污泥棉花壳吸附剂处理亚甲基蓝的研究

以城市生活污水厂脱水污泥和棉花壳为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备复合吸附剂(SC)。用SC吸附处理亚甲基蓝废水,研究时间、温度、pH、投加量、初始浓度等对吸附效果的影响,并借助比表面积BET、扫描电镜(SEM)等现代分析方法分析SC的微观性质。结果表明SC吸附染料的性能较好,BET比表面积为415.04 m^2/g,说明吸附剂孔隙发达,这与SEM结果相吻合。SC对染料的吸附符合准二级动力学方程模型,对染料的吸附机理主要为物理吸附。

剩余污泥与棉花壳制备吸附剂的研究

为了对剩余污泥和棉花壳进行资源化利用,以氯化锌为活化剂、剩余污泥和棉花壳为原料制备吸附剂,研究原料配比、热解温度、活化剂浓度、活化剂用量对制备吸附剂的影响。结果表明,剩余污泥与棉花壳质量比为1∶1、在活化温度为400℃、氯化锌的浓度为3 mol/L、原料质量与氯化锌溶液体积之比(固液比)为1∶1时,吸附剂效果最好,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别达到402.984 2、59.460 0 mg/g。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱等表征分析可知制备的吸附剂孔径丰富发达,含有C—OH、C—C、C==C、C—H官能团,具有较高的吸附能力,可以用作吸附材料。

棉花壳基废料的微波炭化制备及其性能

为提高棉产业废弃物棉花壳利用的附加值,以KOH为活化剂,微波热解制备出棉花壳基活性炭并对其性能进行研究。研究化学浸渍比、微波功率、辐照时间对棉花壳废料的碳产率及其产品活性炭吸附性能的影响,并以亚甲基蓝为吸附质定量分析棉花壳基活性炭的吸附能力,分别采用准一阶、二阶和Elovich方程拟合吸附动力学方程,揭示棉花壳基活性炭吸附特性。结果表明:在浸渍比为1.5、微波功率为600 W、辐照时间为6 min,制备的棉花壳基活性炭性能最佳,其对亚甲基蓝单层吸附量为408.21 mg/g,BET比表面积和总孔体积分别为1481.07 m^(2)/g和0.846 m^(3)/g,可达到同类活性炭的吸附性能要求。此制备方法的研究可为田间作物废料棉花壳进行高附加值利用提供参考。

棉花壳催化热解气化过程建模与优化

建立了棉花壳催化热解气化过程的最小二乘支持向量机模型,验证结果表明,该模型对棉花壳气化过程具有较好的模拟效果。在此基础上,进一步确立了棉花壳催化热解气化过程的约束条件,建立了该过程的优化目标函数,旨在寻找可燃气体组分H2和CO含量达到最大值时,气化温度和催化剂添加量应满足的优化目标值。优化计算表明:当Na2CO3添加量和气化温度优化目标值分别为27.849 3%和1 087.158 4 K时,H2和CO含量均达到最大值49.939 4%和27.601 7%;当K2CO3添加量和气化温度优化目标值分别为28.445 6%和1 065.326 5 K时,H2和CO含量均达到最大值52.110 5%和27.119 3%。

棉花壳吸附水中重金属离子铅的研究

以棉花壳为原料,采用盐酸为改性剂,制备盐酸改性棉花壳吸附剂,并研究其对Pb^(2+)的最佳吸附条件。结果表明,在棉花壳粉中加入盐酸溶液,经搅拌、水洗干燥后得到盐酸改性棉花壳;用此改性棉花壳吸附Pb^(2+)的最佳条件为:处理50mg/L的Pb^(2+)溶液50m L,改性棉花壳用量为1.0g,初始pH值为3.0,搅拌吸附时间为60min,吸附率可达到88.7%。通过改性,既保持棉花壳中的有效成分,又改善棉花壳的物理结构,将其用于废水处理,既能显著降低处理成本,又能变废为宝,提高棉花的综合利用价值,具有广阔的发展前景。

棉花壳吸附剂的制备及其对孔雀石绿的吸附特性

为实现新疆废弃棉花壳的资源化利用,化学改性制备褶皱棉花壳吸附剂,研究在恒温振荡辅助条件下对孔雀石绿染料的吸附行为。结果表明:NaOH浓度为0.2 mol/L、改性温度为25℃下制备的褶皱棉花壳吸附剂性能最佳,单因素实验表明孔雀石绿的最佳吸附条件是:初始染料质量浓度500 mg/L,固液比3.20 g/L,30℃的条件下吸附240 min。其最佳吸附量和去除率分别是221.04 mg/g、95.91%,以上结果通过响应面实验验证。优化后最优组合为:吸附时间280 min,初始染料质量浓度400 mg/L,固液比为3.20 g/L,该组合实际值为吸附量120.80mg/g,去除率96.64%。

Study on Cotton Nursery Substrate Using Cotton Seed Hulls Residue after Producing Edible Mushroom

In order to discuss the localization application technology of cotton seedling using substrate, the author used cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue, river sand and peat in different proportion formula using in field and laboratory cotton seedling test. The results showed that： dry mass per plant and leaf area per plant of formula 3 were higher than Jiangxi cotton seedling nurs- ery substrate.the higher proportion were 48.4% and 73.5%; the rate of forming plantlets, survival rate of transplant and the unginned cotton yield had no obvious difference with the other matrix seedling and transplanting; nursery substrate was returned using as fertilizer, reduced environment pollution, achieved comprehensive utilization and cyclic utilization. Cotton seed hulls after the production of edible fungi residue was a cotton seedling substrate material of saving work,reducing cost and protecting environment and would have a good application prospect.

4种农业废弃物对废水中Cd^2+和Pb^2+的吸附特征

为探讨不同农业废弃物对废水中Cd^2+和Pb^2+吸附特征,研究了花生秆(HG)、葵花盘(KP)、棉花壳(MK)和棉花秆(MG)粉末在不同投加量、溶液pH、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度和离子强度条件下对废水中Cd^2+和Pb^2+的吸附特征。结果表明,随着废弃物投加量增加,单位质量花生秆、葵花盘和棉花壳对Cd^2+和Pb^2+的吸附量呈幂函数或对数下降(P<0.05);随着溶液pH升高,4种废弃物对Cd^2+和Pb^2+的吸附量均呈先增加后基本保持不变的趋势。4种材料对Cd^2+和Pb^2+的动力学吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型进行描述。在等温吸附模型中,Freundlich模型更适用于棉花秆对Cd^2+和Pb^2+的吸附过程,而Langmuir模型更适用于其他3种材料的吸附过程。4种材料对Cd^2+的最大吸附量为59.18~93.13 mg·g^-1,对Pb^2+的最大吸附量为106.43~167.73 mg·g^-1。共存离子Na+的存在可显著降低4种材料对Cd^2+的吸附量和棉花秆对Pb^2+的吸附量(P<0.05)。

不同成熟度机采棉采摘力学特性试验

【目的】为探究影响机采棉采摘力学特性的主要因素,进而为设计棉花收获机械以及确定棉花最佳采收时间提供理论依据,对机采棉采摘力学特性进行试验研究.【方法】以棉花品种、棉花含水率、棉花成熟时间为影响因子,以棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力为棉花采摘力学特性指标,进行全因子试验,通过极差分析、方差分析、回归分析探究了各影响因素对机采棉采摘力学特性的影响规律.【结果】含水率、成熟时间以及棉花品种对棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力的影响均极显著(P<0.01),且成熟时间对棉花采摘力学特性的影响远大于含水率和棉花品种.【结论】随着棉花含水率的提高,棉花与铃壳间分离力逐渐减小,棉花自身扯断力逐渐增大;同时随着成熟时间增加,棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并且在相同因素水平下,棉花自身扯断力始终大于棉花与铃壳间的分离力.

脱叶时间和含水率对机采棉采摘力学特性的影响

【目的】研究影响机采棉采摘力学特性的主要因素,为优化水平摘锭式采棉机摘锭结构以及筛选合理棉花采收期提供理论依据。【方法】采用全因子试验设计方法,分析棉花品种、棉花含水率、棉花脱叶时间对棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力的影响。【结果】棉花含水率、棉花脱叶时间、棉花品种对棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力的影响均显著(P<0.05),棉花脱叶时间对机采棉采摘力学特性的影响远大于棉花含水率和棉花品种。【结论】随着棉花含水率的提高,棉花与铃壳间分离力逐渐减小,棉花自身扯断力逐渐增大;随着成熟时间增加,棉花与铃壳间分离力、棉花自身扯断力均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在相同因素水平下,棉花自身扯断力始终大于棉花与铃壳间的分离力。

Use of chemically activated cotton nut shell carbon for the removal of fluoride contaminated drinking water: Kinetics evaluation

Chemically activated cotton nut shell carbons （CTNSCs） were prepared by different chemicals and they were used for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, initial concentration of fluoride, and temperature of the solution were studied with equilibrium, ther- modynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process by various CTNSC adsorbents. It showed that the chemically activated CTNSCs can effectively remove fluoride from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of fluoride by the chemically activated CTNSC is spon- taneous and endothermic in nature. The pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo second order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data in comparison with the pseudo-first-order and intra particle diffusion models, A mechanism of fluoride adsorption associating chemisorption and physisorption processes is presented allowing the discussion of the variations in adsorption behavior between these materials in terms of specific surface area and porosity. These data suggest that chemically activated CTNSCs are promising materials for fluoride somtion.

果胶提取的最佳条件

用草酸溶液进行水解,可以从棉花壳中提取果胶。为使提取的果胶具有最大的甲氧基、聚糖醛酸和酯化程度,必须解决最佳水解条件。为此,采用温度80—90℃,用水率1:8,草酸溶液浓度5.25—1.0％,水解时间75分钟进行试验。提取物中的果胶用酸化的乙醇进行沉淀,并用3倍的酸化乙醇进行冲洗至此Cl~- 反应。

兔子·心中的船

兔子那是一个渺远的下午,人们还在田里劳作,整个康庄都笼罩在夕阳的余晖下。狗儿都伏在自家门口等候着主人归来,猫则爬上了树试图去捕捉麻雀,一阵又一阵的麻雀飞散开来,又聚拢。村子周围的河流都被夕阳染成红色,仿佛玫瑰花瓣散发出的光泽。灰色的鸭子和白色的鹅成群地在水面上游来游去,嘎嘎的声音伴随着河里的叠叠涟漪,有芦苇的叶子飘在水里,随着波纹起伏不定。

爱情的日日夜夜

年少时不懂爱情。那是在晚上,大家坐在一起在煤油灯下剥棉花壳;也或是日间在田里拔草,总之是不太急促的农活,可以一边干活一边闲聊,父亲都会跟母亲说他所知道的爱情故事,从书上读到的、从电视中看到或是从收音机里听到的。记得再小一点的时候,父母住东间,隔了客厅,我睡西间,当晚上父亲向母亲讲“故事”时,我就在被窝里嚷嚷,让父亲把音量放大一点,“

Global attractivity of the predator-prey system for cotton aphid and seven-spot ladybird beetle with stage structure

It is well known that the cotton aphid is the major pest in cotton fields of Northwest China, and seven-spot ladybird is an important natural enemy among the various possi- ble natural enemies of cotton aphid. In order to increase the applications of population dynamics in integrated pest management and control the cotton aphids biologically, we need to understand the population dynamics of cotton aphid and their natural enemies. A delay predator prey system on cotton aphid and seven-spot ladybird beetle are pro- posed in this paper. Based on the comparison theorem and an iterative method, we investigate the global attra^tivity of the equilibrium points which have important bio- logical meanings. Furthermore, some numerical simulations were carried out to illustrateand expand our theoretical results, in which a conjecture to generalize the well-known Theorem 16.4 in H. R. Thiemes book was put forward, which was taken as the open problem. The numerical simulations show coexistence of periodic solution, confirming the theoretical prediction.