Magnolia obovata, a tree species native to Japan, is a traditional landscaping tree that has also been introduced to various countries. M. obovata individuals have recently emerged in non-planting areas in Korea, prom...Magnolia obovata, a tree species native to Japan, is a traditional landscaping tree that has also been introduced to various countries. M. obovata individuals have recently emerged in non-planting areas in Korea, prompting us to investigate its distribution by establishing Dosolsan in an urban forest of Daejeon City as the target site. In order to determine its naturalization, the study explored the status of population growth by examining the diameter at breast height of the individuals, and diameter diminution quotient was calculated. Cores of the trees were collected, and the age distribution was estimated by regression analysis. Reproduction possibility was analyzed by verifying the flowerblooming and fruit-bearing. Spontaneous colonization was investigated in the other potential sites which have different location and environment, respectively.The diameter distribution showed a reverse J-shaped curve, and the diminution quotient was ≥ 1.8. The population was composed of different generations,thus confirming the growth of the population. The distributed M. obovata grew and flowered normally,and followed a normal life cycle. The same phenomenon was observed in other planting areas,residual forests in urban or rural areas, alluvial islands, and mountain forests. The continuous spread of M. obovata in new ecosystems may be attributable to its long-term distribution by birds, relatively fast growth, and maturity time. Investigations on the naturalization and spread of M. obovata in Korea, as well as in various countries, are warranted.展开更多
In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high ...In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high differentiations among the three strata in which this population could be classified. The rural population of Evros Prefecture （Greece） with criterion the mean altitude of settlements was classified in three strata, the mountainous, semi-mountainous and fiat population for the estimation of mean consumption of forest fuelwood for covering of heating and cooking needs in households of these three strata. The analysis of this methodology includes： （1） the determination of total size of sample for entire the rural population and its allocation to the various strata; （2） the investigation of effectiveness of stratification with the technique of analysis of variance （One-Way ANOVA）; （3） the conduct of sampling research with the realization of face-to-face interviews in selected households and （4） the control of forms of the questionnaire and the analysis of data by using the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows. All data for the analysis of this methodology and its practical application were taken by the pilot sampling which was realized in each stratum. Relative paper was not found by the review of literature.展开更多
基金supported by Ecosystem Service Institute of Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
文摘Magnolia obovata, a tree species native to Japan, is a traditional landscaping tree that has also been introduced to various countries. M. obovata individuals have recently emerged in non-planting areas in Korea, prompting us to investigate its distribution by establishing Dosolsan in an urban forest of Daejeon City as the target site. In order to determine its naturalization, the study explored the status of population growth by examining the diameter at breast height of the individuals, and diameter diminution quotient was calculated. Cores of the trees were collected, and the age distribution was estimated by regression analysis. Reproduction possibility was analyzed by verifying the flowerblooming and fruit-bearing. Spontaneous colonization was investigated in the other potential sites which have different location and environment, respectively.The diameter distribution showed a reverse J-shaped curve, and the diminution quotient was ≥ 1.8. The population was composed of different generations,thus confirming the growth of the population. The distributed M. obovata grew and flowered normally,and followed a normal life cycle. The same phenomenon was observed in other planting areas,residual forests in urban or rural areas, alluvial islands, and mountain forests. The continuous spread of M. obovata in new ecosystems may be attributable to its long-term distribution by birds, relatively fast growth, and maturity time. Investigations on the naturalization and spread of M. obovata in Korea, as well as in various countries, are warranted.
文摘In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high differentiations among the three strata in which this population could be classified. The rural population of Evros Prefecture （Greece） with criterion the mean altitude of settlements was classified in three strata, the mountainous, semi-mountainous and fiat population for the estimation of mean consumption of forest fuelwood for covering of heating and cooking needs in households of these three strata. The analysis of this methodology includes： （1） the determination of total size of sample for entire the rural population and its allocation to the various strata; （2） the investigation of effectiveness of stratification with the technique of analysis of variance （One-Way ANOVA）; （3） the conduct of sampling research with the realization of face-to-face interviews in selected households and （4） the control of forms of the questionnaire and the analysis of data by using the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows. All data for the analysis of this methodology and its practical application were taken by the pilot sampling which was realized in each stratum. Relative paper was not found by the review of literature.
