棕榈油甲酯的工业用途及应用前景

综述了棕榈油甲酯(生物柴油)的制造、应用情况。棕榈油基生物柴油的发展不仅拓展了棕榈油的工业用途,同时还促进了MES、季铵酯、甘油等相关油化学品的发展。棕榈油基生物柴油的崛起将会对今后棕榈油的工业格局产生深远影响。

棕榈油酸甲酯对朱砂叶螨生物活性的影响

为了研究棕榈油酸甲酯对朱砂叶螨生物活性的影响,采用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法测定棕榈油酸甲酯对害螨的生物活性,并采用生化方法对其体内几种酶的生物活性进行测定。结果表明,棕榈油酸甲酯具有较强的触杀和产卵抑制作用,质量浓度为5 mg/mL时,对朱砂叶螨的雌成螨和卵24 h后的校正死亡率分别达到79.82%,76.34%,LC50分别为1.853 4 mg/mL和2.213 6 mg/mL;雌成螨24 h后产卵抑制率为79.45%,驱避率为95.85%。棕榈油酸甲酯处理朱砂叶螨后,螨体内解毒酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶被激活,说明棕榈油酸甲酯存在对朱砂叶螨有毒的物质;而乙酰胆碱酯酶、Na+,K+-ATPase均受到不同程度的抑制,可能引起神经传递的阻断,从而导致螨体的死亡。研究表明棕榈油酸甲酯可以有效杀死朱砂叶螨,作为新型农药具有良好的开发前景。

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能研究

对不同烷链和不同EO加合数的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能进行了测试 ,并对FMEE在洗衣粉中替代AEO9进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,与脂肪醇乙氧基化物相比 ,FMEE泡沫低 ,水溶速度快 ,对油脂增溶能力强 。

气相色谱法测定麻疯树生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯含量

以麻疯树种子为原料榨取原油,在碱催化下用甲醇将原油甲酯化制得生物柴油。建立了生物柴油中五个主要组分的气相色谱定量分析方法,五个组分分别为:棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈油酸甲酯、硬酯酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯。该法操作简单、快速,并有较好的准确度和精密度,能满足该类生物柴油定量分析需要。

棕榈基乙醇酰胺表面活性剂的合成与性能

用工业棕榈油甲酯分别与单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺在氢氧化钾催化下合成棕榈基单乙醇酰胺和棕榈基二乙醇酰胺,其最高产率分别为92.2%和89.0%。与椰油基二乙醇酰胺相比,两者表面张力与乳化力性能相近,但棕榈基二乙醇酰胺泡沫性能较差。添加癸酸二乙醇酰胺可改善棕榈基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫性能,当n(癸酸二乙醇酰胺)∶n(棕榈基二乙醇酰胺)=1∶2.5复配时,泡沫高度提高1倍,与椰油基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫高度相当。

Relationship between Ethanol and 2-phenylethanol Stress Tolerance and Fatty Acid Compositions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the present study, we investigated of the ethanol （Eth）, 2-phenylethanol （2-PE） and ethanol/2-phenylethanol （Eth/2-PE） stress tolerance and established relationship between stress tolerance and fatty acid compositions of wine yeast strain S. cerevisiae UCM Y-524 in relation to different cultivation factors. Changes in cell membrane fatty acid profiles studied under different temperature and media. The active oxygenation, semi-aerobic cultivation supplemented Tween 80 conditions were used in different combinations. The concentrations of 2-PE and Eth, the fatty acids methyl esters （FAMES） in the media were measured by GC-MS analyses. 2-PE, Eth, FAMES were identified by NIST02 MS database at the 2-PE and Eth standard solution （Merck, Germany）, bacterial FAMES standard （Supelco）. Palmitoleic and oleic acid were dominated for S. cerevisiae UCM Y-524. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid （UFA/SFA） ratio was higher than five for S. cerevisiae UCM Y-524 at 14 ~C in simple medium and about more than three for other conditions. It has been found that yeast cells grown in the presence of the 2-PE, Eth and Eth/2-PE appear to increase the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, in cellular lipids especially under active oxygenation supplemented with Tween 80. S. cerevisiae UCM Y-524 has a higher tolerance under 2-PE, Eth and Eth/2-PE stress at 28 ~C in a simple medium under aerobic conditions. A higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane S. cerevisiae UCM Y-524 and a lower temperature under aerobic conditions, has been considered to have a positive influence on the excretion of 2-phenylethanol.

Investigation on Emission and Combustion with 100% Palm Kernel Methyl Ester as Fuel on VCR-DI-Diesel Engine

Methyl or ethyl esters of vegetable oils are the reliable alternative fuels for the petroleum diesel, because their properties are very nearer to the petroleum diesel. But the flash point and auto-ignition temperatures are very high for these esters. CR （compression ratio） is one of the parameter which influences the atomization and vaporization of fuel. It is also caused for improvement in the turbulence which leads to better combustion. In this work the single cylinder diesel engine was tested at different compression ratios i.e. 16.5：1, 17.5：1, 18.5：1, 19：1 with palm kernel methyl ester without modifications. On increasing compression ratio closeness of molecules of air increases and fuel is injected into that air caused for better combustion. The inbuilt oxygen of methyl or ethyl ester will participate in the combustion and causes for reduction of HC and CO. Better compression ratio for an engine with particular fuel provides satisfactory thermal efficiency and less environmental pollution. In the investigations, for palm kernel methyl ester, 18.5：1 compression ratio is preferable on single cylinder Dl-diesel engine.

桂枝茯苓胶囊中三萜类成分UPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立桂枝茯苓胶囊（GFC）三萜类成分UPLC指纹图谱方法,为评价GFC的质量提供新方法。方法采用Agilent Zorbox Eclipse Plus HD C18（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.2 m L/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为210 nm。采用Q-TOF/MS对指纹图谱中共有峰进行指认。结果得到分离度和重复性良好的GFC三萜类成分指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,其中1-7、10、12、14-17号峰共13个共有峰来自于茯苓,8、11号峰来自于桂枝,9号峰来自于白芍和牡丹皮,13号峰来自于桃仁、白芍、牡丹皮和桂枝。10批成品指纹图谱相似度在0.90以上。UPLC-Q-TOF/MS共鉴定出15个成分,分别为常春藤皂苷（1）、去氢土莫酸（2）、土莫酸（3）、猪苓酸C（4）、3-表去氢土莫酸（6）、茯苓酸D（7）、α-亚麻酸（9）、去氢茯苓酸（10）、齐墩果酸（11）、茯苓酸（12）、亚油酸（13）、棕榈油酸甲酯（15）、棕榈酸（16）、棕榈酸乙酯（17）、胡萝卜苷（18）。结论建立的UPLC指纹图谱有较好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,适用于GFC的质量控制。

Density estimated physicochemical properties of alanine-based ionic liquid [C_7mim][Ala] and its application in selective transesterification of soybean oil

Amino acid ionic liquid （AAIL） based on alanine, 1-n-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium alanine （[C7mim][Ala]）, has been prepared and characterized. Since the IL can form strong hydrogen bonds with water, trace amount of water is a problematic impurity in the IL. Using the standard addition method （SAM）, the densities were measured in the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15±0.05 K. On the basis of the experimental data of density, the surface tension y, molar volume, and the molecular vol- ume Vm, molar enthalpy of vaporization AIgHm0, and the thermal expansion coefficients or, for [C7mim][Ala] were estimated using semi-empirical methods. Also the interstice model has been verified with good accordance. Then the [C7mim][Ala] was taken as catalyst in the transesterification reaction with fatty acid, where soybean oil was used as raw material and methanol as reactant. The amount of catalyst, alcohol consumption, reaction time, temperature and other factors of the reaction were inves- tigated. Using GC determination, the conversions were calculated by the internal standard method. The main ingredients of the products were identified by GC-MS as palm methyl ester and linoleic acid methyl ester only, which showed high selectivity in palmitic acid and linoleic acid.