Recognition of thin interbedded reservoirs in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present a technique for predicting the distribution of thin res...Recognition of thin interbedded reservoirs in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present a technique for predicting the distribution of thin reservoirs using a broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. Based on forward modeling, we recognized that a thin bed seismic reflection is characterized by changing amplitude with changing frequency （amplitude versus frequency, AVF）. We calculate the thickness of thin reservoirs from their AVF characteristics and predict the distribution of thin bed reservoir using broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. The technique has been applied in the 3D seismic area of Zhaoyuan in the northern part of the Songliao Basin. The seismic resolution is increased by two or three times over that of conventional seismic and many thin reservoirs have been identified. The technique has extensive application to the exploration and development of oil and gas, such as optimizing the location of exploration wells, the design of wells （especially horizontal wells）, choice of production test layers, analyzing reservoir continuity in development wells, and so on.展开更多
Petroleum geophysicists recognize that many parameters related to oil and gas reservoirs are predicted using seismic attribute data. However, how best to optimize the seismic attributes, predict the character of thin ...Petroleum geophysicists recognize that many parameters related to oil and gas reservoirs are predicted using seismic attribute data. However, how best to optimize the seismic attributes, predict the character of thin sandstone reservoirs, and enhance the reservoir description accuracy is an important goal for geologists and geophysicists. Based on the theory of main component analysis, we present a new optimization method, called constrained main component analysis. Modeling estimates and real application in an oilfield show that it can enhance reservoir prediction accuracy and has better applicability.展开更多
Conventional land vertical seismic profiling （VSP） exploration usually uses P-wave sources and three-component geophones for receivers, emphasizing P- and converted S-waves. Previous studies show that both dynamite ...Conventional land vertical seismic profiling （VSP） exploration usually uses P-wave sources and three-component geophones for receivers, emphasizing P- and converted S-waves. Previous studies show that both dynamite borehole shots and vertical vibrations from controllable seismic sources at the surface will produce relatively strong pure P-waves and weaker pure S-waves. Interfaces with a large Poisson＇s ratio difference have a positive influence on the formation of strong transmitted converted S-waves. By a comparative analysis of pure S-waves from sources and converted downgoing S-waves, we believe that the main frequency of pure S-waves is usually lower than pure P-waves while the main frequency of downgoing converted S-waves is close to that of P-waves. We have studied zero-offset and offset VSP data from land P-wave sources. Results show that pure S-waves commonly exist in these data with differences in wave intensity. S-wave velocity can be obtained from the P-wave source zero-offset VSP data. Finally, we discuss the bright future of joint application of VSP P-and S-waves and the full use of S-waves in P-wave source VSP data.展开更多
We explored the potential of the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellations (HJ-1A/1B satellites) charge-coupled device (CCD) imagery (spatial resolution of 30 m, revisit time o...We explored the potential of the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellations (HJ-1A/1B satellites) charge-coupled device (CCD) imagery (spatial resolution of 30 m, revisit time of 2 days) in the monitoring of total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations in dynamic water bodies using Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, as an example. Field surveys conducted during October 17-26, 2009 showed a wide range of TSS concentration (3-524 mg/L). Atmospheric correction was implemented using the Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) module in ENVI with the aid of aerosol information retrieved from concurrent Terra/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surveys, which worked well at the CCD bands with relatively high reflectance. A practical exponential retrieval algorithm was created between satellite remote sensing reflectance and in-situ measured TSS concentration. The retrieved results for the whole water area matched the in-situ data well at most stations. The retrieval errors may be related to the problem of scale matching and mixed pixel. In three selected subregions of Poyang Lake, the distribution trend of retrieved TSS was consistent with that of the field investigation. It was shown that HJ-1A/1B CCD imagery can be used to estimate TSS concentrations in Poyang Lake over synoptic scales after applying an appropriate atmospheric correction method and retrieval algorithm.展开更多
文摘Recognition of thin interbedded reservoirs in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present a technique for predicting the distribution of thin reservoirs using a broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. Based on forward modeling, we recognized that a thin bed seismic reflection is characterized by changing amplitude with changing frequency （amplitude versus frequency, AVF）. We calculate the thickness of thin reservoirs from their AVF characteristics and predict the distribution of thin bed reservoir using broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. The technique has been applied in the 3D seismic area of Zhaoyuan in the northern part of the Songliao Basin. The seismic resolution is increased by two or three times over that of conventional seismic and many thin reservoirs have been identified. The technique has extensive application to the exploration and development of oil and gas, such as optimizing the location of exploration wells, the design of wells （especially horizontal wells）, choice of production test layers, analyzing reservoir continuity in development wells, and so on.
文摘Petroleum geophysicists recognize that many parameters related to oil and gas reservoirs are predicted using seismic attribute data. However, how best to optimize the seismic attributes, predict the character of thin sandstone reservoirs, and enhance the reservoir description accuracy is an important goal for geologists and geophysicists. Based on the theory of main component analysis, we present a new optimization method, called constrained main component analysis. Modeling estimates and real application in an oilfield show that it can enhance reservoir prediction accuracy and has better applicability.
文摘Conventional land vertical seismic profiling （VSP） exploration usually uses P-wave sources and three-component geophones for receivers, emphasizing P- and converted S-waves. Previous studies show that both dynamite borehole shots and vertical vibrations from controllable seismic sources at the surface will produce relatively strong pure P-waves and weaker pure S-waves. Interfaces with a large Poisson＇s ratio difference have a positive influence on the formation of strong transmitted converted S-waves. By a comparative analysis of pure S-waves from sources and converted downgoing S-waves, we believe that the main frequency of pure S-waves is usually lower than pure P-waves while the main frequency of downgoing converted S-waves is close to that of P-waves. We have studied zero-offset and offset VSP data from land P-wave sources. Results show that pure S-waves commonly exist in these data with differences in wave intensity. S-wave velocity can be obtained from the P-wave source zero-offset VSP data. Finally, we discuss the bright future of joint application of VSP P-and S-waves and the full use of S-waves in P-wave source VSP data.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2011CB707106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41071261,41023001,41021061,40906092,40971193,41101415)+3 种基金the Opening Foundation of Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University(No.PDKF2010YG06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20100480861)LIESMARS Special Research Funding,the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2009CDB107)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.Y5090143)
文摘We explored the potential of the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellations (HJ-1A/1B satellites) charge-coupled device (CCD) imagery (spatial resolution of 30 m, revisit time of 2 days) in the monitoring of total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations in dynamic water bodies using Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, as an example. Field surveys conducted during October 17-26, 2009 showed a wide range of TSS concentration (3-524 mg/L). Atmospheric correction was implemented using the Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) module in ENVI with the aid of aerosol information retrieved from concurrent Terra/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surveys, which worked well at the CCD bands with relatively high reflectance. A practical exponential retrieval algorithm was created between satellite remote sensing reflectance and in-situ measured TSS concentration. The retrieved results for the whole water area matched the in-situ data well at most stations. The retrieval errors may be related to the problem of scale matching and mixed pixel. In three selected subregions of Poyang Lake, the distribution trend of retrieved TSS was consistent with that of the field investigation. It was shown that HJ-1A/1B CCD imagery can be used to estimate TSS concentrations in Poyang Lake over synoptic scales after applying an appropriate atmospheric correction method and retrieval algorithm.
