herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to TCM theory, SF can invigorate Qi in the liver and other visceral organs through the meridian system. Furthermore, the liver’s pivotal role in regulating the functions of various visceral organs helps explain how SF can promote holistic health benefits. The main active ingredient of SF, schisandrin B (Sch B), has been found to improve mitochondrial ATP production and enhance glutathione redox status in multiple organs. This could account for the overall protective effects of Sch B on organs. Due to its stronger impact on liver function, the positive influence of Sch B on different organs may be facilitated by signal molecules originating from the liver.

Insight into the Efficacy and Potential Mechanism of Fructus Aurantii on Skin Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism and pharmacological activity of Fructus Aurantii on human skin through network pharmacology.[Methods]The active components and targets of Fructus Aurantii were screened byTCMSPand SymMap data-bases,and the targets were humanized after de-duplication by UniProt database.Relevant therapeutic targets were searched in Gencards data-base with"skin"as the key word,and those with higher weights were retained.An effective component-human skin action target network of Fructus Aurantii was established by Cytoscape software.Then,the topological analysis of protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was made by using String database and Cytoscape software.Gene Ontology(GO)funetional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by david database,and the analysis results were visualized by Hiplot soft-ware.[Results]Thirteen active compounds of Fructus Aurantii were obtained by screening,and 99 gene targets of Fructus Aurantii which might have pharmacological activity on human skin were obtained by intersection analysis.PTGS2,PTGS1,HSP90AB1,HSP90AAI,NCOA2 and PIK3CG might be core action targets of Fructus Aurantii on human skin according to the topological analysis of the active component-target network.The analysis of PPI network showed that IL-1β,INS,TNF,TP53 and ESR1 might be core action proteins of Fructus Auranti.GO enrichment analysis showed that Fructus Aurantii might balance the imbalance of skin microenvironment caused by various in-vitro stimuli by participating in biological processes such as response to xenobiotic stimulus and regulation of small molecule metabolic process.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the targets of Fructus Aurantii acting on human skin were enriched in pathways in cancer,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection,pathways in measles,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,IL.-17 signaling pathway,etc.[Conclusions]Fructus Aurantii may act on human skin targets through a variety of active components,and play a regulatory role in skin-related diseases.

Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.

Study on the mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.- Jujubae Fructus in the treatment of hepatocirrhosis based on network pharmacology

The active components,targets,and pathways of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and the mechanism of action were explored by means of network pharmacology.Firstly,the active components and related targets of Jujubae Fructus were screened by TCMSP database and standardized by Uniprot database.The compounds of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.were obtained by searching the literature and finally screened by PubChem database,Swiss ADME,and SwissTargetPrediction.Hepatocirrhosis targets were obtained through Genecards database,PPI network analysis was conducted on common targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis by using String database,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted through Metascape database by using intersection targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis,and the results were drawn by using Weishengxin online drawing platform.Then,the network of drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by the software of Cytoscape3.8.0.Finally,the above results were verified by molecular docking.47 active compounds from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus were screened out,which had 38 common targets,162 intersection targets,and 340 signal pathways with hepatocirrhosis,mainly involving hepatitis C,JAK-STAT signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway.Targets,such as MAPK1,AKT1,TNF,JUN,IL6 and PTGS2,play important roles in the treatment.The findings suggested that the main active ingredients of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis are quercetin,scopolamine,physcion,7-deoxyrangduin,17-Hydroxyjolkinolide A,etc.Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and core targets might have a good binding capacity.This study preliminarily explored the potential mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus.

利用响应面分析技术提升桑椹多酚超声提取得率研究

目的优化超声提取桑椹多酚的方法以增加桑椹中多酚类物质的提取得率。方法以多酚提取得率为考查指标,通过单因素和响应面法的结合探索桑椹多酚超声提取工艺,考察液料比、超声功率和乙醇体积分数等关键因素,利用福林酚试剂法测定收集的10批次桑椹样品中多酚含量。结果超声提取桑椹多酚的最佳工艺条件是60%乙醇体积分数、36 mL/g液料比、350 W超声功率和30 min超声提取时间,此条件下桑椹多酚提取得率最高可达2.86%;不同产地桑椹样品多酚含量存在差异,山东、北京和四川3地收集的桑椹样品中多酚含量较高。结论本研究优化了桑椹多酚的超声提取工艺,操作简单,用时短,有机试剂用量少,多酚类物质提取得率较高,为桑椹多酚的开发提供了实验参考。

响应面法优化黑桑椹黄酮超声波提取工艺

为优化黑桑椹总黄酮超声波提取工艺,以库尔勒市阿瓦提乡采摘园种植的黑桑椹果实为原料,在单因素试验结果的基础上,分别选取乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间、液料比4个因素开展Box-Behnken中心组合试验,利用Design-Expert 8.06软件对结果进行分析和优化。结果表明,黑桑椹中黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,提取温度70℃,超声时间40 min,液料比30∶1(mL/g)。在此工艺条件下,黑桑椹黄酮类物质提取量为9.565 mg/g。说明应用响应面法所得到的提取工艺参数可行性强、可靠性高。

果桑园桑椹菌核病防控实践与发展建议

桑椹菌核病是影响果桑产业持续稳定发展的主要因素之一,通过深入实践,总结了应用农业、物理、化学及生物等综合防控桑椹菌核病的有效措施。并分析归纳了果桑产业发展中存在的果用桑品种选育更新推广滞后、果桑园选址建园和种植密度及日常管理不科学、果桑园行间及周边农田栽培作物不当、传统露天栽培模式风险大效益不稳定、适宜防治桑树病虫害的药剂单一且防效差、不能科学及时有效地防控草害等问题,提出了加强果桑新品种的研发引进及示范推广、科学规划合理定植及精细化管理、果桑园行间合理间套作农作物、周边不种植菌核病易感植物、加强果桑设施栽培研究、规模化推广避雨栽培技术、加快病虫害防控化学药剂的研制及更新进度、科学除草及使用除草剂杀灭桑椹菌核病病原菌等果桑产业高效发展的对策建议。

桑椹菌核病的发生与防治技术研究进展

文章介绍了桑椹菌核病的病原菌和发病症状,从发生条件、侵染过程及流行规律等方面阐述了桑椹菌核病的发生规律,从品种抗病性、菌源积累、气候条件和栽培管理等方面分析了桑椹菌核病的发生原因,从选用抗病品种、加强田间管理和清除菌源等方面介绍了桑椹菌核病的农业防治措施,从生防菌筛选和绿色防控药剂的筛选等方面介绍了主要生物防治技术,介绍了不同化学农药对桑椹菌核病的防治效果及其农药残留情况。笔者认为对桑椹菌核病的防治,应在选用抗病品种、科学栽培、及时清除菌源等农业防治措施的基础上,采取生物防治为主、药剂防治为辅的综合防治模式,既能较好地控制病害的发展,又能满足人们对绿色食品的需求。

成熟度对桑椹果实多糖与酚类的影响

目的研究桑椹果实在生长成熟过程中基础营养成分以及多糖、酚类成分的变化。方法采用木里氏纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶和木瓜蛋白酶混合作用提取桑椹中的多糖,采用离子色谱法检测单糖组成,采用尺寸排阻色谱与多角度光散射联用与示差折光检测器联用技术检测桑椹多糖的分子量,采用傅里叶红外光谱和原子力显微镜检测多糖的结构组成和形态;桑椹酚类物质通过甲醇提取、旋蒸、树脂纯化、旋蒸和冻干,采用液相色谱-质谱检测其中酚类组成及含量比例。结果桑椹果实的含水量在青、红果时为89.49%和90.55%,成熟后略微下降至86.90%;灰分在成熟过程中下降明显,从1.09%逐渐下降至0.64%、0.48%;可溶性固形物,即主要是可溶性糖含量从青果的7.11%和红果的7.05%最终上升至成熟果的12.29%。随着桑椹成熟度升高,桑椹多糖组成中葡萄糖含量占比由20.04%下降至11.36%和5.11%,半乳糖醛酸含量占比由26.32%上升至41.85%和45.77%,多糖分子量变小。3种不同成熟度桑椹多糖均鉴定为果胶型多糖,主要成分为半乳糖醛酸;酚类主要由绿原酸、绿原酸二聚体、芦丁、槲皮素、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷等组成。结论成熟桑椹中营养成分高于未成熟桑椹,特别是其中可溶性固形物及花色苷含量,其中花色苷会随着桑椹成熟发生大幅的升高,而桑椹多糖为果胶多糖,随着成熟其同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖与鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖I结构域占比增加,为链状或球状结构。

Mori fructus aqueous extracts attenuates liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway

Background Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis secondary to liver fibrosis are serious liver diseases with no effective treatments.Mori fructus aqueous extracts(MFAEs)have served as successful treatments for many types of liver injury including fibrosis although the molecular mechanisms are unknown at present.Purpose To investigate the effect of MFAEs in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury and tried to decipher the underlying mechanism.Methods and results Mice were divided into 5 groups(n ps:contro=8)for acute(groups:control,0.3%CCl_(4),bifendate(BD),100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,7 d)and chronic(groul,10%CCl_(4),BD,100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,4 weeks)liver injury study.Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 10μL/g corn oil containing CCl_(4)expect the control group.HepG2 cells were used in vitro study.Eighteen communal components were identified by UPLC-LTQOrbitrap-MS.We utilized a mouse model for acute and chronic liver injury using CCl_(4)and MFAEs administration effectively blocked fibrosis and significantly inhibited inflammation in the liver.MFAEs activated the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2/heme oxygenase 1(Nrf2/HO-1)pathway and promoted the synthesis of the antioxidants glutathione(GSH),superoxidedismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)that resulted in reduced levels of CCl_(4)-induced oxidative stress molecules including reactive oxygen species.These extracts administered to mice also inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),thus reducing the occurrence of liver fibrosis.Both in vivo and in vitro tests indicated that the mechanism of MFAEs protection against liver fibrosis was linked to activation of Nrf2 signaling.These effects were blocked in vitro by the addition of a specific Nrf2 inhibitor.Conclusion MFAEs inhibited oxidative stress,ferroptosis and inflammation of the liver by activating Nrf2 signal pathway and provided a significant protective effect against CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis.

Essential oil extracted from Quzhou Aurantii Fructus prevents acute liver failure through inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response

Quzhou Aurantii Fructus(QAF)has a long history as a folk medicine and food for the treatment of liver diseases.While our earlier study provided evidence of hepatoprotective properties contained within the flavonoids and limonins constituents in QAF,the potential preventative effects afforded by essential oil components present within QAF remains enigmatic.In this study,we prepared Quzhou Aurantii Fructus essential oil(QAFEO)and confirmed its anti-inflammatory effects on liver inflammation through experimentation on lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine(LPS/D-GalN)induced acute liver failure(ALF)mouse models.Using RNA-sequence(RNA-seq)analysis,we found that QAFEO prevented ALF by systematically blunting the pathways involved in response to LPS and toll-like receptor signaling pathways.QAFEO effectively suppressed the phosphorylation of tank-binding kinase 1(TBK1),TGF-beta activated kinase 1(TAK1),interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3),and the activation of mitogen activated kinase-like protein(MAPK)and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathways in vivo and in vitro.Importantly,QAFEO substantially reduced myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(MyD88)-toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)interaction levels.Moreover,8 compounds from QAFEO could directly bind to REAL,TAK1,MyD88,TBK1,and IRF3.Taken together,the results of our study support the notion that QAFEO exerts a hepatoprotective effect through inhibiting LPS-mediated inflammatory response.

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨桑椹治疗糖尿病肾病作用机制

目的运用网络药理学和分子对接方法探讨桑椹治疗糖尿病肾病潜在作用机制。方法检索TCMSP数据库获取桑椹活性成分及作用靶点,检索DisGeNET、DrugBank、GeneCards、TTD数据库获取糖尿病肾病相关靶点,将两者靶点的交集作为桑椹治疗糖尿病肾病的“关联基因”;使用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作(PPI)网络,使用DAVID软件进行GO功能和KEGG富集分析;使用Discovery Studio2019软件进行分子对接。结果共得到桑椹活性成分91个,“关联基因”81个。GO功能富集结果显示,“关联基因”主要涉及转录正调控、基因表达正调控等生物过程,细胞外区域、细胞质、质膜等细胞成分,发挥蛋白质结合、DNA结合等分子功能,参与糖尿病并发症中的晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体通路、肿瘤坏死因子通路等;PPI分析及KEGG通路分析筛选出TNF、IL1B、IL6、VEGFA等13个关键基因。分子对接结果显示,关键基因的蛋白结构与活性成分结合情况良好。结论桑椹可调节炎症反应、糖代谢、细胞凋亡等过程,能够多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗糖尿病肾病。

不同干燥方式对桑椹酥果理化特性的影响

以不同品种桑椹为试材,采用变温压差膨化干燥、鼓风干燥和真空冷冻干燥等方法,研究了“白椹”“玫瑰蜜”“无核大十”桑椹酥果品质,并进一步研究了3种干燥方式下“白椹”酥果品质的差异,明确不同桑椹品种适宜的干燥方式,以期为桑椹膨化干燥加工提供参考依据。结果表明:鼓风干燥桑葚酥果硬度、脆性和酥性最高,适口性较差;膨化干燥和冷冻干燥酥果质构特性优良,均具有较好的适口性。变温压差膨化干燥的总酚、总糖、维生素E、镁和硒的含量最高,鼓风干燥的总酸和锌含量最高,真空冷冻干燥的维生素C含量最高。综合能耗和理化特性,变温压差膨化干燥的加工特性和营养成分要优于鼓风干燥和真空冷冻干燥,更适宜于“白椹”酥果加工。

基于体外结肠发酵探究桑椹活性成分的变化及对肠道菌群的影响

桑椹营养丰富,具有食用及药用价值,但活性成分的作用机制尚不明确。文中采用人体肠道微生态系统模拟装置考察结肠发酵后桑椹酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性的变化,同时分析桑椹对肠道菌群组成和主要代谢产物短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acid,SCFA)的影响。经体外结肠发酵后,桑椹总酚含量提高46.43%、抗氧化活性也显著提高,但总黄酮和总花色苷含量显著下降。测序分析结果表明,桑椹的添加显著提高了肠道菌群多样性,促进了乳酸杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等有益菌的生长,并有效抑制克雷伯菌、Lachnoclostridium菌和巨球型菌等有害菌的生长。桑椹可促进肠道菌群产生丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸和异戊酸等SCFA,其中丁酸浓度提高了2.52倍,占发酵液SCFA总量的56.51%。综上,结肠发酵可通过桑椹活性成分转化进而促进其抗氧化活性的提高,对肠道菌群有明显的调节作用,促进了肠道SCFA等活性代谢物的产生。本研究结果可为研究桑椹健康效应发挥的物质基础和作用途径提供参考。

桑椹菌核病菌的分离鉴定及室内药剂筛选

【目的】桑椹菌核病是桑果上的一种毁灭性病害,对果桑产业的健康发展和产量稳定构成了严重的威胁。分离鉴定引起江西省乐安县桑椹菌核病的病原菌并筛选抑制其菌丝生长的生物农药,为后续研究该病绿色防控技术提供理论依据。【方法】利用组织分离法和柯赫氏法则对江西省乐安县的发病桑椹进行病原分离和致病性测定;采用形态学和分子生物学手段对分离到的病原菌进行鉴定并优化其培养条件;采用含药平板法测定7种生物农药对病原菌的抑制效果。【结果】从发生桑椹菌核病的种植地采集的菌核分离出的8株真菌在PDA培养基上培养特征一致,以菌株JH21为代表对其ITS和RPB2序列扩增测序,经过同源比对确定JH21为核地杖菌(Scleromitrula shiraiana)。该菌的菌丝在pH为6的绿豆葡萄糖琼脂培养基(MBDA)上12 h/12 h光暗交替、20~25℃培养时生长较好。室内药剂筛选结果表明,0.3%四霉素水剂和0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂对核地杖菌有较好抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.078μg/mL、0.667μg/mL。【结论】研究确定了在江西省乐安县种植园中的桑椹主要受到由核地仗菌侵染引起的缩小性菌核病的威胁。四霉素和丁子香酚作为生物农药具有绿色、安全的特点,在防治桑椹菌核病方面具有应用潜力。

Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus:botany,traditional use,phytochemistry,pharmacology,toxicity and quality control

Euodiae Fructus,referred to as“Wuzhuyu”in Chinese,has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions,especially in China,Japan and Korea,for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders,headache,emesis,aphtha,dermatophytosis,dysentery,etc.Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed.Recently,interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine,rutaecarpine,dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone,which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models,such as anticancer,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-cardiovascular disease,etc.This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany,traditional uses,phytochemistry,pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control,and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.

A Rapid Determination of 30 Prohibited Pesticide Residues in Lycii Fructus by UPLC-MS/MS

Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus,However,rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues.Here,a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)in five different process ways.Pretreatment methods,chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly.Among the five different pretreatment methods,the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds(both lower than 60%).Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method(QuEChERS)was lower than 60%,which did not meet the requirements of trace determination.The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges,with correlation coefficients over 0.99.The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13%to 110.9%,while RSD ranged from 1.3%to 16.9%,albeit poor purification was observed.The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75%and 103.08%with RSD value from 0.8%to 14.0%,which met the requirements of trace determination,this method has good precision and stability.These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.

不同品种桑椹发酵酒的体外抗氧化、降血糖及降血脂活性研究

以大10、中桑5801、嘉陵30和紫金6号4个品种桑椹为原料酿制发酵酒,研究其体外抗氧化、降血糖及降血脂活性,并对不同品种桑椹及其发酵酒的理化指标(如总酚、花色苷含量等)进行了对比分析。结果表明,大10桑椹发酵酒的总酚(2.44 mg GAE/mL)和花色苷含量(410.79 mg CGE/L)显著高于其他3个品种桑椹发酵酒。抗氧化活性方面,大10桑椹发酵酒的DPPH自由基清除率(99.70%)与铁离子还原能力均为最高。嘉陵30、中桑5801与大10桑椹发酵酒的ABTS阳离子自由基清除率均超过95%,显著高于紫金6号(81.29%)。大10和紫金6号桑椹发酵酒对羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力相对较高(>85%);降血糖活性方面,大10桑椹发酵酒表现出更好的效果,其对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性抑制率分别为96.45%和68.13%;降血脂活性方面,大10桑椹发酵酒也具有相对较好的结合甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠能力。综上,4种桑椹发酵酒均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、抑制α-淀粉酶活性和体外降血脂活性,大10桑椹发酵酒在整体上表现出更好的功能活性。相关性分析结果表明,桑椹发酵酒中的总酚含量与其降血糖活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),花色苷含量与其DPPH自由基清除能力、降血脂活性呈极显著正相关,总酸含量与其·OH清除能力呈极显著正相关。