超声滚压对45钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

目的提高45钢的表面完整性,研究超声表面滚压加工(Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing,USRP)技术对45钢微观梯度结构和力学性能的影响。方法通过USRP技术,在材料表层制备出微观梯度结构,并对试样梯度结构组织进行金相、SEM、EBSD、表面粗糙度以及显微硬度分析。最后,考虑到尺度效应的影响,采用应变梯度理论修正的仪器化压痕法,对试样表层组织的梯度力学性能进行分析。结果试样表层形成120μm厚的取向各异的细小晶粒组织,晶粒尺寸形成了梯度变化,距离表层10μm区域内的平均晶粒尺寸可以达到360 nm。材料表层组织的大小角度晶界数量明显增多,且随加工遍数的增加而明显增加。试样的表面粗糙度降低至纳米级,比原始粗糙度降低了96.7%,表面显微硬度提高了55.1%。根据塑性变形程度,将表层微结构分为强变形区、微变形区和未影响区3个区域。强变形区、微变形区的厚度随着处理遍数的增加而增加,塑性变形层厚度最高达320μm。结论试样表层形成了一定厚度的细小晶粒组织,试样表面粗糙度和显微硬度均有明显改善。试样表层的弹性和塑性性能均体现出明显的梯度变化,其中弹性模量提高了1.67倍,屈服强度提高了83.3%,加工硬化指数降低了68.3%,在改善材料的抗疲劳和腐蚀性能方面十分有效。

6061铝合金非连续搅拌摩擦增材制造与性能研究

目的利用非连续搅拌摩擦沉积增材制造技术制备了6061铝合金并研究了z方向非连续搅拌对合金性能的影响。方法使用超景深电子显微镜分析了预热时间对沉积增材成形工艺的影响,并探究了该工艺条件下沉积层的宏/微观缺陷、材料流动及拉伸力学性能关联规律。结果采用z方向非连续搅拌摩擦沉积增材成形工艺,在预热时间为35 s的条件下,除无横向约束的前进侧和后退侧出现了孔洞、弧形飞边及弱结合等微观缺陷外,沉积层中原料棒与凸起搅拌作用区的组织表现为高致密无孔洞的良好形态,原料棒及刀具凸起的强搅拌作用造成z方向材料流动存在差异,进而获得力学性能沿z方向具有梯度分布的完整沉积层,提高了搅拌摩擦沉积增材制造6061铝合金的成形效率。结论在相应的主轴转速(420 r/min)、平移速度(72 mm/min)、进料速度(72 mm/min)、刀具凸起高度(1.5 mm)与预热时间(35 s)工艺参数下,获得了稳定的增材沉积层,有效抑制了沉积层原料棒及凸起搅拌作用区的宏观缺陷,并使材料性能沿z方向呈梯度分布;沉积层抗拉强度达到了原料棒的57.15%;同时伸长率提升了185.8%,为高效率沉积增材及制备梯度性能构件提供了工艺借鉴。

汽车超高强钢热冲压成形新工艺——选择性冷却

超高强钢板热成形作为汽车制造领域的热门技术,在轻量化、节能减排和提高安全性等方面发挥了重要作用,具有广阔的应用前景。综述了国内外对热成形工艺的研究状况,然后提出一种新的热成形工艺——选择性冷却,重点介绍了该工艺的基本原理,指出了该工艺的研究内容及目前存在的关键问题。最后陈述了其应用前景。

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy by heat treatment with continuous temperature gradient

A new high throughput heat-treatment method with a continuous temperature gradient between 600 and 700 ？C was utilized on the Ti-5553 alloy（Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-3 Cr, mass fraction, %）. The temperature gradient was induced by the variation of the axial section of sample, which was heated by the direct current. The variation of continuous cooling rates on the treated sample was realized by using the end quenching method. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties under different heat treatment conditions were evaluated. The results show that the pseudo-spinodal decomposition of the alloy occurs at（617±1） ？C, and the size of the precipitated α phase is around 300 nm. Moreover, the highest microhardness is obtained after the heat treatment at the pseudo-spinodal decomposition temperature for 4 h. These indicate that the high throughput method is efficient and fast to determine the phase transformation temperature and corresponding microstructural evolution of alloys.

Development of functionally graded aluminium composites using centrifugal casting and influence of reinforcements on mechanical and wear properties

Functionally graded Al/B_4C, Al/Si C, Al/Al_2O_3 and Al/TiB_2 composites with constant 12%(mass fraction) of reinforcement were fabricated by centrifugal casting and hollow cylindrical components were obtained. Microstructural characteristics were investigated at outer surface of all composites and segregation of reinforcement particles was observed. Graded property of the composites with different reinforcements was investigated through hardness and tensile measurements. Results revealed that the outer peripheries of all composites exhibit higher hardness except in Al/B_4C composite and the outer zones of all composites show higher tensile strength. Abrasive wear test was conducted on the outer peripheries of all composites and Al/TiB_2 composite exhibits less wear rate.

Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted multilayer functionally graded materials

Functionally graded material(FGM)can tailor properties of components such as wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and functionality to enhance the overall performance.The selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing highlights the capability in manufacturing FGMs with a high geometrical complexity and manufacture flexibility.In this work,the 316L/CuSn10/18Ni300/CoCr four-type materials FGMs were fabricated using SLM.The microstructure and properties of the FGMs were investigated to reveal the effects of SLM processing parameters on the defects.A large number of microcracks were found at the 316L/CuSn10 interface,which initiated from the fusion boundary of 316L region and extended along the building direction.The elastic modulus and nano-hardness in the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zone decreased significantly,less than those in the 18Ni300 region or the CoCr region.The iron and copper elements were well diffused in the 316L/CuSn10 fusion zone,while elements in the CuSn10/18Ni300 and the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zones showed significantly gradient transitions.Compared with other regions,the width of the CuSn10/18Ni300 interface and the CuSn10 region expand significantly.The mechanisms of materials fusion and crack generation at the 316L/CuSn10 interface were discussed.In addition,FGM structures without macro-crack were built by only altering the deposition subsequence of 316L and CuSn10,which provides a guide for the additive manufacturing of FGM structures.

Thermoelastic stresses in a uniformly heated functionally graded isotropic hollow cylinder

The axisymmetric thermoelastic problem of a uniformly heated, functionally graded isotropic hollow cylinder is considered. An analytical form of solution is proposed. For the case when the Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient have a power\|law dependence on the radial coordinate, explicit exact solution is obtained. For the degenerated case, i.e. when the cylinder is homogeneous and isotropic, no stresses will occur provided it is subjected to a uniform temperature. Numerical results are finally given and some important inclusions are obtained.

Mechanical Properties of Graphene within the Framework of Gradient Theory of Adhesion

The gradient model of two-dimensional defectless medium is formulated. A graphene sheet is examined as an example of such two-dimensional medium. The problem statement of a graphene sheet deforming in its plane and the bending problem are examined. It is ascertained that the statement of the first problem is equivalent to the flat problem statement of Toupin gradient theory. The statement of the bending problem is equivalent to the plate bending theory of Timoshenko with certain reserves. The characteristic feature of both statements is the fact that the mechanical properties of the sheet of graphene are not defined by “volumetric” moduli but by adhesive ones which have different physical dimension that coincides with the dimension of the corresponding stiffness of classical and nonclassical plates.

Cross-scale indentation scaling relationships of strain gradient plastic solids:Influence of inclusions near the indenter tip

The indentation test is a localized testing technique;therefore,the role of the material size-effect and local non-uniformity is of much importance.The influence of the heterogeneity in size-independent materials has been studied previously.The present work detailedly investigated the influence of the material size-effect and heterogeneity(inclusions near the indenter tip)on the indentation hardness using a size-dependent strain gradient plastic theory.And it was found that when considering the material size-ffect,shallow hard inclusions in the heterogeneous materials more significantly enhance the material indentation hardness compared with the size-independent materials which are based on the conventional plastic theory.This hardening effect is be-lieved to be related to the elevation of the load and local constraints of large deformation.The effect of material inhomogeneity mainly comes from the non-uniformity of the structure rather than the inclusion modulus itself especially when the size-effect is involved,and the transition range of the inclusion modulus'influence is pretty narrow.The effect of non-uniformity becomes negligible after the initial inclusion depth is larger than its diameter.The horizontal offset of the indenter from the inclusion is also of much sensitivity to the influence of the heterogeneous indentation.This paper focuses on the scaling relationships in micro-and nanoindentation,the influence of non-uniformity in microscopic materials is studied and supplemented as well.