以森林生态市为基础的韶关生态旅游之构想

基于韶关市建设森林生态市的概念、基本条件和要求,依据韶关市生态资源特点,按照开展生态旅游的原则,可将韶关市分为5个森林生态旅游区。

广东韶关创建森林生态市指标体系研究

创建森林生态市的历程实际上就是构筑某一地理区域完善的、平衡的森林生态系统的过程。论述了森林生态系统指标的内涵、界定、基本特征,指标的目标性和理论性依据,选择指标的原则,指标体系的建立和用途;提出韶关创建森林生态市的指标和指标体系的评价、指标的重要度。

金华建设森林生态市的相关问题与对策研究

简述森林生态市的发展历程与内涵,进而阐述金华市建设森林生态市的优势、劣势、机遇与挑战,并提出了建设森林生态市的相关对策。

确立林业新定位 建设森林生态市

通过分析我市森林经营思想的演变及我市现代林业的特点与基本属性 ,强调林业重新定位及其必要性。提出了建设森林生态市的总体目标、指标体系。

A Comparative Study on Pattern of Urban Forest Patch and Its Ecological Benefit Evaluation in the Park of Hefei Based on the GIS Technology

Based on the GIS technology, CITYgreen computer model was used in this paper to estimate ecological benefits of urban forest in the park of Hefei city.It used this technology to make an analysis on urban forest ecological benefits. The research discussed how to use the technology of CITYgreen model developed in USA to account urban forest benefits in China. The results showed that forests in Xiaoyao Jin Park occupied about 52.62% of park land area and Xinghua Park13.00% respectively, indicating that Xiaoyaojin Park is dominated by large trees such as arbors, and Xinghua Park dominated by laws, with low coverage. Besides,the comprehensive eco-benefits of Xiaoyaojin Park and Xinghua Park were 5.150 3and 1.354 3 million yuan and per unit area eco-benefits were 144 000 and 47 400yuan/hm^2, which indicated that Xiaoyaojin Park makes the greatest contribution in ecological benefits.

Preliminary Evaluation on Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Function in Meizhou City

In order to better explore the function of urban forest in human habitation and settlement environment,the ecosystem functions were evaluated in terms of air purification,water conservation,soil conservation,maintenance of biodiversity in Meizhou by the methods of market price,shadow prices approach and opportunity cost,and the problems of the value assessment at home and abroad in urban forest ecosystem services function were simply discussed.

Forest Ecosystem Services and Their Values in Beijing

As the most important ecosystem in Beijing, the forest supports a lot of ecosystem services to local and around communities, which plays a key role in the maintenance of urban ecological security.However, the valuation on the forest ecosystem services based on regional scale could not provide precise and reasonable values for forestry sector management.In this study, we estimated the magnitudes and economic values of the forest ecosystem services in Beijing at sublot level.The economic value of forest ecosystem services in Beijing was estimated to be 19 339.71×10 6 yuan(RMB) in 2004.Among all the ecosystem services indicators we estimated in this study, only fruit, timber and part of the recreation(which only include the tourism income from the forest parks and scenic areas, but not include that from other forest types) were measured in the social economic system.As estimated in this study, more than 82.19% of the economic value of forest ecosystem services could not be measured in the socio-economic statistical system.The importance of forest ecosystem services in Beijing to human welfare was underestimated by the socio-economic system.Therefore, the policies about the eco-compensation of forest ecosystem services should be established to maintain the sustainable supply of the forest ecosystem services in Beijing.

Application of Native Tree Species to Urban Forest

Native trees play important roles in urban forestry, such as a deep cultural background, a strong ecological adaptability, a high performance-cost ratio and a convenient management. But now there are some difficulties in native trees’ utilization and popularization dueto few study on landscape plant. In order to seek an abnormal and artificial landscaping and to produce an effective resultas soon as possible, native and foreign plants can be properly used as an available resource by improving their technological level and emphasizing natural balance. Then Chinese classic culture and green economics can be combined with beautiful forestry by implementing urban sustainable development.

R & D Activities on Urban Forestry in the Philippines

This paper highlights the research and development activities being done on urban forestry in the Philippines. The rolethat R & Dplaysin urban forestryislikewise discussed in theintroduction. Recommended tree species for urban planting are presented including their characteristics and distribution. Researches related to urban forestry being conducted are listed with a short description of each project. Development activities on urban forestry are likewise discussed. Finally, recommended R &D agenda and researchable areasbased on the Philippine Agenda 21 and the Department of Environmentand NaturalResources(DENR) R & D Framework are presented.

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Four Urban Greenbelt Types on Human Comfort in Shenzhen,P.R.China

Four urban greenbelt types including roadside greenbelt, resident-area greenbelt, landscape forest, and forest park, were simultaneously investigated in Shenzhen, China, in such measures as air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, air anion ratio, and inhalabal particle concentration, which were strongly related with pleasing feeling of human body. The results show that the average air temperature in both forest park and landscape forest is much closer to the pleasing feeling of human body temperature than that of the rest two greenbelts, where it is 1.782 ℃ and 0.837℃ in forest park as well as 3.084 ℃ and 2.140 ℃ in landscape forest less than that of roadside and resident-area greenbelts, respectively. In terms of mean air humidity, forest park and landscape forest are 3.034% and 7.563% higher than that of roadside greenbelt, and 1.205% and 5.734% higher than that of resident-area greenbelt, respectively, implying a sound humidity feeling of human comfort in the former two types. The air cleanness holds a descending rank as forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt, whereas the rank in inhalable particle concentration is completely reverse. In general, landscape forest and forest park that mainly consist of trees have a comparatively higher feeling of human comfort whereas roadside and resident-area greenbelts fluctuate irregularly to some extent for the measures studied. The four greenbelt types investigated could be summarized in human comfort as the following descending rank, forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt.

Strengthening Urban Forest Development Improving Urban Ecological Environment

Since the reform and opening up, urban development in China has entered a period of rapid progress. While making significant achievements, urban environmental problems such asair pollution, heat- island effects, water loss and soil erosion have become increasingly prominent. To speed up the process of urbanization in China, new challenges have been imposed on urban forestdevelopment, urban environment protection and ecological urban development. Aimed at ecological and environment problems existing in urban developmentin China, summarizing Chinese experiencesandlearning from othercountries, scientifically planning urban forest to promote urban ecological development, improving urban forest ecosystem to assure urban ecological safety, carrying on forest cultureto develop urban ecological civilization, have becomethe main tasks and direction for urban forest development in China.

Study on Reasonable Planning of Urban Forest Range

This paper stresses the necessity of defining range of urban forest and provides the basis for reasonably determining rangeof urban forest and some basic principles to be followed.

Sustainable Management of Conurbation Forests in Northern Hesse (FRG)

Today 42% (9 000 km2) of the area of Hesse is covered with forests. The total area of forests hasslightly increased since several years. But actually the forests adjacent to the conurbations of NorthernHesse in the vicinity of Kassel in particular and in the Rhein-Main Region surrounding Frankfurt are in a verydifficult position. There is big demand for land to be converted into settlements, infrastructure, etc., whilethere is increasing need for the protective and recreational functions of the forests. Therefore maintenance ofexisting forests and establishment of new forests are amongst the most important responsibilities of theforest authorities on regional and district level.

Development of Urban Forests in Indonesia

Developments in urban area, which result situation of urban environment progressively becomeonly going forward economical but retreat ecologically. Though urban stability is very important ecologically,it is the same important as its stability value economical. Annoyed stability of urban ecosystem showednatures reaction in the form of: the increasing of air temperature, degradation of ground water, floods,degradation of surface of land, sea water intrusion, coastal abrasion, contamination of water in the form ofdrinking water smell, containing heavy metal, contamination of air like the increasing of rate of CO, ozone(O3), carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and brimstone (S), dirt, barren atmosphere, monotonous,dirty and noisy. Some metropolis and developing cities in Indonesia are developing urban forests to anticipatethe above-mentioned problems.

Land, Fund and Mechanism:Three Bottlenecks of Chinese Urban Forestry in the 21st Century

Although desirable developments have been achieved since the implementation of the reform-and-opening-up policy, the urban forestry in China is still haunted by the problems of land scarcity, fundshortage and administrative mechanism dysfunction. With a concern of these problems, this paper have madea survey of the current status of the land use in urban areas for the purpose of proposing strategies for urbanforestry development in China, and have made an evaluation on the relation between fund and urban forestrywith a focus on the means of attracting investment and raising fund. In line with the system of socialorganizations, of administration, and of management, special concern about the systematic and operationalmechanism of urban forestry has been expressed. Based upon the analysis as such, this paper holds that landis the foundation of urban forestry development; fund is the motive force of the sustainable development ofurban forestry; mechanism is the guarantee for the urban forestry to develop in a healthy and effective order.

Multi-sectoral Participatory Urban Forestry Development in Philippines Metropolitan Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, initiated urban forestry projects toshowcase its environmental benefits. Metro Manila was once a part of a tropical mangrove forest dominatedby small trees locally called nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae). The fast-paced urbanization transformedthe original ecosystem into a bustling metropolis subjected to environmental decay. The establishment ofurban forestry is one of the interventions sought by the government to mitigate the environmental conditions.Thus, the concept of participatory urban forestry was formalized in 1988 by the national government.However, it was during the early years of the 1970s that the idea of exerting collective effort in greeningMetro Manila started through the Green Revolution, with the primary motive of uplifting the economiccondition of the people rather than on ecological enhancement. The project was forced on the people to plantvegetables and fruit trees with less emphasis on forest trees species. Although the project was not successful,the government realized that the citizenry could be a great partner for a collective worthwhile undertaking.

Study on Network System Construction of Forest Ecological in Huaining New Town

Urban forest isan importantcomposition and the window and soul of modern cities, which has a close relationship with ecologicalenvironment andinvesting environment. Sourban foresthasbeen constructed in China. Huaining County could hold of the historical opportunity and come up with the great blueprintof forest ecological network system construction for the new town. This paper mainly introduces the guiding ideas, principles, goals and overall layouts of the construction in the new town, and hope that it will be a modelfor other county-level forest ecological network system construction in China.

Social and Ecnomic Values of Urban Forestry:Malaysian Perspective

The concept of urban forestry is not a new one for town planners and foresters in Malaysia. The difference between the concept now and in the early days is that, in the past, people associated urban forestry primarily with the planting of trees, rather than seeing it as involving the total development of a designated area. Urban forestry activity in Malaysia started way back in 1778 with the planting of Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) trees in Malacca, followed by large-scale planting of trees in Penang in 1802. A majority of trees planted at that time were exotic species, such as Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), rain tree (Samanea saman), and broad-leaved mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), which were meant to provide instant shade and greenery. A more holisticconcept of urban forestry, which not only encompasses simply planting trees but also involves making provisions for preserving the ecosystem, started only in the 1980s. Sincethen, the concept of urban forestry has begun to gain interestand appreciation, encouraging localsto get involved with tree-planting campaigns aspart and parcel of many urban forestry activities. Today, efforts of government agencies such as theForest Research InstituteMalaysia(FRIM), together with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)and the Lions Club of Kuala Lumpur, have helped to inculcate interestin planting trees or greening the nation and to enhance appreciation of the concept of urban forestry as a whole. The importance of urban forestry from the perspective of both economic and social values is reflected not only in the prices of homes located in urban green areas but also in theamountof budget allocated formaintenance and further development of those areas. Everyoneliving in an urban area knows how important urban forestry activities are in day-to-day activities. Therefore, to help readers better understand and appreciate the needs ofan urban population, thispaper highlights not only the roles of urban green spaces butalso discusses the social and economicvalues thatMalaysiansplace on urban forestry.

Strategic Trend of Chinese Urban Forestry Development

China is facing new challenges of urban expansion of scale and deterioration of the ecological environment. Urban forestry has a new role and position in Chinese forestry development. “Chinese Sustainable Development Forestry Strategic Research” established the strategic objectives and policy measures on urban forestry, improved urban ecological environmentand pushed Chinese urban ecological processthrough building up green forestisland in urban central district, green forest zone in suburbs, forest system in remoter outskirts of cities.

Management and Administration of Urban Forest

The thesis is focused on the elements operating in the management and administration of urbanforests, such as the concept of urban forest, the scale, the ecological, economical and social benefits, thelandscape harmonization, the coordinate administration, the investing and financing mechanism, the utilizationof ecosystem function, the prevention of negative effects and so on. Meanwhile, solutions to problems inthese elements are respectively presented.