To control movement,the brain has to integrate proprioceptive information from a variety of mechanoreceptors.The role of proprioception in daily activities,exercise,and sports has been extensively investigated,using d...To control movement,the brain has to integrate proprioceptive information from a variety of mechanoreceptors.The role of proprioception in daily activities,exercise,and sports has been extensively investigated,using different techniques,yet the proprioceptive mechanisms underlying human movement control are still unclear.In the current work we have reviewed understanding of proprioception and the three testing methods:threshold to detection of passive motion,joint position reproduction,and active movement extent discrimination,all of which have been used for assessing proprioception.The origin of the methods,the different testing apparatus,and the procedures and protocols used in each approach are compared and discussed.Recommendations are made for choosing an appropriate technique when assessing proprioceptive mechanisms in different contexts.展开更多
Background： HRP2-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria ensure a rational use of artemisinin-based combination therapy （ACT）. The HRP2 antigen can go through the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）. Purpose： To...Background： HRP2-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria ensure a rational use of artemisinin-based combination therapy （ACT）. The HRP2 antigen can go through the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）. Purpose： To assess the HRP2-based RDT in malaria and detect the HRP2 in CSF. Methods： From November 2006 to May 2007, all patients under 15 years showing clinical symptoms of malaria were included. RDT was performed on the CSF and peripheral blood. Results： Out of the 951 patients included, 131 （13.7%） were confirmed through RDT and 130 （13.6%） through thick blood smear. Sensitivity and specificity stood at 96.96% and 99.71% respectively, for uncomplicated cases and at 100% and 99.13% for severe cases. Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF of 52 cases were negative. Conclusion： Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF could make it possible to diagnose severe malaria cases when peripheral parasitemia would be below the detection threshold.展开更多
基金the University of Canberra,Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No.13490503800)supported by Shanghai Pujiang Program (No.15PJ1407600)
文摘To control movement,the brain has to integrate proprioceptive information from a variety of mechanoreceptors.The role of proprioception in daily activities,exercise,and sports has been extensively investigated,using different techniques,yet the proprioceptive mechanisms underlying human movement control are still unclear.In the current work we have reviewed understanding of proprioception and the three testing methods:threshold to detection of passive motion,joint position reproduction,and active movement extent discrimination,all of which have been used for assessing proprioception.The origin of the methods,the different testing apparatus,and the procedures and protocols used in each approach are compared and discussed.Recommendations are made for choosing an appropriate technique when assessing proprioceptive mechanisms in different contexts.
文摘Background： HRP2-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria ensure a rational use of artemisinin-based combination therapy （ACT）. The HRP2 antigen can go through the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）. Purpose： To assess the HRP2-based RDT in malaria and detect the HRP2 in CSF. Methods： From November 2006 to May 2007, all patients under 15 years showing clinical symptoms of malaria were included. RDT was performed on the CSF and peripheral blood. Results： Out of the 951 patients included, 131 （13.7%） were confirmed through RDT and 130 （13.6%） through thick blood smear. Sensitivity and specificity stood at 96.96% and 99.71% respectively, for uncomplicated cases and at 100% and 99.13% for severe cases. Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF of 52 cases were negative. Conclusion： Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF could make it possible to diagnose severe malaria cases when peripheral parasitemia would be below the detection threshold.
