贵州梯田机械化保护性耕作技术探讨

以贵州梯田水稻保护性耕作为视角,介绍一种新型水田耙浆平地机,完成适宜贵州梯田的水稻保护性耕作的技术推广前景。以农机农艺融合为基础,以适宜贵州梯田的保护性耕作理念为出发点,研究兼具生态与经济高效的农机化技术,有助于推动山区丘陵农业生产活动可持续发展。

Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Nutrients Based on GIS and Geostatistics:A Case Study of Yisa Township, Yunnan, China

Hani rice terraces system is one of the Globaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） pilot sites selected by FAO. Soil nutrients are an important symbol of soil fertility, and play an important role in the sustainable utilization of land. Based on geo-statistics and GIS, the spatial variation of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil in Yisa （a town in Honghe County, Yunnan Province） was studied. The results show that the spatial variability of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium exhibited medium spatial variability, and the coefficients of variation are 12.54%, 40.14%, 40.00%, 34.89%, and 40.00% respectively. Available phosphorus exhibited strong spatial variability, and the coefifcient of variation is 102.13%. The spatial variation of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium fit the index mode, however, the spatial variation of available phosphorus ifts the spherical model. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were greatly affected by soil structural factors, while pH, organic matter and alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen were affected by both structural and random factors. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients in Yisa was intuitively characterized by Kriging interpolation. It is very important to understand the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, which wil provide the guidance for adjusting agricultural management measures such as fertilization.

Values and Conservation of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System as a GIAHS Site

Agri-cultural Heritage Systems（AHS） have not only various values but also important enlightening roles for modern agriculture.With agro-scientific and technological progress,the traditional agriculture that has lasted for thousands of years is declining gradually,thus is attached the importance of exploring and protecting our AHS.As a traditional agricultural system for 1300 years,the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System（HHRTS） has many significant characteristics such as beautiful landscapes,distinctive rice varieties,ecologically clean agricultural production systems,systematic methods of managing water and soil and special ethnic culture.It was designated successively as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System（GIAHS） in 2010 and as a World Heritage（WH） in 2013.In this paper,taking HHRTS as an example,we analyzed the economic,ecological,aesthetic,cultural,and social values,as well as the research values,of the GIAHS.We conclude that the restrictions on increasing peasant earnings and improving their living standards are difficult with the low efficiency of traditional planting patterns and the single-industry structure of farming in rugged terrain.However,these restrictive factors are beneficial for developing some industries like green agriculture,organic agriculture or ecological food production because of the clean farmland environment.In the end,we propose the basic approaches to protect the Hani terraces agriculture system should include the local governments to encourage the development of ecotourism,organic agriculture and featuring agriculture by multi-mode economic compensation.It is very important for protecting terraces to coordinate benefits among corporations,governments and villagers by making reasonable policies of compensation.

The Effect of the Irrigated Gudeuljang Paddy System on Biodiversity on Cheongsan-do(“island”)

This study has been conducted to identify the characteristics of the biodiversity promoted and maintained by gudeuljang paddy field.For this purpose,a literature review was used to identify the distribution of gudeuljang paddy field on Cheongsan-do.Based on the results of the review,a target area was selected to conduct an investigation of the flora of the vascular plants and a phytosociological examination,which included general farmlands and neighboring areas,was made for comparison.As a result of the study,we were able to identify the differences between the type of gudeuljang paddy field that uses continuous irrigation and other types of land use.We found that the unique physical structure for water passage found in gudeuljang paddy fields with continuous irrigation is more effective in promoting biodiversity than the other types of land use in this area.In conclusion,the presence of gudeuljang paddy fields on Cheongsan-do contributes more to the creation of an appropriate biohabitat than it detracts from such a creation.Also,the presence of gudeuljang paddy fields is significant in that it exercises positive influence on the promotion of biodiversity,such as propagation of species,and the connection of habitats in adjacent forest,village,and farm lands.Our result shows that the maintenance and preservation of gudeuljang paddy fields on Cheongsan-do plays a crucial part in the preservation and maintenance of the biodiversity for vegetation that grows among rocks and in adjacent forest areas.